Bituminous coal - Revision history

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For Further Reading

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	[[Category:Done ~~2017~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2018-07-20]]
	[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]		[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is ~~mid-rank type~~ of [[coal]] ~~and a black~~ [[~~fossil fuel~~]]~~. It is also~~ the most abundant type of coal~~. The~~ [[carbon]] content ~~of bituminous coal is approximately 80~~%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> ~~Usually, bituminous coal comes from fairly old coal deposits, usually around 300 000 000 years old.~~ The [[energy density]] of this coal is relatively high - 27 MJ/kg, ~~meaning that it~~ releases a significant amount of [[energy]] when [[combustion\|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>		[[Coal]] is a rock made of almost pure carbon. The coal in different deposits have different compositions, therefore, coal is classified in [[coal types\|various categories]]. <onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is the second highest quality of [[coal]] (below [[anthracite]]) and the most abundant type. Usually, bituminous coal comes from fairly old coal deposits (around 300 million years) and exhibits a [[carbon]] content that ranges from 76-86%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> The [[energy density]] of this coal is relatively high (27 MJ/kg), therefore, releases a significant amount of [[energy]] when [[combustion\|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>

	==Uses==		==Uses==
	The high carbon and low moisture content of this particular type of coal makes it ideal in the production of [[steel]] and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> There are two subtypes of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical'''~~. These two subtypes are used differently~~.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref> Thermal coal, also referred to as '''[[steam]] coal'''is slightly higher quality than metallurgical coal with a slightly higher carbon content. Specifically, thermal coal is used in [[power]] plants that produce steam for [[electricity generation]]. ~~Additionally, steam~~ powered trains were powered by thermal coal.		The high carbon and low moisture content of this particular type of coal makes it ideal in the production of [[steel]] and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> There are two subtypes (which are used differently) of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical'''.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref> Thermal coal, also referred to as '''[[steam]] coal'''is slightly higher quality than metallurgical coal with a slightly higher carbon content. Specifically, thermal coal is used in [[power]] plants that produce steam for [[electricity generation]]. Steam powered trains were also powered by thermal coal.

	Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/> This coke is a source of carbon for making steel.		Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/> This coke is a source of carbon for making steel.
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	==Hazards==		==Hazards==
	Burning bituminous coal poses serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of [[smoke]] and [[soot]] and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to [[acid rain]] through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the [[air]] as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases [[nitrogen oxide\|nitrogen oxides]] ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>		Burning bituminous coal poses serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of [[smoke]] and [[soot]] and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to [[acid rain]] through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the [[air]] as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases [[nitrogen oxide\|nitrogen oxides]] ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Carbon]]
			*[[Coal formation]]
			*[[Pollution]]
			*[[Greenhouse gas emission]]
			*[[Coal types]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:46:42Z

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Jmdonev at 04:05, 31 May 2017

2017-05-31T04:05:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 31 May 2017
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	[[Category:Done ~~2016~~-12-31]]		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
	[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]		[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is mid-rank type of [[coal]] and a black [[fossil fuel]]. It is also the most abundant type of coal. The [[carbon]] content of bituminous coal is approximately 80%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> ~~and is relatively soft. Bituminous~~ coal ~~represents a moderately~~ old ~~rank of~~ coal, ~~with approximate ages of~~ around 300 000 000 years. The [[energy density]] of this coal is relatively high - ~~6500 kcal~~/kg, meaning that it releases a significant amount of [[energy]] when [[combustion\|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is mid-rank type of [[coal]] and a black [[fossil fuel]]. It is also the most abundant type of coal. The [[carbon]] content of bituminous coal is approximately 80%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> Usually, bituminous coal comes from fairly old coal deposits, usually around 300 000 000 years old. The [[energy density]] of this coal is relatively high - 27 MJ/kg, meaning that it releases a significant amount of [[energy]] when [[combustion\|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>

	There are two subtypes of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical~~'''. Thermal coal can also be called '''[[steam]] coal~~'''. These ~~two types of coal differ as steam coal is slightly higher quality with a slightly higher carbon content. This results in the~~ two subtypes ~~being~~ used differently.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref>		==Uses==
			The high carbon and low moisture content of this particular type of coal makes it ideal in the production of [[steel]] and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> There are two subtypes of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical'''. These two subtypes are used differently.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref> Thermal coal, also referred to as '''[[steam]] coal'''is slightly higher quality than metallurgical coal with a slightly higher carbon content. Specifically, thermal coal is used in [[power]] plants that produce steam for [[electricity generation]]. Additionally, steam powered trains were powered by thermal coal.

	~~==Uses==~~		Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/> This coke is a source of carbon for making steel.
	The high carbon and low moisture content of this [[fuel]] makes it ideal in the production of [[steel]] and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> Specifically, thermal coal is used in [[power]] plants that produce steam for [[electricity generation]]. Additionally, steam powered trains tend to be powered by thermal coal. Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/>

	==Hazards==		==Hazards==
	~~The burning of~~ bituminous coal ~~can pose~~ serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of [[smoke]] and [[soot]] and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to [[acid rain]] through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal ~~can contain the mineral pyrite which~~ can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the [[air]] as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases [[nitrogen oxide\|nitrogen oxides]] ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>		Burning bituminous coal poses serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of [[smoke]] and [[soot]] and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to [[acid rain]] through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the [[air]] as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases [[nitrogen oxide\|nitrogen oxides]] ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]
	~~[[category: Ed edit]]~~

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-01-08T23:36:31Z

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Jmdonev at 03:17, 31 December 2016

2016-12-31T03:17:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:17, 31 December 2016
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-06-01]]		[[Category:Done 2016-12-31]]
	[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]		[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is ~~a black~~ [[~~fossil fuel~~]] and a ~~mid-rank type of~~ [[~~coal~~]]. It is also the most abundant type of coal. ~~This type~~ of coal is ~~relatively soft, and its carbon content is about~~ 80%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> ~~Also, bituminous~~ coal represents a moderately old rank of coal, with approximate ages of around 300 000 000 years. The [[energy density]] of ~~bituminous~~ coal is relatively high - 6500 kcal/kg, meaning that it releases a significant amount of energy when [[combustion\|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is mid-rank type of [[coal]] and a black [[fossil fuel]]. It is also the most abundant type of coal. The [[carbon]] content of bituminous coal is approximately 80%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> and is relatively soft. Bituminous coal represents a moderately old rank of coal, with approximate ages of around 300 000 000 years. The [[energy density]] of this coal is relatively high - 6500 kcal/kg, meaning that it releases a significant amount of [[energy]] when [[combustion\|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>

	There are two subtypes of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical'''. Thermal coal can also be called '''steam coal'''. These two types of coal differ as steam coal is slightly higher quality with a slightly higher carbon content. This results in the two subtypes being used differently.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref>		There are two subtypes of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical'''. Thermal coal can also be called '''[[steam]] coal'''. These two types of coal differ as steam coal is slightly higher quality with a slightly higher carbon content. This results in the two subtypes being used differently.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref>

	==Uses==		==Uses==
	The high carbon and low moisture content of this fuel makes it ideal in the production of steel and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> Specifically, thermal coal is used in power plants that produce steam for electricity generation. Additionally, steam powered trains tend to be powered by thermal coal. Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/>		The high carbon and low moisture content of this [[fuel]] makes it ideal in the production of [[steel]] and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> Specifically, thermal coal is used in [[power]] plants that produce steam for [[electricity generation]]. Additionally, steam powered trains tend to be powered by thermal coal. Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/>

	==Hazards==		==Hazards==
	The burning of bituminous coal can pose serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of smoke and soot, and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to acid rain through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal can contain the mineral pyrite which can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the air as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases nitrogen oxides ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>		The burning of bituminous coal can pose serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of [[smoke]] and [[soot]] and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to [[acid rain]] through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal can contain the mineral pyrite which can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the [[air]] as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases [[nitrogen oxide\|nitrogen oxides]] ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]
			[[category: Ed edit]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:49Z

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J.williams at 16:49, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:49:05Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-06-01]]
[[File:640px-Bituminous_Coal.jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. Lump of bituminous coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal'' [Online]. Available:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG</ref> ]]
<onlyinclude>'''Bituminous coal''' is a black [[fossil fuel]] and a mid-rank type of [[coal]]. It is also the most abundant type of coal. This type of coal is relatively soft, and its carbon content is about 80%.</onlyinclude><ref>J. Kraushaar, R. Ristinen. (May 11, 2015).''Energy and the Environment'', 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006</ref> Also, bituminous coal represents a moderately old rank of coal, with approximate ages of around 300 000 000 years. The [[energy density]] of bituminous coal is relatively high - 6500 kcal/kg, meaning that it releases a significant amount of energy when [[combustion|burned]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>

There are two subtypes of bituminous coal: '''thermal''' and '''metallurgical'''. Thermal coal can also be called '''steam coal'''. These two types of coal differ as steam coal is slightly higher quality with a slightly higher carbon content. This results in the two subtypes being used differently.<ref name="RE1">Wendy Lyons Sunshine. (May 13, 2015). ''Bituminous Coal Characteristics'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.about.com/od/Coal/a/Bituminous-Coal.htm</ref>

==Uses==
The high carbon and low moisture content of this fuel makes it ideal in the production of steel and cement, as well as in [[electricity]] generation and [[coke]] production.<ref>Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences. (May 11, 2015). ''Four Billion Years and Counting: Canada's Geological Heritage'', 1st ed. Toronto, ON, Canada.: Nimbus Publishing, 2014</ref> Specifically, thermal coal is used in power plants that produce steam for electricity generation. Additionally, steam powered trains tend to be powered by thermal coal. Metallurgical coal is referred to as '''coking coal''' and is used in the production of coke.<ref name="RE1"/>

==Hazards==
The burning of bituminous coal can pose serious health risks. First, this type of coal produces excessive amounts of smoke and soot, and its high [[sulfur]] content contributes to acid rain through the release of sulfur oxides ([[SOx]]). As well, bituminous coal can contain the mineral pyrite which can contain harmful impurities such as [[arsenic]] and [[mercury]], and these impurities are released into the air as [[pollution]] when the coal is burned. Burning bituminous coal also releases nitrogen oxides ([[NOx]]), [[carbon monoxide]], and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="RE1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]