Alkane - Revision history

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energy>Ethan.boechler at 18:07, 10 September 2021

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	<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that ~~contain~~ only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they ~~are made up of nothing but~~ [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes ~~can~~ also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the ~~most~~ number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref ~~name=brown~~/>		[[fr:Alcane]]
			<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contains only single bonds between the central carbon atoms. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]] atoms.</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes are also referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom, versus the [[unsaturated hydrocarbons]] (alkenes and alkynes) which contain fewer hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref>"Unsaturated Hydrocarbons - Chemistry LibreTexts", chem.libretexts.org, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/25%3A_Chemistry_of_Life%3A_Organic_and_Biological_Chemistry/25.04%3A_Unsaturated_Hydrocarbons. [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019].</ref>

	~~<!--T:2-->~~		Alkanes have the [[molecular formula]] C<sub>'''''n'''''</sub>H<sub>2'''''n'''''+2</sub>, where '''''n''''' refers to the '''''n'''''umber of carbon [[atom]]s, and can be any natural number (1, 2, 3, ...).
	Alkanes have the molecular formula C<sub>'''''n'''''</sub>H<sub>2'''''n'''''+2</sub>, where:
	*C is Carbon.
	*H is Hydrogen.
	*'''''n''''' refers to the ~~number~~ of carbon [[atom]]s.

	~~<!--T~~:3-->		Take for example the three simplest alkanes:
	~~The three simplest alkanes are~~ [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>), [[ethane]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>~~) and~~ [[propane]] (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>) which contain one, two and three carbons respectively.<ref name=brown>T. L. Brown, J. H. E. LeMay, B. E. Bursten and C. J. Murphy. Woodward, Chemistry: the central science. - 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.</ref>		{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! Name !! "n" !! Formula
			\|-
			\| [[methane]] \|\| 1 \|\| CH<sub>4</sub>
			\|-
			\|[[ethane]] \|\| 2 \|\| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
			\|-
			\| [[propane]] \|\| 3 \|\| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
			\|}


	~~<!--T:4-->~~		<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Models of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>
	<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling ~~Model~~ of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>		File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Methane\|Figure 1. Methane.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>
	File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Methane\|Figure 1. ~~Meth'''ane'''~~.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>		File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|200px\|Figure 2. Ethane.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
	File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|200px\|Figure 2. ~~Eth'''ane'''~~.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|Figure 3. Propane.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
	File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|Figure 3. ~~Prop'''ane'''~~.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>

	~~<!--T:5-->~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>


	~~<!--T:6-->~~		While these examples are very simple alkanes, larger molecules can be branched or cyclic (containing a ring of carbon atoms). The names of all alkanes end with the suffix '''-ane''' (e.g. meth'''ane'''). The chemical name of an alkane will include information about the number of carbons in the molecule (such as in the example molecules above) and their arrangement (whether there are branches on the central carbon chain, for example). <ref>"Alkanes", I. Hunt, ,[Online]. Available: http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch02/ch2-4.html#nomenclature. [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019].</ref>
	~~Alkanes~~ can be ~~recognized by their~~ '''-ane''' ~~suffix~~.

	~~<!--T:7-->~~		When two molecules have same molecular formula, but have the atoms arranged in a different way, they are called [[chemical isomer \| structural isomers]]. For example, both ''butane'' and ''2-methylpropane'' shown below have the same molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>, but have the carbon atoms arranged differently.
	When ~~there are more than 3 carbons per alkane chain, there is a possibility of forming branched chains. The different arrangements of these branched chains will~~ have ~~different nomenclature, depending mainly on where they are branching from. Molecules that have the~~ same molecular formula but ~~with~~ different ~~molecular arrangements~~ are called ~~'''~~[[chemical isomer\|structural isomers]]'''.<~~ref name=brown~~ />

	<!--T:8-->		<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Models of Two Structural Isomers" \|align=left>
	[[~~Fossil~~ fuel]]s are [[hydrocarbon]]s~~. Many of these fossil fuels include [[chemical]]s like~~ [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>)~~, [[ethane]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)~~, [[propane]] (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>), [[butane]] (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) and [[octane]] (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>)~~. All of these different components~~ of [[gasoline~~]] and [[natural gas]] are alkanes~~.		File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png \|link=butane\|Figure 4. Butane.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butane#/media/File:Butane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
			File:Isobutane3.png\|link=2-methylpropane\|200px\|Figure 2. 2-methylpropane.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobutane#/media/File:Isobutane3.png</ref>
			</gallery>

			The major components of [[fossil fuel]]s are [[hydrocarbon]]s, including alkanes such as [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>) - the major component of natural gas, [[propane]] (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>) - commonly used as BBQ fuel, [[butane]] (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) -often used as lighter fuel and [[octane]] (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>) - an important component of gasoline.

	~~<!--T:9-->~~
	To learn more about alkanes, click [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes here].		To learn more about alkanes, click [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes here].

	==References== ~~<!--T:10-->~~		==References==
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Jmdonev at 17:19, 15 April 2018

2018-04-15T17:19:05Z

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	<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>		<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>
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Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-04-14T21:17:41Z

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Jmdonev at 02:19, 10 April 2018

2018-04-10T02:19:08Z

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	<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>		<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>
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	<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>		<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>
	File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Methane\|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>		File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Methane\|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>
	File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|200px\|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
	File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>

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Jmdonev at 22:35, 4 January 2018

2018-01-04T22:35:37Z

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	<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>		<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>
	File:Methane-3D-vdW.png~~\|300px~~\|link=Methane~~\|150px~~\|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>		File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Methane\|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>
	File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane~~\|200px~~\|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
	File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane~~\|250px~~\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
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Jmdonev at 22:33, 4 January 2018

2018-01-04T22:33:35Z

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	<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>		<gallery mode = " packed" \| caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" \|align=left>
	File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|300px\|link=Methane\|150px\|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>		File:Methane-3D-vdW.png\|300px\|link=Methane\|150px\|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>
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	File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|250px\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|250px\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
	</gallery>		</gallery>


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Jmdonev at 22:32, 4 January 2018

2018-01-04T22:32:49Z

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	File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|200px\|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png\|link=Ethane\|200px\|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
	File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|250px\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>		File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png\|link=Propane\|250px\|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>

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Jmdonev at 01:53, 29 August 2017

2017-08-29T01:53:39Z

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	<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>		<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>
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2017-08-29T01:46:42Z

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<onlyinclude>An '''alkane''' is a type of [[hydrocarbon]] that contain only single bonds. Alkanes are true hydrocarbons, meaning they are made up of nothing but [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude><ref>“Alkanes,” Chemistry LibreTexts, 28-Nov-2016. [Online]. Available: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes. [Accessed: 19-May-2017].</ref> Alkanes can also be referred to as ''[[saturated hydrocarbons]]'' since they have the most number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom.<ref name=brown/>


Alkanes have the molecular formula C'''''n'''''H2'''''n'''''+2, where:
*C is Carbon.
*H is Hydrogen.
*'''''n''''' refers to the number of carbon [[atom]]s.


The three simplest alkanes are [[methane]] (CH4), [[ethane]] (C2H6) and [[propane]] (C3H8) which contain one, two and three carbons respectively.<ref name=brown>T. L. Brown, J. H. E. LeMay, B. E. Bursten and C. J. Murphy. Woodward, Chemistry: the central science. - 11th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009.</ref>


<gallery mode = " packed" | caption="Space-Filling Model of the Three Simplest Alkanes" |align=left>
File:Methane-3D-vdW.png|300px|link=Methane|150px|Figure 1. Meth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Methane-3D-vdW.png</ref>
File:613px-Ethane-3D-vdW.png|link=Ethane|200px|Figure 2. Eth'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ethane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>
File:640px-Propane-3D-space-filling.png|link=Propane|250px|Figure 3. Prop'''ane'''.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Propane-3D-space-filling.png</ref>


</gallery>


Alkanes can be recognized by their '''-ane''' suffix.


When there are more than 3 carbons per alkane chain, there is a possibility of forming branched chains. The different arrangements of these branched chains will have different nomenclature, depending mainly on where they are branching from. Molecules that have the same molecular formula but with different molecular arrangements are called '''[[chemical isomer|structural isomers]]'''.<ref name=brown />


[[Fossil fuel]]s are [[hydrocarbon]]s. Many of these fossil fuels include [[chemical]]s like [[methane]] (CH4), [[ethane]] (C2H6), [[propane]] (C3H8), [[butane]] (C4H10) and [[octane]] (C8H18). All of these different components of [[gasoline]] and [[natural gas]] are alkanes.


To learn more about alkanes, click [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Alkanes here].

==References== 
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