Conduction - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:03:07Z

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energy>Ethan.boechler at 20:02, 10 September 2021

2021-09-10T20:02:05Z

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	[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
			[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Conduction]]
	[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg\|frame\|right\|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity.<ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]		[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg\|frame\|right\|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity.<ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:		<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-01-31T05:10:08Z

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Energy>Jmdonev at 22:51, 26 January 2020

2020-01-26T22:51:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:51, 26 January 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-08-03]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
	[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg\|frame\|right\|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity <ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]		[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg\|frame\|right\|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity.<ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:		<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:
	*[[Thermal conduction]]: the physical property of [[heat]] moving through material<ref name=thermal> Boston University. (1998). ''Heat Transfer, and The First Law of Thermodynamic'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/notes/Heattransfer.html</ref>		*[[Thermal conduction]]: the physical property of [[heat]] moving through material<ref name=thermal> Boston University. (1998). ''Heat Transfer, and The First Law of Thermodynamic'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/notes/Heattransfer.html</ref>
	*[[Electrical conduction]]: the physical property of [[electricity]] moving through material</onlyinclude><ref name = virg> Virginia Universiy. ''Electrical Conduction'' [Online]. Available: http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter19.htm</ref>		*[[Electrical conduction]]: the physical property of [[electricity]] moving through material</onlyinclude><ref name = virg> Virginia Universiy. ''Electrical Conduction'' [Online]. Available: http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter19.htm</ref>

	The word [[conductor]] usually means a material with high [[electrical conductivity]] (low [[resistivity]]). However, most electric conductors (usually [[metal]]s), are good thermal conductors as well.<ref name = ecooling> Electronics Cooling. (2000). ''How Thermal Conductivity Relates to Electrical Conductivity'' [Online]. Available: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2000/05/how-thermal-conductivity-relates-to-electrical-conductivity/</ref> For example, [[copper]] is both an excellent thermal conductor and electrical conductor.		The word [[conductor]] usually means a material with high [[electrical conductivity]] (low [[resistivity]]). However, most electric conductors (usually [[metal]]s), are good thermal conductors as well.<ref name = ecooling> Electronics Cooling. (2000). ''How Thermal Conductivity Relates to Electrical Conductivity'' [Online]. Available: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2000/05/how-thermal-conductivity-relates-to-electrical-conductivity/</ref> For example, [[copper]] is both an excellent thermal conductor and electrical conductor. A simple [[model]] that explains this relationship (a good conceptual model, but it skips some important details) is pretending that the electrons in the metal behave like a gas that are free to move and carry both electric current and heat.

			==Ratio of Thermal to Electrical Conductivity==
			The values for thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity for many metals depend on temperature. The higher the temperature the greater the thermal conduction (compared to electrical conduction). This linear relationship can be expressed and compared using a ratio known as the '''Wiedemann-Franz law'''. This ratio is expressed as:<ref name=hp>HyperPhysics. (May 12, 2015). ''Thermal Conductivity'' [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/thercond.html</ref>

			<center><big><math> \frac{\kappa}{\sigma}= LT = \frac{\pi^2 k^2}{3 e^2} T = 2.45\times 10^{-8} \frac{\textrm{W}\Omega}{\textrm{K}^2} T </math></big></center>

			Where:

			* <math>L</math> is a constant known as the ''Lorentz number'', equal to <math>2.45\times 10^{-8} \frac{\textrm{W}\Omega}{\textrm{K}^2}</math>
			* <math>\kappa</math> is the thermal conductivity of the material
			* <math>\sigma</math> is the [[electrical conductivity]] of the material
			* <math>T</math> is the temperature of the material, in Kelvin
			* <math>k</math> is the [[Boltzmann's constant]]
			* <math>e</math> is the elementary charge of an [[electron]]


	The reverse is usually but not always true;<ref name=ecooling /> for example, diamonds are excellent thermal conductors (even better than copper) but usually [[electrical insulator]]s. Although at very low temperatures a research group found <ref>Ekimov et al., "Superconductivity in diamond" in ''Nature'', Vol. 428, New York: MacMillan, 2004, pp. 542-5. Available: http://www.nims.go.jp/NFM/paper1/SuperconductingDiamond/01nature02449.pdf</ref> showing that diamonds can become [[superconductor]]s below 4 [[Kelvin\|K]] (superconductivity is specifically a description of electrical conduction, not thermal conduction).		The reverse is usually but not always true;<ref name=ecooling /> for example, diamonds are excellent thermal conductors (even better than copper) but usually [[electrical insulator]]s. Although at very low temperatures a research group found <ref>Ekimov et al., "Superconductivity in diamond" in ''Nature'', Vol. 428, New York: MacMillan, 2004, pp. 542-5. Available: http://www.nims.go.jp/NFM/paper1/SuperconductingDiamond/01nature02449.pdf</ref> showing that diamonds can become [[superconductor]]s below 4 [[Kelvin\|K]] (superconductivity is specifically a description of electrical conduction, not thermal conduction).
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	*[[Electrical conduction]]		*[[Electrical conduction]]
	*[[Conductor]]		*[[Conductor]]
	*[[~~Resistor~~]]		*[[R-value]]
	*[[~~Electrical insulator~~]]		*[[Fibrous insulation]]
	*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]		*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-09-03T22:23:36Z

1 revision imported

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energy>Jmdonev at 21:50, 12 August 2018

2018-08-12T21:50:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:50, 12 August 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2018-08-03]]
	[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg\|frame\|right\|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity <ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]		[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg\|frame\|right\|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity <ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:		<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:
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	*[[Electrical conduction]]: the physical property of [[electricity]] moving through material</onlyinclude><ref name = virg> Virginia Universiy. ''Electrical Conduction'' [Online]. Available: http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter19.htm</ref>		*[[Electrical conduction]]: the physical property of [[electricity]] moving through material</onlyinclude><ref name = virg> Virginia Universiy. ''Electrical Conduction'' [Online]. Available: http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter19.htm</ref>

	The word [[conductor]] usually means a material with high [[electrical conductivity]] (low [[resistivity]]). However, most conductors (usually [[metal]]s), are good thermal conductors as well.<ref name = ecooling> Electronics Cooling. (2000). ''How Thermal Conductivity Relates to Electrical Conductivity'' [Online]. Available: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2000/05/how-thermal-conductivity-relates-to-electrical-conductivity/</ref> For example, [[copper]] is both an excellent thermal conductor and electrical conductor.		The word [[conductor]] usually means a material with high [[electrical conductivity]] (low [[resistivity]]). However, most electric conductors (usually [[metal]]s), are good thermal conductors as well.<ref name = ecooling> Electronics Cooling. (2000). ''How Thermal Conductivity Relates to Electrical Conductivity'' [Online]. Available: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2000/05/how-thermal-conductivity-relates-to-electrical-conductivity/</ref> For example, [[copper]] is both an excellent thermal conductor and electrical conductor.

	The reverse is usually but not always true;<ref name=ecooling /> for example, diamonds are excellent thermal conductors (even better than copper) but usually [[electrical insulator]]s. Although at very low temperatures a research group found <ref>Ekimov et al., "Superconductivity in diamond" in ''Nature'', Vol. 428, New York: MacMillan, 2004, pp. 542-5. Available: http://www.nims.go.jp/NFM/paper1/SuperconductingDiamond/01nature02449.pdf</ref> showing that diamonds can become [[superconductor]]s below 4 [[Kelvin\|K]] (superconductivity is specifically a description of electrical conduction, not thermal conduction).		The reverse is usually but not always true;<ref name=ecooling /> for example, diamonds are excellent thermal conductors (even better than copper) but usually [[electrical insulator]]s. Although at very low temperatures a research group found <ref>Ekimov et al., "Superconductivity in diamond" in ''Nature'', Vol. 428, New York: MacMillan, 2004, pp. 542-5. Available: http://www.nims.go.jp/NFM/paper1/SuperconductingDiamond/01nature02449.pdf</ref> showing that diamonds can become [[superconductor]]s below 4 [[Kelvin\|K]] (superconductivity is specifically a description of electrical conduction, not thermal conduction).

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Thermal conduction]]
			*[[Electrical conduction]]
			*[[Conductor]]
			*[[Resistor]]
			*[[Electrical insulator]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:55Z

1 revision imported

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J.williams at 16:52, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:52:58Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-07-01]]
[[File:copper-wire-113249_640_resized.jpg|frame|right|Figure 1. Common metals, such as copper, display both thermal and electrical conductivity <ref> Pixabay. (2013). ''Copper-wire'' [Online]. Available: http://pixabay.com/p-113249/?no_redirect. </ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Conduction''' can refer to either:
*[[Thermal conduction]]: the physical property of [[heat]] moving through material<ref name=thermal> Boston University. (1998). ''Heat Transfer, and The First Law of Thermodynamic'' [Online]. Available: http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/notes/Heattransfer.html</ref>
*[[Electrical conduction]]: the physical property of [[electricity]] moving through material</onlyinclude><ref name = virg> Virginia Universiy. ''Electrical Conduction'' [Online]. Available: http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter19.htm</ref>

The word [[conductor]] usually means a material with high [[electrical conductivity]] (low [[resistivity]]). However, most conductors (usually [[metal]]s), are good thermal conductors as well.<ref name = ecooling> Electronics Cooling. (2000). ''How Thermal Conductivity Relates to Electrical Conductivity'' [Online]. Available: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2000/05/how-thermal-conductivity-relates-to-electrical-conductivity/</ref> For example, [[copper]] is both an excellent thermal conductor and electrical conductor.

The reverse is usually but not always true;<ref name=ecooling /> for example, diamonds are excellent thermal conductors (even better than copper) but usually [[electrical insulator]]s. Although at very low temperatures a research group found <ref>Ekimov et al., "Superconductivity in diamond" in ''Nature'', Vol. 428, New York: MacMillan, 2004, pp. 542-5. Available: http://www.nims.go.jp/NFM/paper1/SuperconductingDiamond/01nature02449.pdf</ref> showing that diamonds can become [[superconductor]]s below 4 [[Kelvin|K]] (superconductivity is specifically a description of electrical conduction, not thermal conduction).

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]