Crude oil - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-12-20T19:47:15Z

1 revision imported

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energy>Jmdonev at 23:37, 9 November 2021

2021-11-09T23:37:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:37, 9 November 2021
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	[[Category:Done ~~2017~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2021-10-29]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Petróleo crudo]]
	[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]		[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude [[oil]] is about 85% [[carbon]] by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude [[oil]] is about 85% [[carbon]] by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>
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	==Refining==		==Refining==
	Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, [[fuel]] oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[hydrocarbon cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.		Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, [[fuel]] oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[hydrocarbon cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Fossil fuel]]
			*[[Natural gas]]
			*[[Shale]]
			*[[Oil formation]]
			*[[Primary energy]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:46:52Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:46, 29 August 2017
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 17:12, 28 July 2017

2017-07-28T17:12:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:12, 28 July 2017
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-06]]		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
	[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]		[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude [[oil]] is about 85% [[carbon]] by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude [[oil]] is about 85% [[carbon]] by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>
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	==Refining==		==Refining==
	Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, [[fuel]] oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.		Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, [[fuel]] oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[hydrocarbon cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:52:03Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:52, 18 September 2015
(No difference)

Jhanania at 23:32, 4 September 2015

2015-09-04T23:32:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:32, 4 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-06~~-11~~]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]
	[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]		[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude oil is about 85% carbon by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude [[oil]] is about 85% [[carbon]] by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>

	==Formation==		==Formation==
	: [[Oil formation\|''main page'']]		: [[Oil formation\|''main page'']]
	Crude oil was formed hundreds of millions of years ago in ancient oceans. In these oceans, dead organic matter fell to the ocean floor and was mixed with inorganic material. After much time passed, bacteria decomposed the organic material in the absence of oxygen and the [[temperature]] of the material increased with the increased [[pressure]] on it from sediment above. As pressure and temperature increased, the organic material slowly turned into crude oil and [[natural gas]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 25, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>		Crude oil was formed hundreds of millions of years ago in ancient oceans. In these oceans, dead organic [[matter]] fell to the ocean floor and was mixed with inorganic material. After much time passed, bacteria decomposed the organic material in the absence of oxygen and the [[temperature]] of the material increased with the increased [[pressure]] on it from sediment above. As pressure and temperature increased, the organic material slowly turned into crude oil and [[natural gas]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 25, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>

	==Properties==		==Properties==
	There are several different ''general'' types of crude oil. '''Light crude oil''' contains a significant amount of natural gas liquids, whereas '''heavy crude oil''' has little or no natural gas liquids and instead contains a large number of heavy hydrocarbons. Since crude oil can vary so much in its composition, it can have different viscosity. Light to medium crude oils can pour easy, slightly more viscous than water, and this type of crude oil can flow through [[porosity\|porous]] rock more easily. Thus this type of crude oil is more easy to extract. Conversely, heavier crude oils flow less easily through pores in rock and are thus difficult to extract.<ref name="nontech"/> Crude oil can also been characterized using pour point - the lowest temperature at which the liquid will flow just before it becomes [[solid]]. A lower pour point is better than a higher pour point as it indicates fewer [[paraffin]]s in the crude oil and the oil will flow better. As well, the colour of crude oils can vary from nearly colourless - light crude oils - to greenish yellow to reddish to black. Black crude oils are very heavy whereas the other colours likely have other non-hydrocarbon components - such as sulfur - changing their colour.<ref name="nontech"/> Finally, crude oils can smell different depending on their composition. Sweet crude oils have a more gasoline-like smell, whereas sour crude oils contaminated with high levels of sulfur smell of rotting eggs.<ref name="nontech">W.Leffler, M.Raymond. (May 25, 2015). ''Oil and Gas Production in Nontechnical Language'', 1st Ed. Tulsa, OK, U.S.A: PennWell Corporation, 2006, pp 61-65</ref>		There are several different ''general'' types of crude oil. '''Light crude oil''' contains a significant amount of natural gas liquids, whereas '''heavy crude oil''' has little or no natural gas liquids and instead contains a large number of heavy hydrocarbons. Since crude oil can vary so much in its composition, it can have different viscosity. Light to medium crude oils can pour easy, slightly more viscous than [[water]], and this type of crude oil can flow through [[porosity\|porous]] rock more easily. Thus this type of crude oil is more easy to extract. Conversely, heavier crude oils flow less easily through pores in rock and are thus difficult to extract.<ref name="nontech"/> Crude oil can also been characterized using pour point - the lowest temperature at which the liquid will flow just before it becomes [[solid]]. A lower pour point is better than a higher pour point as it indicates fewer [[paraffin]]s in the crude oil and the oil will flow better. As well, the colour of crude oils can vary from nearly colourless - light crude oils - to greenish yellow to reddish to black. Black crude oils are very heavy whereas the other colours likely have other non-hydrocarbon components - such as sulfur - changing their colour.<ref name="nontech"/> Finally, crude oils can smell different depending on their composition. Sweet crude oils have a more gasoline-like smell, whereas sour crude oils contaminated with high levels of sulfur smell of rotting eggs.<ref name="nontech">W.Leffler, M.Raymond. (May 25, 2015). ''Oil and Gas Production in Nontechnical Language'', 1st Ed. Tulsa, OK, U.S.A: PennWell Corporation, 2006, pp 61-65</ref>

	==Refining==		==Refining==
	Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, fuel oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.		Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, [[fuel]] oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:58Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:30, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

J.williams at 16:53, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:53:01Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-06-11]]
[[File:360px-Crude_oil.jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. A Sample of crude oil.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Crude Oil'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crude_oil.JPG#/media/File:Crude_oil.JPG</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Crude oil''' is the [[liquid]] component of [[petroleum]] and it varies drastically in its composition. Although the specific amounts of different [[hydrocarbon]]s varies, it is always composed of a series of different hydrocarbons.</onlyinclude> Generally crude oil is about 85% carbon by weight, and most of the rest is [[hydrogen]]. Within crude oil there are also significant quantities of [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]].<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson. (May 25, 2015) ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 96-97</ref>

==Formation==
: [[Oil formation|''main page'']]
Crude oil was formed hundreds of millions of years ago in ancient oceans. In these oceans, dead organic matter fell to the ocean floor and was mixed with inorganic material. After much time passed, bacteria decomposed the organic material in the absence of oxygen and the [[temperature]] of the material increased with the increased [[pressure]] on it from sediment above. As pressure and temperature increased, the organic material slowly turned into crude oil and [[natural gas]].<ref>Stephen Marshak. (May 25, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref>

==Properties==
There are several different ''general'' types of crude oil. '''Light crude oil''' contains a significant amount of natural gas liquids, whereas '''heavy crude oil''' has little or no natural gas liquids and instead contains a large number of heavy hydrocarbons. Since crude oil can vary so much in its composition, it can have different viscosity. Light to medium crude oils can pour easy, slightly more viscous than water, and this type of crude oil can flow through [[porosity|porous]] rock more easily. Thus this type of crude oil is more easy to extract. Conversely, heavier crude oils flow less easily through pores in rock and are thus difficult to extract.<ref name="nontech"/> Crude oil can also been characterized using pour point - the lowest temperature at which the liquid will flow just before it becomes [[solid]]. A lower pour point is better than a higher pour point as it indicates fewer [[paraffin]]s in the crude oil and the oil will flow better. As well, the colour of crude oils can vary from nearly colourless - light crude oils - to greenish yellow to reddish to black. Black crude oils are very heavy whereas the other colours likely have other non-hydrocarbon components - such as sulfur - changing their colour.<ref name="nontech"/> Finally, crude oils can smell different depending on their composition. Sweet crude oils have a more gasoline-like smell, whereas sour crude oils contaminated with high levels of sulfur smell of rotting eggs.<ref name="nontech">W.Leffler, M.Raymond. (May 25, 2015). ''Oil and Gas Production in Nontechnical Language'', 1st Ed. Tulsa, OK, U.S.A: PennWell Corporation, 2006, pp 61-65</ref>

==Refining==
Crude oil itself is not extremely useful, so it is refined to produce a variety of useful products. These products include heavy oils for industrial boilers, fuel oil, [[diesel]], [[kerosene]], and [[gasoline]]. The main refining process used for crude oil involves [[fractional distillation]].<ref name="wolfson"/> In this process, crude oil is heated and vaporized and rises up through a vertical column, with different ''fractions'' condensing at different heights due to their different condensing temperatures. The remaining products can undergo catalytic [[cracking]] to break up large hydrocarbon chains in order to get a larger yield of lighter components - such as gasoline.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]