Battery - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:02:45Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:02, 27 September 2021
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energy>Luisa at 22:14, 9 September 2021

2021-09-09T22:14:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:14, 9 September 2021
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	[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]] [[category:Phets]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]] [[category:Phets]]
	[[category:energy storage]]		[[category:energy storage]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Batería]]
	[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]]. Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more [[electrochemical cell]]s.</onlyinclude><ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery\|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery\|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery\|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery\|nickel-metal hydride]]. Batteries can be connected to each other in a [[series circuit]] or a [[parallel circuit]].		<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]]. Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more [[electrochemical cell]]s.</onlyinclude><ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery\|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery\|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery\|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery\|nickel-metal hydride]]. Batteries can be connected to each other in a [[series circuit]] or a [[parallel circuit]].

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-04-28T15:32:35Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:32, 28 April 2020
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energy>Jmdonev at 19:13, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T19:13:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 10 April 2020
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	[[category:Phets]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]] [[category:Phets]]
	[[category:energy storage]]		[[category:energy storage]]
	[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]
	~~[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]~~		<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]]. Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more [[electrochemical cell]]s.</onlyinclude><ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery\|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery\|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery\|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery\|nickel-metal hydride]]. Batteries can be connected to each other in a [[series circuit]] or a [[parallel circuit]].
	<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]].~~</onlyinclude>~~ Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more ~~cells~~.<ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery\|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery\|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery\|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery\|nickel-metal hydride]]. Batteries can be connected to each other in a [[series circuit]] or a [[parallel circuit]].

	There is a wide variety of batteries that are available for purchase, and these different types of batteries are used in different devices. Large batteries are used to start cars, while much smaller batteries can power hearing aids. Overall, batteries are extremely important in everyday life.		There is a wide variety of batteries that are available for purchase, and these different types of batteries are used in different devices. Large batteries are used to start cars, while much smaller batteries can power hearing aids. Overall, batteries are extremely important in everyday life.

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-18T22:53:17Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:53, 18 May 2018
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Jmdonev at 21:34, 18 May 2018

2018-05-18T21:34:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:34, 18 May 2018
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	[[category:Phets]]		[[category:Phets]]
	~~[[Category: Done 2015-09-06]]~~
	[[category:energy storage]]		[[category:energy storage]]
	[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]
			[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]
	<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]].</onlyinclude> Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more cells.<ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery\|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery\|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery\|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery\|nickel-metal hydride]].		<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]].</onlyinclude> Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more cells.<ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery\|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery\|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery\|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery\|nickel-metal hydride]]. Batteries can be connected to each other in a [[series circuit]] or a [[parallel circuit]].

	There is a wide variety of batteries that are available for purchase, and these different types of batteries are used in different devices. Large batteries are used to start cars, while much smaller batteries can power hearing aids. Overall, batteries are extremely important in everyday life.		There is a wide variety of batteries that are available for purchase, and these different types of batteries are used in different devices. Large batteries are used to start cars, while much smaller batteries can power hearing aids. Overall, batteries are extremely important in everyday life.
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	A cell is a single unit that produces electricity through some method. Generally speaking, cells generate [[power]] through a thermal, chemical or optical process.		A cell is a single unit that produces electricity through some method. Generally speaking, cells generate [[power]] through a thermal, chemical or optical process.

	A typical cell has two terminals (referred to as ''[[electrode]]s'') immersed in a chemical (referred to as the ''[[electrolyte]]''). The two electrodes are separated by a porous wall or ''bridge'' which allows electric charge to pass from one side to the other through the electrolyte. The ~~anode - the~~ negative ~~terminal - gains~~ [[electron]]s while the ~~cathode - the~~ positive ~~terminal - loses~~ electrons. This exchange of electrons allows a difference in potential - or [[voltage]] difference - to be developed between the two ~~terminals, allowing~~ electricity to flow.<ref name=A />		A typical cell has two terminals (referred to as ''[[electrode]]s'') immersed in a chemical (referred to as the ''[[electrolyte]]''). The two electrodes are separated by a porous wall or ''bridge'' which allows electric charge to pass from one side to the other through the electrolyte. The anode—the negative terminal—gains [[electron]]s while the cathode—the positive terminal—loses electrons. This exchange of electrons allows a difference in potential or [[voltage]] difference to be developed between the two terminals—allowing electricity to flow.<ref name=A />

	~~The~~ number of cells in a battery ~~can vary vastly~~, from a single cell in a AA battery, to more than 7,100 cells in the 85 kWh Tesla Model S battery.<ref>Technology Metals Research. (Accessed July 28, 2015). ''Going Natural: The Solution To Tesla’s Graphite Problem'' [Online], Available: http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2014/03/going-natural-the-solution-to-teslas-graphite-problem/</ref>		There can be a vast number of cells in a battery, from a single cell in an AA battery, to more than 7,100 cells in the 85 kWh Tesla Model S battery.<ref>Technology Metals Research. (Accessed July 28, 2015). ''Going Natural: The Solution To Tesla’s Graphite Problem'' [Online], Available: http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2014/03/going-natural-the-solution-to-teslas-graphite-problem/</ref>

	[[File:Battery.gif\|thumb\|500px\|Figure 2. A cutaway diagram, showing the anatomy of an alkaline battery.<ref>Hyperphysics. (Accessed July 28, 2015). ''Carbon-zinc batteries'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/battery.html</ref>]]		[[File:Battery.gif\|thumb\|500px\|Figure 2. A cutaway diagram, showing the anatomy of an alkaline battery.<ref>Hyperphysics. (Accessed July 28, 2015). ''Carbon-zinc batteries'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/battery.html</ref>]]
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	===Secondary cells ("wet")===		===Secondary cells ("wet")===
	This type of cell generates a current through a secondary cell in the opposite direction of the first/normal cell ~~which~~ causes the chemical action to go in reverse effectively being restored, meaning that they are '''rechargeable'''.<ref name=A /> These batteries can be more expensive to purchase, but generate less waste as they can be used several times.		This type of cell (referred to as ''wet'' due to using a liquid electrolyte) generates a current through a secondary cell in the opposite direction of the first/normal cell. This causes the chemical action to go in reverse, effectively being restored, meaning that they are '''rechargeable'''.<ref name=A /> These batteries can be more expensive to purchase but generate less waste as they can be used several times.

	==Battery Capacity==		==Battery Capacity==
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	<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 Ah will last for one [[hour]] operating at [[ampere\|1 A]].'''</center>		<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 Ah will last for one [[hour]] operating at [[ampere\|1 A]].'''</center>

	Batteries also ~~can~~ be rated by their energy capacity. This is either done in [[watt-hour]]s or kilowatt-hours.		Batteries can also be rated by their energy capacity. This is either done in [[watt-hour]]s or kilowatt-hours.
	<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 kWh will last for one hour while outputting [[watt\|1 kW]] of electricity.'''</center>		<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 kWh will last for one hour while outputting [[watt\|1 kW]] of electricity.'''</center>

	~~==Laws of configuration==~~

	*For batteries connected '''in series''' the total ''voltage'' is the sum of all the individual voltages of every battery, while the total ''[[current]]'' is the same as one individual battery<ref name=A/>.

	*For batteries connected '''in parallel''' the total ''current'' is the sum of all the individual currents of each of the batteries in the [[circuit]], while the total ''voltage'' is equivalent to just one of the batteries in the circuit<ref name=A />.

	==Phet Simulation==		==Phet Simulation==
	The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how batteries ~~keep a~~ [[~~voltage~~]] ~~by moving [[charge]] around~~:		The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how batteries work in an [[electric circuit]]:

	~~<center>~~
	<html>		<html>
			<iframe src="https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html" width="800" height="600" scrolling="no" allowfullscreen></iframe>
			</html>

	~~<div style~~=~~"position: relative; width: 300px; height: 185px;"><a href~~=~~"http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/battery-voltage/battery-voltage_en.jnlp" style~~=~~"text-decoration: none;"><img src~~=~~"http~~://phet.colorado.edu/sims/battery-voltage/battery-voltage-screenshot.png" alt="Battery Voltage" style="border: none;" width="300" height="185"/><div style="position: absolute; width: 200px; height: 80px; left: 50px; top: 52px; background-color: #FFF; opacity: 0.6; filter: alpha(opacity = 60);"></div><table style="position: absolute; width: 200px; height: 80px; left: 50px; top: 52px;"><tr><td style="text-align: center; color: #000; font-size: 24px; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Click to Run</td></tr></table></a></div>		== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:
	~~</html>~~		*[[Series circuit]]
	~~</center>~~		*[[Parallel circuit]]
			*[[Direct current]]
			*[[Dispatchable source of electricity]]
			*[[Electrical grid]]
			*[[Electric generator]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\| random page!]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:51:23Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:51, 18 September 2015
(No difference)

Kjstenho at 20:44, 3 September 2015

2015-09-03T20:44:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 3 September 2015
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	[[category:Phets]]		[[category:Phets]]
	[[Category:Done 2015-07-24]]		[[Category: Done 2015-09-06]]
	[[category:energy storage]]		[[category:energy storage]]
	[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Batterydura.jpg\|150px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]
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	==Cells==		==Cells==
	A cell is a single unit that produces electricity through some method. Generally speaking, cells generate power through a thermal, chemical or optical process.		A cell is a single unit that produces electricity through some method. Generally speaking, cells generate [[power]] through a thermal, chemical or optical process.

	A typical cell has two terminals (referred to as ''[[electrode]]s'') immersed in a chemical (referred to as the ''[[electrolyte]]''). The two electrodes are separated by a porous wall or ''bridge'' which allows electric charge to pass from one side to the other through the electrolyte. The anode - the negative terminal - gains [[electron]]s while the cathode - the positive terminal - loses electrons. This exchange of electrons allows a difference in potential - or [[voltage]] difference - to be developed between the two terminals, allowing electricity to flow.<ref name=A />		A typical cell has two terminals (referred to as ''[[electrode]]s'') immersed in a chemical (referred to as the ''[[electrolyte]]''). The two electrodes are separated by a porous wall or ''bridge'' which allows electric charge to pass from one side to the other through the electrolyte. The anode - the negative terminal - gains [[electron]]s while the cathode - the positive terminal - loses electrons. This exchange of electrons allows a difference in potential - or [[voltage]] difference - to be developed between the two terminals, allowing electricity to flow.<ref name=A />
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	==Battery Capacity==		==Battery Capacity==
	Batteries are often rated in terms of their output voltage and capacity. The capacity is how long a particular battery will last in [[Ah]] ([[Ampere hour]]s)<ref name=A />:		Batteries are often rated in terms of their output voltage and capacity. The capacity is how long a particular battery will last in [[Ah]] ([[Ampere hour]]s)<ref name=A />:
	<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 Ah will last for one hour operating at [[ampere\|1 A]].'''</center>		<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 Ah will last for one [[hour]] operating at [[ampere\|1 A]].'''</center>

	Batteries also can be rated by their energy capacity. This is either done in [[watt-hour]]s or kilowatt-hours.		Batteries also can be rated by their energy capacity. This is either done in [[watt-hour]]s or kilowatt-hours.
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	*For batteries connected '''in series''' the total ''voltage'' is the sum of all the individual voltages of every battery, while the total ''[[current]]'' is the same as one individual battery<ref name=A/>.		*For batteries connected '''in series''' the total ''voltage'' is the sum of all the individual voltages of every battery, while the total ''[[current]]'' is the same as one individual battery<ref name=A/>.

	*For batteries connected '''in parallel''' the total ''current'' is the sum of all the individual currents of each of the batteries in the circuit, while the total ''voltage'' is equivalent to just one of the batteries in the circuit<ref name=A />.		*For batteries connected '''in parallel''' the total ''current'' is the sum of all the individual currents of each of the batteries in the [[circuit]], while the total ''voltage'' is equivalent to just one of the batteries in the circuit<ref name=A />.

	==Phet Simulation==		==Phet Simulation==
	The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how batteries keep a [[voltage]] by moving charge around:		The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how batteries keep a [[voltage]] by moving [[charge]] around:

	<center>		<center>

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:47Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:30, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

J.williams at 16:40, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:40:36Z

New page

[[category:Phets]]
[[Category:Done 2015-07-24]]
[[category:energy storage]]
[[File:Batterydura.jpg|150px|thumb|Figure 1. A 9-volt battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg#/media/File:Duracell_9_Volt_0849.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>A '''battery''' is a device that stores [[energy]] and then discharges it by converting [[chemical energy]] into [[electricity]].</onlyinclude> Typical batteries most often produce electricity by [[chemical]] means through the use of one or more cells.<ref name=A>R.T. Paynter, “Basic Electric Components and Meters,” in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1rst ed. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2011, ch. 3, sec. 3.4, pp. 89-94.</ref> Many different materials can and have been used in batteries, but the common battery types are [[Alkaline battery|alkaline]], [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion]], [[Lithium-polymer battery|lithium-polymer]], and [[Nickel-metal hydride battery|nickel-metal hydride]].

There is a wide variety of batteries that are available for purchase, and these different types of batteries are used in different devices. Large batteries are used to start cars, while much smaller batteries can power hearing aids. Overall, batteries are extremely important in everyday life.

==Cells==
A cell is a single unit that produces electricity through some method. Generally speaking, cells generate power through a thermal, chemical or optical process.

A typical cell has two terminals (referred to as ''[[electrode]]s'') immersed in a chemical (referred to as the ''[[electrolyte]]''). The two electrodes are separated by a porous wall or ''bridge'' which allows electric charge to pass from one side to the other through the electrolyte. The anode - the negative terminal - gains [[electron]]s while the cathode - the positive terminal - loses electrons. This exchange of electrons allows a difference in potential - or [[voltage]] difference - to be developed between the two terminals, allowing electricity to flow.<ref name=A />

The number of cells in a battery can vary vastly, from a single cell in a AA battery, to more than 7,100 cells in the 85 kWh Tesla Model S battery.<ref>Technology Metals Research. (Accessed July 28, 2015). ''Going Natural: The Solution To Tesla’s Graphite Problem'' [Online], Available: http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2014/03/going-natural-the-solution-to-teslas-graphite-problem/</ref>

[[File:Battery.gif|thumb|500px|Figure 2. A cutaway diagram, showing the anatomy of an alkaline battery.<ref>Hyperphysics. (Accessed July 28, 2015). ''Carbon-zinc batteries'' [Online], Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/battery.html</ref>]]

===Primary cells ("dry")===
In these cells a chemical action between the electrodes and electrolyte causes a permanent change, meaning they are '''not rechargeable'''.<ref name=A /> These batteries are single use, which results in more waste from the use of these batteries since they are disposed of after a relatively short period of time.

===Secondary cells ("wet")===
This type of cell generates a current through a secondary cell in the opposite direction of the first/normal cell which causes the chemical action to go in reverse effectively being restored, meaning that they are '''rechargeable'''.<ref name=A /> These batteries can be more expensive to purchase, but generate less waste as they can be used several times.

==Battery Capacity==
Batteries are often rated in terms of their output voltage and capacity. The capacity is how long a particular battery will last in [[Ah]] ([[Ampere hour]]s)<ref name=A />:
<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 Ah will last for one hour operating at [[ampere|1 A]].'''</center>

Batteries also can be rated by their energy capacity. This is either done in [[watt-hour]]s or kilowatt-hours.
<center>'''A battery with a capacity of 1 kWh will last for one hour while outputting [[watt|1 kW]] of electricity.'''</center>

==Laws of configuration==

*For batteries connected '''in series''' the total ''voltage'' is the sum of all the individual voltages of every battery, while the total ''[[current]]'' is the same as one individual battery<ref name=A/>.

*For batteries connected '''in parallel''' the total ''current'' is the sum of all the individual currents of each of the batteries in the circuit, while the total ''voltage'' is equivalent to just one of the batteries in the circuit<ref name=A />.

==Phet Simulation==
The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how batteries keep a [[voltage]] by moving charge around:

<center>
<html>

<div style="position: relative; width: 300px; height: 185px;"><a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/battery-voltage/battery-voltage_en.jnlp" style="text-decoration: none;"><img src="http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/battery-voltage/battery-voltage-screenshot.png" alt="Battery Voltage" style="border: none;" width="300" height="185"/><div style="position: absolute; width: 200px; height: 80px; left: 50px; top: 52px; background-color: #FFF; opacity: 0.6; filter: alpha(opacity = 60);"></div><table style="position: absolute; width: 200px; height: 80px; left: 50px; top: 52px;"><tr><td style="text-align: center; color: #000; font-size: 24px; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Click to Run</td></tr></table></a></div>

</html>
</center>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]