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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:19, 18 February 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2016~~-01-15]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	''This page discusses reservoirs that exchange carbon through output and intake - to learn solely about the intake of carbon, see [[Carbon sink]].''		''This page discusses reservoirs that exchange carbon through output and intake - to learn solely about the intake of carbon, see [[Carbon sink]].''

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	The Earth's '''atmospheric reservoir''' is kept as a broad category, however it is perhaps the most crucial one. Prior to the Industrial Revolution it contained around 590 GtC; it now contains around 830 GtC.<ref name=cc/> Although this is considerably less than the carbon contained in the ocean and crust, the carbon content in the atmosphere is of critical importance due to its effects on the [[greenhouse effect]] and climate.<ref name=nh/> There are various reasons for the drastic increase in atmospheric carbon which is explored in detail [[carbon cycle\|here]].		The Earth's '''atmospheric reservoir''' is kept as a broad category, however it is perhaps the most crucial one. Prior to the Industrial Revolution it contained around 590 GtC; it now contains around 830 GtC.<ref name=cc/> Although this is considerably less than the carbon contained in the ocean and crust, the carbon content in the atmosphere is of critical importance due to its effects on the [[greenhouse effect]] and climate.<ref name=nh/> There are various reasons for the drastic increase in atmospheric carbon which is explored in detail [[carbon cycle\|here]].

	==~~See also~~==		==For Further Reading==
	To learn about how carbon is exchanged between these different pools visit:		To learn about how carbon is exchanged between these different pools visit:

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	*[[Global warming]]		*[[Global warming]]
	*[[glacier#Receding Glaciers\|Glacial retreat]]		*[[glacier#Receding Glaciers\|Glacial retreat]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 03:32, 3 January 2016

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New page

[[Category:Done 2016-01-15]]
''This page discusses reservoirs that exchange carbon through output and intake - to learn solely about the intake of carbon, see [[Carbon sink]].''

<onlyinclude>'''Carbon pools''' are reservoirs of [[carbon]] that have the capacity to both take in ''and'' release carbon.<ref name=fao>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ''Forests and Climate Change'' [Online], Available: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac836e/AC836E03.htm</ref></onlyinclude> There are four very broad global carbon pools which encompass many complex systems which will be discussed on this page. Each of these pools exchange carbon with one another, known as '''[[carbon flux]]es''', comprising what is known as the global [[carbon cycle]].<ref name=nh>University of New Hampshire GLOBE Carbon Cycle. (Accessed December 29, 2015). ''Pools, Fluxes and a word about units'' [Online], Available: http://globecarboncycle.unh.edu/CarbonPoolsFluxes.shtml</ref>

<gallery caption="Earth's carbon pools" mode=packed heights=130px>
File:Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg|The ocean (~37,000 GtC).<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg</ref>
File:forest.jpg|Terrestrial ecosystems (~3,000 GtC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Podlaskie_-_Czarna_Bia%C5%82ostocka_-_Puszcza_Knyszy%C5%84ska_-_G%C3%B3ry_Czuma%C5%BCowskie_-_E_-_v-NW.JPG</ref>
File:carbonrocks.jpg|Earth's crust (sedimentary rocks ~75,000,000 GtC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Quebrada_de_Cafayate%2C_Salta_%28Argentina%29.jpg</ref>
File:Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg|The atmosphere (~830 GtC).<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

The amount of carbon in these carbon pools is measured in [[gigatonne]]s (GtC): 1 gigatonne, or 1 trillion kilograms of carbon, is equal to the weight of around 200 million elephants! Another interesting way to think about a GtC:

*Consider the world population (~7.3 billion humans) at an average mass of 60 kg. Assuming an 18% carbon composition of the body,<ref>LiveScience. ''The Chemistry of Life: The Human Body'' [Online], Available: http://www.livescience.com/3505-chemistry-life-human-body.html</ref> all of the humans on Earth would only make about 0.07 gigatonnes of carbon!

To get an even better visualization of such a large number, [[gigatonne|click here]].

==Earth's pools and their carbon content==
===Earth's crust===
Earth's uppermost [[cross section of the Earth|layer]], the crust, makes up the vast majority of carbon and can be looked at in two different categories:<ref name=cc>M. Melieres and C. Marechal, "Warming in the 20th century," in ''Climate Change: Past, Present and Future'' 1st ed., U.K.: Wiley, 2015, ch.29, sec.1, pp. 298-301</ref>
#An inorganic reservoir of carbonate rock, estimated to hold 50,000,000 to 100,000,000 GtC (Gigatonnes of Carbon).
#A "fossil" reservoir of [[organic molecule|organic matter]] which contains the world's [[fossil fuel]]s - such as [[coal]], [[oil]], and [[natural gas]] - which formed over millions of years (see [[oil formation]] for more information) and is currently being depleted by humans. The ''[[reserve]]s'' of these fossil fuels contains 1000-2000 GtC. Normally there would be no flux of this carbon into the carbon cycle, however through human actions this carbon is introduced into the other carbon pools unnaturally.

===Terrestrial ecosystems===
The portion of the Earth with living material creates a reservoir consisting of younger living matter, mostly plants, which includes above-ground matter (450-650 GtC) and below-ground organic matter (1500-2400 GtC). This living matter includes plants, animals, soils and micro-organisms.<ref name=nh/>

===Ocean Reservoirs===
There are 3 subdivisions of '''ocean reservoirs''':<ref name=cc/>
#Living matter, mostly found near the surface, consisting of roughly 3 GtC.
#Carbon dissolved throughout the ocean, where the majority of the carbon is, at around 37,000 GtC.
#Sedimentary matter, containing mostly carbonates.

===Atmospheric Reservoir===
The Earth's '''atmospheric reservoir''' is kept as a broad category, however it is perhaps the most crucial one. Prior to the Industrial Revolution it contained around 590 GtC; it now contains around 830 GtC.<ref name=cc/> Although this is considerably less than the carbon contained in the ocean and crust, the carbon content in the atmosphere is of critical importance due to its effects on the [[greenhouse effect]] and climate.<ref name=nh/> There are various reasons for the drastic increase in atmospheric carbon which is explored in detail [[carbon cycle|here]].

==See also==
To learn about how carbon is exchanged between these different pools visit:

*[[Carbon cycle]]
*[[Natural carbon cycle]]

To learn about effects that changes in these cycles bring about, see:

*[[Ocean heat]]
*[[Ocean acidification]]
*[[Global warming]]
*[[glacier#Receding Glaciers|Glacial retreat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

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