Curie - Revision history

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energy>Jmdonev at 20:09, 17 February 2020

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	[[~~Category~~: ~~Ashley edit~~]]		[[File:Curie_and_radium_by_Castaigne.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1 The Curies and another person doing experiments with radium. <ref>Drawn by André Castaigne - http://ihm.nlm.nih.gov/images/B30095 downloaded February 17th, 2020 from Wikimedia commons.</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> ~~However, today~~ the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> ~~Named~~ after Marie Curie, ~~a chemist and~~ the ~~first female to win a~~ Nobel ~~prize after coining the term~~ radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> ~~the~~ Ci ~~also~~ measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> ~~For~~ example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.		<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> There are several different units for radioactivity with the official SI unit for radioactive decay being the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> It was named after Pierre and Marie Curie, both physicists who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 (alongside Henri Becquerel) for their work on radioactivity. <ref>RUTHERFORD, E. Radium Standards and Nomenclature Nature 84, 430–431 (1910). https://doi.org/10.1038/084430a0</ref><ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> The Ci measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> As an example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.

	The ability to measure the activity of a substance ~~is practical and~~ has many applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of ~~rocks~~ and other materials, which is how the [[time scale of the universe\|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>		The ability to measure the activity of a substance has many practical applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of [[rock]]s and other materials, which is how the [[time scale of the universe\|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>
	The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:		The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:
	*~~Picocuries~~ (pCi): ~~are~~ 1 million millionth of a curie (<math>1 \times 10^{-12}</math> Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.		* 1 Picocurie (pCi): is 1 million millionth of a curie (<math>1 \times 10^{-12}</math> Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.<ref> US Army Corps of Engineers. "How Big is a Picocurie?" Accessed Jan.30, 2019. [Online] Available: https://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/FUSRAP/FactSheets/fusrap-fs-picocurie.pdf </ref>
	*~~Megacuries~~ (MCi) ~~are~~ 1 million curies (<math>1 \times 10^6</math> Ci). Megacuries are used in measuring the very large amount of radioactivity released from nuclear weapons.		* 1 Megacurie (MCi) is 1 million curies (<math>1 \times 10^6</math> Ci). Megacuries are used in measuring the very large amount of radioactivity released from nuclear weapons.<ref>Federal Radiation Council, 1963. "Estimates and evaluation of fallout in the United States from nuclear weapons testing conducted through 1962". US Government Printing Office. Accessed Jan.30, 2019. </ref>

	=~~<small>~~Radiation-related quantities~~</small>~~=		==Radiation-related quantities==
	The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units.<ref>NIST. (2016, February 10). Chapter 5. Guide to the SI, Units Outside the SI [Online]. Available: http://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec05.cfm</ref><ref>NIST. (2016, February 19). Chapter 4. Guide to the SI, The Two Classes of SI Units and the SI Prefixes [Online]. Available: http://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec04.cfm</ref>		The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units. Both the non-SI and SI units represent the same quantities, expressed differently.<ref>NIST. (2016, February 10). Chapter 5. Guide to the SI, Units Outside the SI [Online]. Available: http://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec05.cfm</ref><ref>NIST. (2016, February 19). Chapter 4. Guide to the SI, The Two Classes of SI Units and the SI Prefixes [Online]. Available: http://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec04.cfm</ref>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-

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2dev>Ashley.Sheardown at 19:05, 19 December 2018

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	<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.		<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.

	The ability to measure the activity of a substance is practical and has many applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of rocks and other materials, which is how the [[~~timescale~~ of the universe\|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>		The ability to measure the activity of a substance is practical and has many applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of rocks and other materials, which is how the [[time scale of the universe\|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>
	The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:		The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:
	*Picocuries (pCi): are 1 million millionth of a curie (<math>1 \times 10^{-12}</math> Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.		*Picocuries (pCi): are 1 million millionth of a curie (<math>1 \times 10^{-12}</math> Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.

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	<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.		<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.

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	==Curie Unit Converter==		==Curie Unit Converter==
	<html><br /> <iframe src="~~http~~://energyeducation.ca/simulations/converter/converter.php?defaultMeasure=Radioactivity&defaultFrom=curie&defaultTo=becquerel" width="750" height="200"> </iframe><br /> </html>		<html><br /> <iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/converter/converter.php?defaultMeasure=Radioactivity&defaultFrom=curie&defaultTo=becquerel" width="750" height="200"> </iframe><br /> </html>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Energy]]
			*[[Nuclear power]]
			*[[Radiation]]
			*[[Fission]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category: Uploaded]]		[[Category: Uploaded]]

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	<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.		<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI\|non-SI]] [[units\|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.
	~~<br />~~
	The ability to measure the activity of a substance is practical and has many applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half-life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half-life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of rocks and other materials, which is how the [[timescale of the universe\|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>		The ability to measure the activity of a substance is practical and has many applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of rocks and other materials, which is how the [[timescale of the universe\|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>
	The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:		The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:
	*Picocuries (pCi): are 1 million millionth of a curie (1 x 10-12 Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.		*Picocuries (pCi): are 1 million millionth of a curie (<math>1 \times 10^{-12}</math> Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.
	*Megacuries (MCi) are 1 million curies (1 ~~x 106~~ Ci). Megacuries are used in measuring the very large amount of radioactivity released from nuclear weapons.		*Megacuries (MCi) are 1 million curies (<math>1 \times 10^6</math> Ci). Megacuries are used in measuring the very large amount of radioactivity released from nuclear weapons.

	=<small>Radiation-related quantities</small>=		=<small>Radiation-related quantities</small>=
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			[[Category: Uploaded]]

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[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]
<onlyinclude>The '''curie''' or '''Ci''' is the [[SI|non-SI]] [[units|unit]] for [[radioactive decay]] measuring the [[radioactivity]] of a substance.</onlyinclude> However, today the official SI unit for radioactive decay is the [[Becquerel]]. The curie specifies the amount of [[ionizing radiation]] [[energy]] that is emitted from an unstable [[isotope]] as it decays.<ref>U.S.NRC. (06, 21, 2016). Curie (Ci) [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/curie-ci.html</ref> Named after Marie Curie, a chemist and the first female to win a Nobel prize after coining the term radioactivity,<ref>UNEP. “Radiation Effects and Sources,” United Nations Environment Programme, Austria. Sci. Rep. 978-92-807-3517-8. 2016. </ref> the Ci also measures the amount of disintegrations per second coming from a decaying element such as [[Uranium]]. Originally, the curie was a comparison of the activity of a sample to the activity of one gram of radium, which was measured at 37 billion disintegrations per second.<ref>E.E. Anderson. “Units of Radiation and Radioactivity.” Public Health Reports, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Vol. 67, No. 3, March 1952</ref> For example, a radioactive sample undergoing 74 billion disintegrations per second has an activity of 2 curies.
 
The ability to measure the activity of a substance is practical and has many applications. For example, measuring the activity of a substance can help determine the [[half-life]] of a sample. One useful application involving half-life is radioactive dating, which is used to determine the age of rocks and other materials, which is how the [[timescale of the universe|age of the Earth]] is known.<ref>The TalkOrigins Archive, "The Age of the Earth" [Online], Available: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html</ref>
The curie is a fairly large unit of measurement, thus it is commonly prefixed to represent a wide range of different activity level, for example:
*Picocuries (pCi): are 1 million millionth of a curie (1 x 10-12 Ci). Picocuries are used in measuring the typically small amount of radioactivity in air and water.
*Megacuries (MCi) are 1 million curies (1 x 106 Ci). Megacuries are used in measuring the very large amount of radioactivity released from nuclear weapons.

=Radiation-related quantities=
The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units.<ref>NIST. (2016, February 10). Chapter 5. Guide to the SI, Units Outside the SI [Online]. Available: http://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec05.cfm</ref><ref>NIST. (2016, February 19). Chapter 4. Guide to the SI, The Two Classes of SI Units and the SI Prefixes [Online]. Available: http://www.nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec04.cfm</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Quantity !! Name !! Symbol !! Unit !! System
|-
| Exposure || Roentgen || R || 2.58x10-6 C/kg || Non-SI
|-
| Absorbed Dose || Rad Grey || rad Gy || 10-2 Gy Jkg-1 || Non-SI SI
|-
| Activity || Curie Becquerel || Ci Bq || 3.7x1010 Bq s-1 || Non-SI SI
|-
| Dose Equivalent || Roentgen Equivalent Man Sievert || rem Sv || 10-2 Sv Jkg-1 || Non-SI SI
|-
|}

==Curie Unit Converter==
<html> <iframe src="http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/converter/converter.php?defaultMeasure=Radioactivity&defaultFrom=curie&defaultTo=becquerel" width="750" height="200"> </iframe> </html>

==References==
{{reflist}}