Coal formation - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2019-01-04T18:15:19Z

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2dev>Ashley.Sheardown at 19:04, 19 December 2018

2018-12-19T19:04:33Z

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	<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[~~timescale~~ of the universe\|time]], ~~with~~ coal ~~beginning to form~~ 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)		[[Category: Ashley edit]]
			<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[time scale of the universe\|time]] (on the order of a few million years), and the first coal-bearing rock units appeared about 290-360 ''million'' years ago, at a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)

	The formation of [[coal]] begins in areas of swampy wetlands where [[groundwater]] is near or slightly above the topsoil. Because of this, the [[flora]] present produces organic matter quickly - faster in fact than it can be decomposed.<ref name="RE2"/> In these areas, layers of organic matter are accumulated and then buried. It is these layers of organic material that then form coal. The energy in coal initially comes from the [[Sun]], and is energy from [[sunlight]] trapped by dead plants.<ref name="wolfson"/>		The formation of [[coal]] begins in areas of swampy wetlands where [[groundwater]] is near or slightly above the topsoil. Because of this, the [[flora]] present produces organic matter quickly - faster in fact than it can be decomposed.<ref name="RE2"/> In these areas, layers of organic matter are accumulated and then buried. It is these layers of organic material that then form coal. The energy in coal initially comes from the [[Sun]], and is energy from [[sunlight]] trapped by dead plants.<ref name="wolfson"/>

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-07-21T01:13:09Z

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Jmdonev at 04:46, 20 July 2018

2018-07-20T04:46:02Z

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	<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[timescale of the universe\|time]], with coal beginning to form 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)		<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[timescale of the universe\|time]], with coal beginning to form 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)

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	[[File:CoalFormation.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 2. General trends that produce coal with the different types of coal that exist.<ref>Adapted from ''How is Coal Formed?''. Available: https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm</ref>]]		[[File:CoalFormation.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 2. General trends that produce coal with the different types of coal that exist.<ref>Adapted from ''How is Coal Formed?''. Available: https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm</ref>]]

	In order to get a sense of how long ago coal started forming please see the [http://www.chronozoom.com chronozoom visualization].		In order to get a sense of how long ago coal started forming please see the [http://www.chronozoom.com chronozoom] visualization and look at the Carboniferous period.

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Coal formation]]
			*[[Coal]]
			*[[Fossil fuel]]
			*[[Mine mouth]]
			*[[Energy density]]
			*[[Hydrocarbon combustion]]
			*[[Coal types]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]


	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev at 12:54, 2 July 2018

2018-07-02T12:54:45Z

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	[[File:CoalFormation.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 2. General trends that produce coal with the different types of coal that exist.<ref>Adapted from ''How is Coal Formed?''. Available: https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm</ref>]]		[[File:CoalFormation.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 2. General trends that produce coal with the different types of coal that exist.<ref>Adapted from ''How is Coal Formed?''. Available: https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm</ref>]]

	In order to get a sense of how long ago coal started forming please see the [http://www.chronozoom.com chronozoom] ~~visualization below:~~		In order to get a sense of how long ago coal started forming please see the [http://www.chronozoom.com chronozoom visualization].
	~~<html>~~
	<iframe src="http://www.chronozoom.com/#/t00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/t48fbb8a8-7c5d-49c3-83e1-98939ae2ae67/tbc082f40-c56c-4934-8132-41a7534f5a12/tbf4bac4b-2ead-4b6f-a75d-c61c61fc53d3/tf24c9b18-198d-4d0a-9a1e-7b46841e5f1f@x=0.22724137931034483&y=-0.3378292806484289&w=0.2179655172413793&h=0.~~6734683205895391~~
	~~" width="810" height="600"></iframe></html>~~

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-01-08T23:36:32Z

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Jmdonev at 03:23, 31 December 2016

2016-12-31T03:23:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:23, 31 December 2016
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	<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[timescale of the universe\|time]], with coal beginning to form 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)		<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[timescale of the universe\|time]], with coal beginning to form 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)

	The formation of coal begins in swampy ~~mires or~~ wetlands where [[groundwater]] is near or slightly above the topsoil. Because of this, the flora present produces organic matter quickly - faster in fact than it can be decomposed.<ref name="RE2"/> In these areas, layers of organic matter are accumulated and then buried. It is these layers of organic material that then form coal. The energy in coal initially comes from the [[Sun]], and is energy from [[sunlight]] trapped by dead plants.<ref name="wolfson"/>		The formation of [[coal]] begins in areas of swampy wetlands where [[groundwater]] is near or slightly above the topsoil. Because of this, the [[flora]] present produces organic matter quickly - faster in fact than it can be decomposed.<ref name="RE2"/> In these areas, layers of organic matter are accumulated and then buried. It is these layers of organic material that then form coal. The energy in coal initially comes from the [[Sun]], and is energy from [[sunlight]] trapped by dead plants.<ref name="wolfson"/>

	==Process==		==Process==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2016-02-18T04:31:13Z

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Jmdonev at 19:30, 28 December 2015

2015-12-28T19:30:30Z

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	[[File:CoalLump.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump coal.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 11, 2015). ''Coal Lump''. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coal_lump.jpg#/media/File:Coal_lump.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[timescale of the universe\|time]], with coal beginning to form 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)		<onlyinclude>'''Coal''' is a solid, black, readily [[combustion\|combustible]] [[fossil fuel]] that contains a large amount of [[carbon\|carbon-based]] material - approximately 50% of its weight.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson.''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref><ref name="RE2"> R.H. Affolter, J.R. Hatch. (May 11, 2015). ''Geologic Overview'' [Online]. Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1625d/Chapter_C.pdf</ref> The formation of [[coal]] takes a significant amount of [[timescale of the universe\|time]], with coal beginning to form 290-360 ''million'' years ago, in a time known as the Carboniferous or "coal-bearing" Period.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Planet Energies. (May 11, 2015). ''How Coal is Formed'' [Online]. Available: http://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/explanations/how-coal-formed-process-spanning-eras</ref> As well, there are extensive coal deposits from the Cretaceous age - about 65 to 144 million years ago.<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 12, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> (Please see the timeline at the bottom of the page.)

	The formation of coal begins in swampy mires or wetlands where groundwater is near or slightly above the topsoil. Because of this, the flora present produces organic matter quickly - faster in fact than it can be decomposed.<ref name="RE2"/> In these areas, layers of organic matter are accumulated and then buried. It is these layers of organic material that then form coal. The energy in coal initially comes from the Sun, and is energy from sunlight trapped by dead plants.<ref name="wolfson"/>		The formation of coal begins in swampy mires or wetlands where [[groundwater]] is near or slightly above the topsoil. Because of this, the flora present produces organic matter quickly - faster in fact than it can be decomposed.<ref name="RE2"/> In these areas, layers of organic matter are accumulated and then buried. It is these layers of organic material that then form coal. The energy in coal initially comes from the [[Sun]], and is energy from [[sunlight]] trapped by dead plants.<ref name="wolfson"/>

	==Process==		==Process==

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:55Z

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