Anti-trust legislation - Revision history

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	[[File:DOJ.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) is the legal entity that represents the United States in legal disputes, the DOJ can prosecute firms that violate antitrust laws based on investigation from other federal bodies such as the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) or the [[Securities Exchange Commission]] (SEC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.png [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]		[[File:DOJ.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) is the legal entity that represents the United States in legal disputes, the DOJ can prosecute firms that violate antitrust laws based on investigation from other federal bodies such as the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) or the [[Securities Exchange Commission]] (SEC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.png [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Anti-trust legislation''' or '''competition law''' exists to promote and ensure the freedom and competitiveness of [[market]]s, by discouraging any practice or market structure that would reduce competition in the market.</onlyinclude><ref>J.Black, N. Hashimzade, and G. Myles. (2009) "Antitrust." [Online], Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199237043.001.0001/acref-9780199237043-e-88?rskey=VbbqNW&result=2, 2009 [June 28, 2016]</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Anti-trust legislation''' or '''competition law''' exists to promote and ensure the freedom and competitiveness of [[market]]s, by discouraging any practice or market structure that would reduce competition in the market.</onlyinclude><ref>J.Black, N. Hashimzade, and G. Myles. (2009) "Antitrust." [Online], Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199237043.001.0001/acref-9780199237043-e-88?rskey=VbbqNW&result=2, 2009 [June 28, 2016]</ref>

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For Further Reading

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	[[File:DOJ.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) is the legal entity that represents the United States in legal disputes, the DOJ can prosecute firms that violate antitrust laws based on investigation from other federal bodies such as the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) or the [[Securities Exchange Commission]] (SEC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.png [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]		[[File:DOJ.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) is the legal entity that represents the United States in legal disputes, the DOJ can prosecute firms that violate antitrust laws based on investigation from other federal bodies such as the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) or the [[Securities Exchange Commission]] (SEC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.png [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Anti-trust legislation''' or '''competition law''' exists to promote and ensure the freedom and competitiveness of [[market]]s, by discouraging any practice or market structure that would reduce competition in the market.</onlyinclude><ref>J.Black, N. Hashimzade, and G. Myles. (2009) "Antitrust." [Online], Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199237043.001.0001/acref-9780199237043-e-88?rskey=VbbqNW&result=2, 2009 [June 28, 2016]</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Anti-trust legislation''' or '''competition law''' exists to promote and ensure the freedom and competitiveness of [[market]]s, by discouraging any practice or market structure that would reduce competition in the market.</onlyinclude><ref>J.Black, N. Hashimzade, and G. Myles. (2009) "Antitrust." [Online], Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199237043.001.0001/acref-9780199237043-e-88?rskey=VbbqNW&result=2, 2009 [June 28, 2016]</ref>

	[[File:FTC.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. The [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) is an independant governmental body that is empowered to investigate market activities and enforce certain laws and may pass investigations on to the [[~~The department~~ of ~~justice~~ \| DOJ]] for further action.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US-FederalTradeCommission-Seal.svg [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]		[[File:FTC.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. The [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) is an independant governmental body that is empowered to investigate market activities and enforce certain laws and may pass investigations on to the [[Department of Justice\| DOJ]] for further action.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US-FederalTradeCommission-Seal.svg [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]

	To ensure the competitiveness of a market, anti-trust legislation makes certain practices illegal. Some of these practices are [[price]] fixing, [[price discrimination]], [[collusion]], [[monopoly \| monopolies]] and mergers of certain sizes.		To ensure the competitiveness of a market, anti-trust legislation makes certain practices illegal. Some of these practices are [[price]] fixing, [[price discrimination]], [[collusion]], [[monopoly \| monopolies]] and mergers of certain sizes.
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	Each country has its own legal or administrative body that investigates and enforces their antitrust laws. Each body is empowered with a certain range of powers, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) can act under a number of statutes such as the '''Clayton Act''' or '''Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005'''.<ref>Federal Trade Commission. "Statutes Enforced or Administered by the Commission." [Online], Available: https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/statutes [Aug 20, 2016]</ref> Likewise, in Canada, the [[Competition bureau \| Competition Bureau]] performs similar duties under similar statutes.<ref>Competition Bureau. "Our Organization." [Online], Available: http://www.competitionbureau.gc.ca/eic/site/cb-bc.nsf/eng/h_00125.html, Nov 2015 [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>		Each country has its own legal or administrative body that investigates and enforces their antitrust laws. Each body is empowered with a certain range of powers, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) can act under a number of statutes such as the '''Clayton Act''' or '''Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005'''.<ref>Federal Trade Commission. "Statutes Enforced or Administered by the Commission." [Online], Available: https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/statutes [Aug 20, 2016]</ref> Likewise, in Canada, the [[Competition bureau \| Competition Bureau]] performs similar duties under similar statutes.<ref>Competition Bureau. "Our Organization." [Online], Available: http://www.competitionbureau.gc.ca/eic/site/cb-bc.nsf/eng/h_00125.html, Nov 2015 [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>

	==~~See Also~~==		==For Further Reading==
	*[[Monopoly]]		*[[Monopoly]]
			*[[Monopsony]]
	*[[Cartel]]		*[[Cartel]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			[[Category: Uploaded]]

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[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]
[[File:DOJ.png|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. The [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) is the legal entity that represents the United States in legal disputes, the DOJ can prosecute firms that violate antitrust laws based on investigation from other federal bodies such as the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) or the [[Securities Exchange Commission]] (SEC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Justice.png [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Anti-trust legislation''' or '''competition law''' exists to promote and ensure the freedom and competitiveness of [[market]]s, by discouraging any practice or market structure that would reduce competition in the market.</onlyinclude><ref>J.Black, N. Hashimzade, and G. Myles. (2009) "Antitrust." [Online], Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199237043.001.0001/acref-9780199237043-e-88?rskey=VbbqNW&result=2, 2009 [June 28, 2016]</ref>

[[File:FTC.png|300px|thumb|right|Figure 1. The [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) is an independant governmental body that is empowered to investigate market activities and enforce certain laws and may pass investigations on to the [[The department of justice | DOJ]] for further action.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US-FederalTradeCommission-Seal.svg [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>]]

To ensure the competitiveness of a market, anti-trust legislation makes certain practices illegal. Some of these practices are [[price]] fixing, [[price discrimination]], [[collusion]], [[monopoly | monopolies]] and mergers of certain sizes.

If two firms decide to [[merger | merge]] into one large firm then the deal will have to meet the limits of the anti-trust legislation. If the new firm becomes too large and has [[market power]] then it would not be allowed because it would eliminate the competitiveness that existed between the two companies before the merger and decrease the overall competitiveness of the market itself.<ref>Investopedia. "Antitrust." [Online], Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/antitrust.asp?ad=dirN&qo=investopediaSiteSearch&qsrc=0&o=40186[June 28, 2016].</ref>

Anti-trust legation is designed to ensure fairness and efficiency in the market. Market structures such as monopolies restrict supply and raise the price of [[goods and services|goods]], without competition consumers are forced to pay these higher prices for the goods they need.

==Collusion==
Antitrust law seeks to discourage collusion of any sort, it can be as severe as secret deals to manipulate the market or merely discussing pricing or market strategies with competitors.<ref>A. Goolsbee, S. Levitt and C. Syverson. ''Microeconomics''. New York: Worth Publishers, 2013, pp. 377.</ref>

The idea is that if firms compete with each other then each will raise the quality of their product and lower the price as much as possible in order to make their good or service the most appealing to consumers.

==Enforcement==
Each country has its own legal or administrative body that investigates and enforces their antitrust laws. Each body is empowered with a certain range of powers, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) can act under a number of statutes such as the '''Clayton Act''' or '''Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005'''.<ref>Federal Trade Commission. "Statutes Enforced or Administered by the Commission." [Online], Available: https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/statutes [Aug 20, 2016]</ref> Likewise, in Canada, the [[Competition bureau | Competition Bureau]] performs similar duties under similar statutes.<ref>Competition Bureau. "Our Organization." [Online], Available: http://www.competitionbureau.gc.ca/eic/site/cb-bc.nsf/eng/h_00125.html, Nov 2015 [Aug 20, 2016]</ref>

==See Also==
*[[Monopoly]]
*[[Cartel]]

==References==
{{reflist}}