Absolute zero - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

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2dev>Jmdonev at 17:32, 17 December 2018

2018-12-17T17:32:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:32, 17 December 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-06]]		[[Category:Done 2018-12-10]] [[Category: Rudi grade Ashley edit]]
	[[File:Thermometer.png\|thumbnail\|400px\|right\|Figure 1: A thermometer stretching from downtown Victoria to St. Johns. Victoria would be room temperature, [[water]] would freeze around the AB-BC border and absolute zero would be at the ~~harbor~~ in downtown St. Johns. Bose Einstein Condensates are a few ~~nanokelvin~~ (a few grains of sand) away from the end).<ref>Modified from: By Siim Sepp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons and By E Pluribus Anthony, transferred to Wikimedia Commons by Kaveh (log), optimized by Andrew pmk. (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons by Jason Donev January 12th, 2015.</ref>]]		[[File:Thermometer.png\|thumbnail\|400px\|right\|Figure 1: A thermometer stretching from downtown Victoria to St. Johns. Victoria would be room temperature, [[water]] would freeze around the AB-BC border and absolute zero would be at the harbour in downtown St. Johns. Bose Einstein Condensates are a few nanokelvins (a few grains of sand) away from the end).<ref>Modified from: By Siim Sepp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons and By E Pluribus Anthony, transferred to Wikimedia Commons by Kaveh (log), optimized by Andrew pmk. (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons by Jason Donev January 12th, 2015.</ref>]]

	[[Temperature]] is a measure of how much [[thermal energy]] a [[system]] has. This measurement means that all of the [[atom]]s and [[molecule]]s which are moving around have a certain amount of [[kinetic energy]] (and less obviously [[potential energy]]). <onlyinclude>When all of the molecules (or atoms) in a system stop moving completely, that's as cold as they can get. This temperature, where there's no thermal energy at all, is called '''absolute zero'''.</onlyinclude>		[[Temperature]] is a measure of how much [[thermal energy]] a [[system]] has. This measurement means that all of the [[atom]]s and [[molecule]]s which are moving around have a certain amount of [[kinetic energy]] (and less obviously [[potential energy]]). <onlyinclude>When all of the molecules (or atoms) in a system stop moving completely, that's as cold as they can get. This temperature, where there's no thermal energy at all, is called '''absolute zero'''.</onlyinclude><ref name= Hub> Winston Smith. "The Importance of Absolute Zero In Science: An Introduction" Accessed Dec.10, 2018. [Online] Available from: https://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-homework-help/111787-importance-of-absolute-zero/</ref>

	Numerically, this is written as 0 [[Kelvin\|K]], -273.15[[Celsius\|°C]], or -459.67[[Fahrenheit\|°F]].		Numerically, this is written as 0 [[Kelvin\|K]], -273.15[[Celsius\|°C]], or -459.67[[Fahrenheit\|°F]].

	The idea of absolute zero plays into understanding how much [[energy]] is available from [[gas]] molecules in the [[ideal gas law]], since temperature has to be measured on an absolute scale (like Kelvin), for the ideal gas law to make ~~any~~ sense! Additionally, the idea of absolute zero plays into the physics of [[blackbody radiation]] (how much energy radiates out from an object at a particular temperature) and the maximum possible [[efficiency]] of a [[heat engine]] (called the [[carnot efficiency]]).		The idea of absolute zero plays into understanding how much [[energy]] is available from [[gas]] molecules in the [[ideal gas law]], since the temperature has to be measured on an absolute scale (like Kelvin), for the ideal gas law to make sense.<ref name= Hub/> Additionally, the idea of absolute zero plays into the physics of [[blackbody radiation]] (how much energy radiates out from an object at a particular temperature) and the maximum possible [[efficiency]] of a [[heat engine]] (called the [[carnot efficiency]]).

	The ~~idea~~ of absolute zero also ~~plays into~~ the physics of [[climate change]]. The [[temperature of the Earth\|average temperature of the Earth]], which is about 15°C, would be 288 K. If [[greenhouse gas]]es increase the temperature of the planet by 1% then it wouldn't go up 0.15 degrees, it would go up 2.88 degrees! Understanding how these small percent changes in the Earth's temperature can lead to ~~disastrous~~ consequences for the planet is an important part of [[climate]] science.		The concept of absolute zero is also part of the physics of [[climate change]]. The [[temperature of the Earth\|average temperature of the Earth]], which is about 15°C, would be 288 K. If [[greenhouse gas]]es increase the temperature of the planet by 1% then it wouldn't go up 0.15 degrees, it would go up 2.88 degrees. Kelvin and Celsius both have the same degree increment but Kelvin is an absolute scale (meaning that it's zero point really is zero) and Celsius is a relative scale (it's zero point is arbitrary - it was chosen by a scientist). This is why the temperature would increase by 2.88 degrees instead of 0.15 degrees. Understanding how these small percent changes in the Earth's temperature can lead to drastic consequences for the planet is an important part of [[climate]] science.<ref name= ECC> Janet Larsen. "Global Temperature" Accessed Dec.10, 2018. [Online] Available from: http://www.earth-policy.org/indicators/C51</ref>

	[[Thermodynamics]] has shown that it's impossible to get to absolute zero, but physicists have gotten ~~ridiculously~~ close. Using [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lascool.html#c1 laser cooling] and [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/magtrap.html#c1 magnetic trapping], experiments have been able to get atoms down to temperatures of a few nK (10<sup>-9</sup> K) to form [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/spinc.html#c4 Bose Einstein Condensates]. To give an idea of how cold this is, imagine a thermometer stretched from Victoria, BC to St. Johns, Newfoundland (7500 [[km]]), see ~~figure~~ 1.		[[Thermodynamics]] has shown that it is impossible to get to absolute zero, but physicists have gotten very close.<ref name= Hub/> Using [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lascool.html#c1 laser cooling] and [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/magtrap.html#c1 magnetic trapping], experiments have been able to get atoms down to temperatures of a few nK (10<sup>-9</sup> K) to form [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/spinc.html#c4 Bose Einstein Condensates]. To give an idea of how cold this is, imagine a thermometer stretched from Victoria, BC to St. Johns, Newfoundland (7500 [[km]]) (see Figure 1).
	*293 K (20°C) Room temperature - downtown Victoria		*293 K (20°C) Room temperature - downtown Victoria
	*273 K (0°C) Water freezes - the BC-Alberta border		*273 K (0°C) Water freezes - the BC-Alberta border
	*0 K - the ~~harbor~~ in downtown St. Johns Newfoundland		*0 K - the harbour in downtown St. Johns Newfoundland
	*1 nK - 0.026 [[mm]] from the ~~harbor~~, less than a grain of sand away from the end of the thermometer!		*1 nK - 0.026 [[mm]] from the harbour, less than a grain of sand away from the end of the thermometer!

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Temperature]]
			*[[Celsius]]
			*[[Fahrenheit]]
			*[[Climate]]
			*[[Thermal energy]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:50:53Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:50, 18 September 2015
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Jmdonev at 19:49, 3 September 2015

2015-09-03T19:49:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:49, 3 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-06~~-01~~]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]
	[[File:Thermometer.png\|thumbnail\|400px\|right\|Figure 1: A thermometer stretching from downtown Victoria to St. Johns. Victoria would be room temperature, water would freeze around the AB-BC border and absolute zero would be at the harbor in downtown St. Johns. Bose Einstein Condensates are a few nanokelvin (a few grains of sand) away from the end).<ref>Modified from: By Siim Sepp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons and By E Pluribus Anthony, transferred to Wikimedia Commons by Kaveh (log), optimized by Andrew pmk. (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons by Jason Donev January 12th, 2015.</ref>]]		[[File:Thermometer.png\|thumbnail\|400px\|right\|Figure 1: A thermometer stretching from downtown Victoria to St. Johns. Victoria would be room temperature, [[water]] would freeze around the AB-BC border and absolute zero would be at the harbor in downtown St. Johns. Bose Einstein Condensates are a few nanokelvin (a few grains of sand) away from the end).<ref>Modified from: By Siim Sepp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons and By E Pluribus Anthony, transferred to Wikimedia Commons by Kaveh (log), optimized by Andrew pmk. (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons by Jason Donev January 12th, 2015.</ref>]]

	[[Temperature]] is a measure of how much [[thermal energy]] a [[system]] has. This measurement means that all of the [[atom]]s and [[molecule]]s which are moving around have a certain amount of [[kinetic energy]] (and less obviously [[potential energy]]). <onlyinclude>When all of the molecules (or atoms) in a system stop moving completely, that's as cold as they can get. This temperature, where there's no thermal energy at all, is called '''absolute zero'''.</onlyinclude>		[[Temperature]] is a measure of how much [[thermal energy]] a [[system]] has. This measurement means that all of the [[atom]]s and [[molecule]]s which are moving around have a certain amount of [[kinetic energy]] (and less obviously [[potential energy]]). <onlyinclude>When all of the molecules (or atoms) in a system stop moving completely, that's as cold as they can get. This temperature, where there's no thermal energy at all, is called '''absolute zero'''.</onlyinclude>
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	Numerically, this is written as 0 [[Kelvin\|K]], -273.15[[Celsius\|°C]], or -459.67[[Fahrenheit\|°F]].		Numerically, this is written as 0 [[Kelvin\|K]], -273.15[[Celsius\|°C]], or -459.67[[Fahrenheit\|°F]].

	The idea of absolute zero plays into understanding how much [[energy]] is available from gas molecules in the [[ideal gas law]], since temperature has to be measured on an absolute scale (like Kelvin), for the ideal gas law to make any sense! Additionally, the idea of absolute zero plays into the physics of [[blackbody radiation]] (how much energy radiates out from an object at a particular temperature) and the maximum possible [[efficiency]] of a [[heat engine]] (called the [[carnot efficiency]]).		The idea of absolute zero plays into understanding how much [[energy]] is available from [[gas]] molecules in the [[ideal gas law]], since temperature has to be measured on an absolute scale (like Kelvin), for the ideal gas law to make any sense! Additionally, the idea of absolute zero plays into the physics of [[blackbody radiation]] (how much energy radiates out from an object at a particular temperature) and the maximum possible [[efficiency]] of a [[heat engine]] (called the [[carnot efficiency]]).

	The idea of absolute zero also plays into the physics of [[climate change]]. The [[temperature of the Earth\|average temperature of the Earth]], which is about 15°C, would be 288 K. If [[greenhouse gas]]es increase the temperature of the planet by 1% then it wouldn't go up 0.15 degrees, it would go up 2.88 degrees! Understanding how these small percent changes in the Earth's temperature can lead to disastrous consequences for the planet is an important part of climate science.		The idea of absolute zero also plays into the physics of [[climate change]]. The [[temperature of the Earth\|average temperature of the Earth]], which is about 15°C, would be 288 K. If [[greenhouse gas]]es increase the temperature of the planet by 1% then it wouldn't go up 0.15 degrees, it would go up 2.88 degrees! Understanding how these small percent changes in the Earth's temperature can lead to disastrous consequences for the planet is an important part of [[climate]] science.

	[[Thermodynamics]] has shown that it's impossible to get to absolute zero, but physicists have gotten ridiculously close. Using [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lascool.html#c1 laser cooling] and [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/magtrap.html#c1 magnetic trapping], experiments have been able to get atoms down to temperatures of a few nK (10<sup>-9</sup> K) to form [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/spinc.html#c4 Bose Einstein Condensates]. To give an idea of how cold this is, imagine a thermometer stretched from Victoria, BC to St. Johns, Newfoundland (7500 [[km]]), see figure 1.		[[Thermodynamics]] has shown that it's impossible to get to absolute zero, but physicists have gotten ridiculously close. Using [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lascool.html#c1 laser cooling] and [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/magtrap.html#c1 magnetic trapping], experiments have been able to get atoms down to temperatures of a few nK (10<sup>-9</sup> K) to form [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/spinc.html#c4 Bose Einstein Condensates]. To give an idea of how cold this is, imagine a thermometer stretched from Victoria, BC to St. Johns, Newfoundland (7500 [[km]]), see figure 1.

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:39Z

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J.williams at 22:41, 11 August 2015

2015-08-11T22:41:07Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-06-01]]
[[File:Thermometer.png|thumbnail|400px|right|Figure 1: A thermometer stretching from downtown Victoria to St. Johns. Victoria would be room temperature, water would freeze around the AB-BC border and absolute zero would be at the harbor in downtown St. Johns. Bose Einstein Condensates are a few nanokelvin (a few grains of sand) away from the end).<ref>Modified from: By Siim Sepp (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons and By E Pluribus Anthony, transferred to Wikimedia Commons by Kaveh (log), optimized by Andrew pmk. (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons by Jason Donev January 12th, 2015.</ref>]]

[[Temperature]] is a measure of how much [[thermal energy]] a [[system]] has. This measurement means that all of the [[atom]]s and [[molecule]]s which are moving around have a certain amount of [[kinetic energy]] (and less obviously [[potential energy]]). <onlyinclude>When all of the molecules (or atoms) in a system stop moving completely, that's as cold as they can get. This temperature, where there's no thermal energy at all, is called '''absolute zero'''.</onlyinclude>

Numerically, this is written as 0 [[Kelvin|K]], -273.15[[Celsius|°C]], or -459.67[[Fahrenheit|°F]].

The idea of absolute zero plays into understanding how much [[energy]] is available from gas molecules in the [[ideal gas law]], since temperature has to be measured on an absolute scale (like Kelvin), for the ideal gas law to make any sense! Additionally, the idea of absolute zero plays into the physics of [[blackbody radiation]] (how much energy radiates out from an object at a particular temperature) and the maximum possible [[efficiency]] of a [[heat engine]] (called the [[carnot efficiency]]).

The idea of absolute zero also plays into the physics of [[climate change]]. The [[temperature of the Earth|average temperature of the Earth]], which is about 15°C, would be 288 K. If [[greenhouse gas]]es increase the temperature of the planet by 1% then it wouldn't go up 0.15 degrees, it would go up 2.88 degrees! Understanding how these small percent changes in the Earth's temperature can lead to disastrous consequences for the planet is an important part of climate science.

[[Thermodynamics]] has shown that it's impossible to get to absolute zero, but physicists have gotten ridiculously close. Using [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/optmod/lascool.html#c1 laser cooling] and [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/magtrap.html#c1 magnetic trapping], experiments have been able to get atoms down to temperatures of a few nK (10<sup>-9</sup> K) to form [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/spinc.html#c4 Bose Einstein Condensates]. To give an idea of how cold this is, imagine a thermometer stretched from Victoria, BC to St. Johns, Newfoundland (7500 [[km]]), see figure 1.
*293 K (20°C) Room temperature - downtown Victoria
*273 K (0°C) Water freezes - the BC-Alberta border
*0 K - the harbor in downtown St. Johns Newfoundland
*1 nK - 0.026 [[mm]] from the harbor, less than a grain of sand away from the end of the thermometer!

==References==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]