Copper - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-01-08T23:36:30Z

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Jmdonev at 01:12, 31 December 2016

2016-12-31T01:12:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:12, 31 December 2016
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	[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2016-12-31]]
	[[File:COPPER.png\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Copper, [[atomic number]] of 29 and [[atomic weight]] of 63.546.<Ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/29/copper</ref>]]		[[File:COPPER.png\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Copper, [[atomic number]] of 29 and [[atomic weight]] of 63.546.<Ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/29/copper</ref>]]
	[[File:copperore.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 2. Native copper (not combined to any other element and found naturally), approx. 4 cm in size.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:copperore.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 2. Native copper (not combined to any other element and found naturally), approx. 4 cm in size.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg</ref>]]
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	<onlyinclude>'''Copper''' ('''Cu''') is the 29<sup>th</sup> [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]], and is found fairly commonly on Earth, with approximately the same abundance as [[zinc]] and [[nickel]].</onlyinclude><ref name=pt>PeriodicTable.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Abundance in Earth's Crust of the elements'' [Online], Available: http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/CrustAbundance.v.log.html</ref> Known for its distinct color (visible in Figure 2) copper was one of the first [[metal]]s ever manipulated by humans - with evidence suggesting its use for over 11 000 years.<ref name=jeff>Jefferson Lab. (July 31, 2015). ''The Element Copper'' [Online], Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele029.html</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Copper''' ('''Cu''') is the 29<sup>th</sup> [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]], and is found fairly commonly on Earth, with approximately the same abundance as [[zinc]] and [[nickel]].</onlyinclude><ref name=pt>PeriodicTable.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Abundance in Earth's Crust of the elements'' [Online], Available: http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/CrustAbundance.v.log.html</ref> Known for its distinct color (visible in Figure 2) copper was one of the first [[metal]]s ever manipulated by humans - with evidence suggesting its use for over 11 000 years.<ref name=jeff>Jefferson Lab. (July 31, 2015). ''The Element Copper'' [Online], Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele029.html</ref>

	Copper is used in large amounts in the [[electricity]] industry in the form of [[wire]], due to its high [[electrical conductivity]] (see the table below).<ref name=jeff/> Its conductivity is second only to [[silver]], however copper is about 860 times more abundant on Earth than silver,<ref name=pt/> so it is much cheaper. Although it is used predominantly in wiring, other uses for copper include plumbing, currency, and jewelry. Copper is too soft to be used alone ~~in many materials, and~~ people discovered long ago that it can be mixed with other metals to form strong ~~alloys~~. ~~Examples of this~~ is copper~~'s mixture~~ with tin to make bronze, or with zinc to form brass.<ref name=jeff/>		Copper is used in large amounts in the [[electricity]] industry in the form of [[wire]], due to its high [[electrical conductivity]] (see the table below).<ref name=jeff/> Its conductivity is second only to [[silver]], however copper is about 860 times more abundant on Earth than silver,<ref name=pt/> so it is much cheaper. Although it is used predominantly in wiring, other uses for copper include plumbing, currency, and jewelry. Copper is too soft to be used alone for most applications but people discovered long ago that it can be mixed with other metals to form strong [[alloy]]s. The most famous examples is mixing copper with tin to make bronze, or with zinc to form brass.<ref name=jeff/>

	Some properties of copper include:<ref name=jeff/><ref>Chemistry on About.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Table of Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity'' [Online], Available: http://chemistry.about.com/od/moleculescompounds/a/Table-Of-Electrical-Resistivity-And-Conductivity.htm</ref>		Some properties of copper include:<ref name=jeff/><ref>Chemistry on About.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Table of Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity'' [Online], Available: http://chemistry.about.com/od/moleculescompounds/a/Table-Of-Electrical-Resistivity-And-Conductivity.htm</ref>
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	==Uses of Copper==		==Uses of Copper==

	The uses of copper by percentage (estimated) are shown in the Figure below.<Ref name=abt>Metals @ About.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Copper Applications'' [Online], Available: http://metals.about.com/od/properties/a/Copper-Applications.htm</ref>		The uses of copper by percentage (estimated) are shown in the Figure below.<Ref name=abt>Metals @ About.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Copper Applications'' [Online], Available: http://metals.about.com/od/properties/a/Copper-Applications.htm</ref>

	<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/copper.html' style='width:420px;height:320px;border:none;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;'></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/copper.html' style='width:420px;height:320px;border:none;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;'></iframe></html>
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	===Construction===		===Construction===
			[[File:Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010_cropped.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 5: Note the contrast of the old copper (green) and the new copper (copper) on this observatory.<ref>By Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh_East_Tower_2010.jpg: Chi And Hderivative work: Spinningspark [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons downloaded 2016-12-30</ref>]]

	Copper is the standard material for plumbing not only due to its high [[melting point]] and corrosion resistance, but also because it does not allow for the growth of bacteria or viruses. It is also [[ductile]] and easy to solder; it is easy to bend and piece together. ~~Examples of~~ copper and its alloys in construction ~~include~~ [[heat exchanger]]s, [[pipeline]]s, [[agricultural water]] systems, handles, doorknobs and other building materials, and more.<ref name=abt/>		Copper is the standard material for plumbing not only due to its high [[melting point]] and corrosion resistance, but also because it does not allow for the growth of bacteria or viruses. It is also [[ductile]] and easy to solder; it is easy to bend and piece together.

			In addition to plumbing, copper and its alloys are used in construction to make [[heat exchanger]]s, [[pipeline]]s, [[agricultural water]] systems, roofs, handles, doorknobs and other building materials, and more.<ref name=abt/>

			==Video==
			The video below is from the University of Nottingham's [http://www.periodicvideos.com/ periodic videos project].<ref>See more videos from the University of Nottingham on different elements here: http://www.periodicvideos.com/</ref> They have created a complete suite of short videos on every element on the [[periodic table of elements]].

			<html>
			<iframe width="816" height="459" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kop1sWzTK-I" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
			</html>

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{Reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: From the summer

2016-09-17T22:29:19Z

1 revision imported: From the summer

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:29, 17 September 2016
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Jmdonev at 04:03, 24 May 2016

2016-05-24T04:03:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:03, 24 May 2016
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]
	[[File:COPPER.png\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Copper, [[atomic number]] of 29 and [[atomic weight]] of 63.546.<Ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/29/copper</ref>]]		[[File:COPPER.png\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Copper, [[atomic number]] of 29 and [[atomic weight]] of 63.546.<Ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/29/copper</ref>]]
	[[File:copperore.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 2. Native copper (not combined to any other element and found naturally), approx. 4 cm in size.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:copperore.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 2. Native copper (not combined to any other element and found naturally), approx. 4 cm in size.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Copper''' ('''Cu''') is the 29<sup>th</sup> [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]], and is found fairly commonly on Earth, with approximately the same abundance as zinc and nickel.</onlyinclude><ref name=pt>PeriodicTable.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Abundance in Earth's Crust of the elements'' [Online], Available: http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/CrustAbundance.v.log.html</ref> Known for its distinct color (visible in Figure 2) copper was one of the first [[metal]]s ever manipulated by humans - with evidence suggesting its use for over 11 000 years.<ref name=jeff>Jefferson Lab. (July 31, 2015). ''The Element Copper'' [Online], Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele029.html</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Copper''' ('''Cu''') is the 29<sup>th</sup> [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]], and is found fairly commonly on Earth, with approximately the same abundance as [[zinc]] and [[nickel]].</onlyinclude><ref name=pt>PeriodicTable.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Abundance in Earth's Crust of the elements'' [Online], Available: http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/CrustAbundance.v.log.html</ref> Known for its distinct color (visible in Figure 2) copper was one of the first [[metal]]s ever manipulated by humans - with evidence suggesting its use for over 11 000 years.<ref name=jeff>Jefferson Lab. (July 31, 2015). ''The Element Copper'' [Online], Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele029.html</ref>

	Copper is used in large amounts in the [[electricity]] industry in the form of [[wire]], due to its high [[electrical conductivity]] (see the table below).<ref name=jeff/> Its conductivity is second only to [[silver]], however copper is about 860 times more abundant on Earth than silver,<ref name=pt/> so it is much cheaper. Although it is used predominantly in wiring, other uses for copper include plumbing, currency, and jewelry. Copper is too soft to be used alone in many materials, and people discovered long ago that it can be mixed with other metals to form strong alloys. Examples of this is copper's mixture with tin to make bronze, or with zinc to form brass.<ref name=jeff/>		Copper is used in large amounts in the [[electricity]] industry in the form of [[wire]], due to its high [[electrical conductivity]] (see the table below).<ref name=jeff/> Its conductivity is second only to [[silver]], however copper is about 860 times more abundant on Earth than silver,<ref name=pt/> so it is much cheaper. Although it is used predominantly in wiring, other uses for copper include plumbing, currency, and jewelry. Copper is too soft to be used alone in many materials, and people discovered long ago that it can be mixed with other metals to form strong alloys. Examples of this is copper's mixture with tin to make bronze, or with zinc to form brass.<ref name=jeff/>
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	\|-		\|-
	\| '''[[Electrical conductivity]]''' \|\| 6.30×10<sup>7</sup> σ		\| '''[[Electrical conductivity]]''' \|\| 6.30×10<sup>7</sup> σ
			\|-
			\| '''[[Embodied energy]]'''<ref name=unep>UNEP. (August 19, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> \|\| 30-90 [[megajoule\|MJ]]/[[kilogram\|kg]]
	\|}		\|}

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	===Construction===		===Construction===

	Copper is the standard material for plumbing not only due to its high [[melting point]] and corrosion resistance, but also because it does not allow for the growth of bacteria or viruses. It is also ~~malleable~~ and easy to solder; it is easy to bend and piece together. Examples of copper and its alloys in construction include [[heat exchanger]]s, [[pipeline]]s, agricultural water systems, handles, doorknobs and other building materials, and more.<ref name=abt/>		Copper is the standard material for plumbing not only due to its high [[melting point]] and corrosion resistance, but also because it does not allow for the growth of bacteria or viruses. It is also [[ductile]] and easy to solder; it is easy to bend and piece together. Examples of copper and its alloys in construction include [[heat exchanger]]s, [[pipeline]]s, [[agricultural water]] systems, handles, doorknobs and other building materials, and more.<ref name=abt/>

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{Reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:51Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
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Jmdonev at 15:20, 26 August 2015

2015-08-26T15:20:55Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
[[File:COPPER.png|200px|thumb|Figure 1. Copper, [[atomic number]] of 29 and [[atomic weight]] of 63.546.<Ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/29/copper</ref>]]
[[File:copperore.jpg|200px|thumb|Figure 2. Native copper (not combined to any other element and found naturally), approx. 4 cm in size.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Copper''' ('''Cu''') is the 29<sup>th</sup> [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements|periodic table]], and is found fairly commonly on Earth, with approximately the same abundance as zinc and nickel.</onlyinclude><ref name=pt>PeriodicTable.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Abundance in Earth's Crust of the elements'' [Online], Available: http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/CrustAbundance.v.log.html</ref> Known for its distinct color (visible in Figure 2) copper was one of the first [[metal]]s ever manipulated by humans - with evidence suggesting its use for over 11 000 years.<ref name=jeff>Jefferson Lab. (July 31, 2015). ''The Element Copper'' [Online], Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele029.html</ref>

Copper is used in large amounts in the [[electricity]] industry in the form of [[wire]], due to its high [[electrical conductivity]] (see the table below).<ref name=jeff/> Its conductivity is second only to [[silver]], however copper is about 860 times more abundant on Earth than silver,<ref name=pt/> so it is much cheaper. Although it is used predominantly in wiring, other uses for copper include plumbing, currency, and jewelry. Copper is too soft to be used alone in many materials, and people discovered long ago that it can be mixed with other metals to form strong alloys. Examples of this is copper's mixture with tin to make bronze, or with zinc to form brass.<ref name=jeff/>

Some properties of copper include:<ref name=jeff/><ref>Chemistry on About.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Table of Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity'' [Online], Available: http://chemistry.about.com/od/moleculescompounds/a/Table-Of-Electrical-Resistivity-And-Conductivity.htm</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''[[Atomic weight]]''' || 63.546
|-
| '''[[Density]]''' (at 0<sup>o</sup>C) || 8.933 [[gram|g]]/[[centimeter|cm<sup>3</sup>]]
|-
| '''[[Boiling point]]''' || 2835 [[Kelvin|K]]
|-
| '''[[Melting point]]''' || 1357.8 K
|-
| '''[[Electrical conductivity]]''' || 6.30×10<sup>7</sup> σ
|}

==Uses of Copper==

The uses of copper by percentage (estimated) are shown in the Figure below.<Ref name=abt>Metals @ About.com. (July 31, 2015). ''Copper Applications'' [Online], Available: http://metals.about.com/od/properties/a/Copper-Applications.htm</ref>

<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/copper.html' style='width:420px;height:320px;border:none;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;'></iframe></html>
===Electrical===
[[File:Stranded_lamp_wire.jpg|200px|thumb|Figure 4. Copper wire.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Stranded_lamp_wire.jpg</ref>]]

Copper is the major component of wiring. In a single vehicle there is about 1.5 [[kilometer]]s of copper wiring, with a total [[mass]] of about 20 [[kilogram]]s in small cars and 45 kilograms in luxury and [[hybrid car]]s.<Ref name=usgs>US Geological Survey. (July 31, 2015). ''Copper - A Metal for the Ages'' [Online], Available: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3031/FS2009-3031.pdf</ref> Along with wiring of vehicles and other electronics, copper wiring is used in [[electrical generation]] and [[electrical transmission|transmission]] (aside from overhead [[Electrical transmission#Power Lines|power lines]], which are made from [[aluminum]]).

Aside from its excellent conductivity, copper is also very [[ductile]] so it is very easy to work with. Specific examples of copper use in electrical applications include circuit boards, microchips, [[semiconductor]]s, [[magnet#Electromagnets|electromagnets]], [[electric motor]]s, [[wind turbine]]s, [[photovoltaic cell]]s, and much, much more. Basically any wiring aside from power lines are formed with copper.<ref name=abt/>

===Construction===

Copper is the standard material for plumbing not only due to its high [[melting point]] and corrosion resistance, but also because it does not allow for the growth of bacteria or viruses. It is also malleable and easy to solder; it is easy to bend and piece together. Examples of copper and its alloys in construction include [[heat exchanger]]s, [[pipeline]]s, agricultural water systems, handles, doorknobs and other building materials, and more.<ref name=abt/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]