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	<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Curtain_wall</id>
	<title>Curtain wall - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Curtain_wall"/>
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	<updated>2026-04-10T19:58:09Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=8466&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Jmdonev: 1 revision imported</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=8466&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-04T18:14:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:14, 4 January 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Jmdonev</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=8465&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>2dev&gt;Jmdonev at 21:01, 27 October 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=8465&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2018-10-27T21:01:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:01, 27 October 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Done &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;09&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;06&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Done &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/ins&gt;]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:604px-Lever House Curtain wall.jpg|300px|framed|right|Figure 1. Curtain wall of an office building, composed mainly of glass panels and metal beams.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Lever House Curtain wall&amp;quot; Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg#/media/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:604px-Lever House Curtain wall.jpg|300px|framed|right|Figure 1. Curtain wall of an office building, composed mainly of glass panels and metal beams.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Lever House Curtain wall&amp;quot; Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg#/media/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;curtain wall&#039;&#039;&#039; is a thin portion of the [[building envelope]] that has an independent [[frame]] assembly containing in-fills of glass, [[metal]] panels, or thin stone. These walls do not support any of the load of the building itself, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;transfer the [[wind]] and [[gravity]] loads to the building structure.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;&amp;gt;National Institute of Building Sciences. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Walls&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_fenestration_cw.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;curtain wall&#039;&#039;&#039; is a thin portion of the [[building envelope]] that has an independent [[frame]] assembly containing in-fills of glass, [[metal]] panels, or thin stone. These walls do not support any of the load of the building itself, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;however, &lt;/ins&gt;transfer the [[wind]] and [[gravity]] loads &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;([[force]]) &lt;/ins&gt;to the building structure&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. This redistributes the force so it doesn&#039;t cause break by hitting a certain spot&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;&amp;gt;National Institute of Building Sciences. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Walls&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_fenestration_cw.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls perform two main functions: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;acting &lt;/del&gt;as a [[weather]] barrier against air or [[water]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and allowing &lt;/del&gt;[[light]] to enter the interior space.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;&amp;gt;Dudley McFarquhar. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;The Role of the Building Facade&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.brikbase.org/sites/default/files/10.mcfarquhar.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The curtain wall may also be referred to as the &#039;&#039;façade&#039;&#039; of the building, and provides functionality as well as defining the aesthetics of the building depending on the choice of material.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls perform two main functions:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#Acts &lt;/ins&gt;as a [[weather]] barrier against air or [[water]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#Allows &lt;/ins&gt;[[light]] to enter the interior space.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;&amp;gt;Dudley McFarquhar. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;The Role of the Building Facade&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.brikbase.org/sites/default/files/10.mcfarquhar.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The curtain wall may also be referred to as the &#039;&#039;façade&#039;&#039; of the building, and provides functionality as well as defining the aesthetics of the building depending on the choice of material.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls are closely related to [[Trombe wall]]s.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls are closely related to [[Trombe wall]]s.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Composition==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Composition==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The curtain walls of a building are generally composed of vertical and horizontal framing members to structure the wall itself.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;&amp;gt;Manitoba Hydro. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Wall System&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/building_envelope/curtain_wall.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; These walls can be built from many different materials depending on the desired appearance of the building. Common building materials include [[aluminum]] framing, stainless steel, brick, and glass. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;As well&lt;/del&gt;, curtain walls contain structural materials such as rubber gaskets, sealant, metal connections, and [[insulation]] to ensure that the wall doesn&#039;t compromise the [[energy]] [[efficiency]] of the building.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt; These walls can also be divided into two major &quot;components&quot;:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The curtain walls of a building are generally composed of vertical and horizontal framing members to structure the wall itself.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;&amp;gt;Manitoba Hydro. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Wall System&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/building_envelope/curtain_wall.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; These walls can be built from many different materials depending on the desired appearance of the building. Common building materials include [[aluminum]] framing, stainless steel, brick, and glass. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In addition&lt;/ins&gt;, curtain walls contain structural materials such as rubber gaskets, sealant, metal connections, and [[insulation]] to ensure that the wall doesn&#039;t compromise the [[energy]] [[efficiency]] of the building.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt; These walls can also be divided into two major &quot;components&quot;:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vision areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that allow light to be transmitted into the building, promoting [[passive solar heating and cooling|passive solar heating]] and natural light.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vision areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that allow light to be transmitted into the building, promoting [[passive solar heating and cooling|passive solar heating]] and natural light.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Spandrel areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that are designed to conceal the building floor beams and other supporting elements. These are commonly seen in multi-story office buildings. This area is generally opaque, but can be modified to be aesthetically pleasing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Spandrel areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that are designed to conceal the building floor beams and other supporting elements. These are commonly seen in multi-story office buildings. This area is generally opaque, but can be modified to be aesthetically pleasing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;As well, curtain &lt;/del&gt;walls are categorized by &#039;&#039;how&#039;&#039; they are assembled and installed. Two main assemblies include:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Curtain &lt;/ins&gt;walls are &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;also &lt;/ins&gt;categorized by &#039;&#039;how&#039;&#039; they are assembled and installed. Two main assemblies include:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stick&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;modular&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the curtain wall frame and glass panels are installed and connected piece by piece.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stick&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;modular&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the curtain wall frame and glass panels are installed and connected piece by piece.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unitized&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the wall is made of large components that are assembled in a factory and put up at the construction site. Unitized systems put larger components of the wall up at a time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unitized&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the wall is made of large components that are assembled in a factory and put up at the construction site. Unitized systems put larger components of the wall up at a time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both of these methods of building a curtain wall can include either &#039;&#039;interior&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;exterior&#039;&#039; [[glazing|glazed systems]], and both types of glazings have their benefits and drawbacks. Interior glazed systems allow [[window]]s and other glass to be installed from inside the building,  however [[air]] infiltration is more of an issue in these systems. Exterior glazed systems have panels that are installed from the exterior of the curtain wall, but these may be difficult to install as they require scaffolding access. The materials that are installed in these systems can promote light transmittance through glazing choice, tint choice, and shading methods used.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both of these methods of building a curtain wall can include either &#039;&#039;interior&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;exterior&#039;&#039; [[glazing|glazed systems]], and both types of glazings have their benefits and drawbacks. Interior glazed systems allow [[window]]s and other glass to be installed from inside the building,  however&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;[[air]] infiltration is more of an issue in these systems. Exterior glazed systems have panels that are installed from the exterior of the curtain wall, but these may be difficult to install as they require scaffolding access. The materials that are installed in these systems can promote light transmittance through glazing choice, tint choice, and shading methods used.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Function==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Function==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls do provide benefits to the building design even though much of the consideration that goes in to how to build them is aesthetic in nature. By taking into account the material used when building the wall, there can be energy savings due to reduced heating and cooling loads on the building. By using glass or other glazings that use an [[e-coating]], [[temperature]] inside the building can be regulated more efficiently by the building. As well, glass curtain walls allow more light in, reducing the need for artificial [[lighting]] depending on the placement of the wall.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Ensuring that a curtain wall is properly built can reduce air leakage in the building by sealing it well. This in turn improves the thermal performance of the building itself by controlling cool drafts.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The curtain walls of a building are subject to rapid changes in temperature due to the lack of interior air beside them. They thus require a careful choice in insulation to minimize condensation. Some curtain walls use drainage cutters to remove condensation to the exterior.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls do provide benefits to the building design even though much of the consideration that goes in to how to build them is aesthetic in nature. By taking into account the material used when building the wall, there can be energy savings due to reduced heating and cooling loads on the building. By using glass or other glazings that use an [[e-coating]], [[temperature]] inside the building can be regulated more efficiently by the building. As well, glass curtain walls allow more light in, reducing the need for artificial [[lighting]] depending on the placement of the wall.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Ensuring that a curtain wall is properly built can reduce air leakage in the building by sealing it well. This in turn improves the thermal performance of the building itself by controlling cool drafts.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The curtain walls of a building are subject to rapid changes in temperature due to the lack of interior air beside them. They thus require a careful choice in insulation to minimize condensation. Some curtain walls use drainage cutters to remove condensation to the exterior.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A curtain wall also helps to soundproof the building, and this function is primarily a byproduct of the glazing choice and the strength of the seals that prevent air leakage. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;As well&lt;/del&gt;, installing a good &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;insulator - thus &lt;/del&gt;making the construction &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;airtight - can &lt;/del&gt;improve the levels of soundproofing a building has.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A curtain wall also helps to soundproof the building, and this function is primarily a byproduct of the glazing choice and the strength of the seals that prevent air leakage. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Also&lt;/ins&gt;, installing a good &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;insulator—thus &lt;/ins&gt;making the construction &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;airtight—can &lt;/ins&gt;improve the levels of soundproofing a building has.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Loading==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Loading==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls are also built to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stand up &lt;/del&gt;to certain types of &quot;loads&quot;, or stresses that could be put on a building. These primary types of loads are:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls are also built to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;be rugged &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;withstand &lt;/ins&gt;certain types of &quot;loads&quot;, or stresses that could be put on a building. These primary types of loads are:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Seismic Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building can withstand being &amp;quot;shaken apart&amp;quot; due to the disruptive motion of earthquakes. This type of loading is more important to consider in areas that have higher levels of seismic activity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Seismic Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building can withstand being &amp;quot;shaken apart&amp;quot; due to the disruptive motion of earthquakes. This type of loading is more important to consider in areas that have higher levels of seismic activity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blast Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building can withstand certain shocks, such as from an explosive within the building. These outlines exist for safety reasons and to minimize threat levels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blast Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building can withstand certain shocks, such as from an explosive within the building. These outlines exist for safety reasons and to minimize threat levels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Thermal Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building is able to resist extremely high or low temperatures or fluxes between these two extremes. This is primarily to minimize harmful moisture condensation on the frame of a building and to prevent any fogging of glazed surfaces on the curtain wall.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Thermal Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building is able to resist extremely high or low temperatures or fluxes between these two extremes. This is primarily to minimize harmful moisture condensation on the frame of a building and to prevent any fogging of glazed surfaces on the curtain wall.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==For Further Reading==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[[Building envelope]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[[Metal]] &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[[Frame]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[[Passive solar heating and cooling]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[[Window]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*[[Seismicity]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Uploaded]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Uploaded]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>2dev&gt;Jmdonev</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=3487&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>J.williams: 1 revision imported</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=3487&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-09-18T16:51:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:51, 18 September 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>J.williams</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=3486&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Kjstenho at 20:37, 3 September 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=3486&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-09-03T20:37:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:37, 3 September 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Done 2015-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;04&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;01&lt;/del&gt;]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Done 2015-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;09&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;06&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:604px-Lever House Curtain wall.jpg|300px|framed|right|Figure 1. Curtain wall of an office building, composed mainly of glass panels and metal beams.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Lever House Curtain wall&amp;quot; Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg#/media/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:604px-Lever House Curtain wall.jpg|300px|framed|right|Figure 1. Curtain wall of an office building, composed mainly of glass panels and metal beams.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Lever House Curtain wall&amp;quot; Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg#/media/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;curtain wall&#039;&#039;&#039; is a thin portion of the [[building envelope]] that has an independent [[frame]] assembly containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone. These walls do not support any of the load of the building itself, and transfer the wind and gravity loads to the building structure.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;&amp;gt;National Institute of Building Sciences. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Walls&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_fenestration_cw.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;curtain wall&#039;&#039;&#039; is a thin portion of the [[building envelope]] that has an independent [[frame]] assembly containing in-fills of glass, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;metal&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;panels, or thin stone. These walls do not support any of the load of the building itself, and transfer the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;wind&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;gravity&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;loads to the building structure.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;&amp;gt;National Institute of Building Sciences. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Walls&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_fenestration_cw.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls perform two main functions: acting as a weather barrier against air or water and allowing light to enter the interior space.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;&amp;gt;Dudley McFarquhar. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;The Role of the Building Facade&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.brikbase.org/sites/default/files/10.mcfarquhar.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The curtain wall may also be referred to as the &#039;&#039;façade&#039;&#039; of the building, and provides functionality as well as defining the aesthetics of the building depending on the choice of material.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls perform two main functions: acting as a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;weather&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;barrier against air or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;water&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;and allowing &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;light&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;to enter the interior space.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;&amp;gt;Dudley McFarquhar. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;The Role of the Building Facade&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.brikbase.org/sites/default/files/10.mcfarquhar.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The curtain wall may also be referred to as the &#039;&#039;façade&#039;&#039; of the building, and provides functionality as well as defining the aesthetics of the building depending on the choice of material.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls are closely related to [[Trombe wall]]s.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls are closely related to [[Trombe wall]]s.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Composition==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Composition==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The curtain walls of a building are generally composed of vertical and horizontal framing members to structure the wall itself.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;&amp;gt;Manitoba Hydro. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Wall System&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/building_envelope/curtain_wall.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; These walls can be built from many different materials depending on the desired appearance of the building. Common building materials include aluminum framing, stainless steel, brick, and glass. As well, curtain walls contain structural materials such as rubber gaskets, sealant, metal connections, and [[insulation]] to ensure that the wall doesn&#039;t compromise the energy efficiency of the building.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt; These walls can also be divided into two major &quot;components&quot;:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The curtain walls of a building are generally composed of vertical and horizontal framing members to structure the wall itself.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;&amp;gt;Manitoba Hydro. (March 29, 2015). &#039;&#039;Curtain Wall System&#039;&#039; [Online]. Available: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/building_envelope/curtain_wall.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; These walls can be built from many different materials depending on the desired appearance of the building. Common building materials include &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;aluminum&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;framing, stainless steel, brick, and glass. As well, curtain walls contain structural materials such as rubber gaskets, sealant, metal connections, and [[insulation]] to ensure that the wall doesn&#039;t compromise the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;energy&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] [[&lt;/ins&gt;efficiency&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;of the building.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt; These walls can also be divided into two major &quot;components&quot;:&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vision areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that allow light to be transmitted into the building, promoting [[passive solar heating and cooling|passive solar heating]] and natural light.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vision areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that allow light to be transmitted into the building, promoting [[passive solar heating and cooling|passive solar heating]] and natural light.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Spandrel areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that are designed to conceal the building floor beams and other supporting elements. These are commonly seen in multi-story office buildings. This area is generally opaque, but can be modified to be aesthetically pleasing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Spandrel areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that are designed to conceal the building floor beams and other supporting elements. These are commonly seen in multi-story office buildings. This area is generally opaque, but can be modified to be aesthetically pleasing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stick&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;modular&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the curtain wall frame and glass panels are installed and connected piece by piece.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stick&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;modular&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the curtain wall frame and glass panels are installed and connected piece by piece.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unitized&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the wall is made of large components that are assembled in a factory and put up at the construction site. Unitized systems put larger components of the wall up at a time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unitized&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the wall is made of large components that are assembled in a factory and put up at the construction site. Unitized systems put larger components of the wall up at a time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both of these methods of building a curtain wall can include either &#039;&#039;interior&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;exterior&#039;&#039; [[glazing|glazed systems]], and both types of glazings have their benefits and drawbacks. Interior glazed systems allow &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;windows &lt;/del&gt;and other glass to be installed from inside the building,  however air infiltration is more of an issue in these systems. Exterior glazed systems have panels that are installed from the exterior of the curtain wall, but these may be difficult to install as they require scaffolding access. The materials that are installed in these systems can promote light transmittance through glazing choice, tint choice, and shading methods used.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both of these methods of building a curtain wall can include either &#039;&#039;interior&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;exterior&#039;&#039; [[glazing|glazed systems]], and both types of glazings have their benefits and drawbacks. Interior glazed systems allow &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[window]]s &lt;/ins&gt;and other glass to be installed from inside the building,  however &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;air&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;infiltration is more of an issue in these systems. Exterior glazed systems have panels that are installed from the exterior of the curtain wall, but these may be difficult to install as they require scaffolding access. The materials that are installed in these systems can promote light transmittance through glazing choice, tint choice, and shading methods used.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE1&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Function==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Function==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls do provide benefits to the building design even though much of the consideration that goes in to how to build them is aesthetic in nature. By taking into account the material used when building the wall, there can be energy savings due to reduced heating and cooling loads on the building. By using glass or other glazings that use an [[e-coating]], [[temperature]] inside the building can be regulated more efficiently by the building. As well, glass curtain walls allow more light in, reducing the need for artificial lighting depending on the placement of the wall.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;/&amp;gt; Ensuring that a curtain wall is properly built can reduce air leakage in the building by sealing it well. This in turn improves the thermal performance of the building itself by controlling cool drafts.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;/&amp;gt; The curtain walls of a building are subject to rapid changes in temperature due to the lack of interior air beside them. They thus require a careful choice in insulation to minimize condensation. Some curtain walls use drainage cutters to remove condensation to the exterior.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Curtain walls do provide benefits to the building design even though much of the consideration that goes in to how to build them is aesthetic in nature. By taking into account the material used when building the wall, there can be energy savings due to reduced heating and cooling loads on the building. By using glass or other glazings that use an [[e-coating]], [[temperature]] inside the building can be regulated more efficiently by the building. As well, glass curtain walls allow more light in, reducing the need for artificial &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;lighting&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;depending on the placement of the wall.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;/&amp;gt; Ensuring that a curtain wall is properly built can reduce air leakage in the building by sealing it well. This in turn improves the thermal performance of the building itself by controlling cool drafts.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE2&quot;/&amp;gt; The curtain walls of a building are subject to rapid changes in temperature due to the lack of interior air beside them. They thus require a careful choice in insulation to minimize condensation. Some curtain walls use drainage cutters to remove condensation to the exterior.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;RE3&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A curtain wall also helps to soundproof the building, and this function is primarily a byproduct of the glazing choice and the strength of the seals that prevent air leakage. As well, installing a good insulator - thus making the construction airtight - can improve the levels of soundproofing a building has.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A curtain wall also helps to soundproof the building, and this function is primarily a byproduct of the glazing choice and the strength of the seals that prevent air leakage. As well, installing a good insulator - thus making the construction airtight - can improve the levels of soundproofing a building has.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kjstenho</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=552&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>J.williams: 1 revision imported</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=552&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T21:30:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:30, 26 August 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>J.williams</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=551&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>J.williams at 16:53, 12 August 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Curtain_wall&amp;diff=551&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-08-12T16:53:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Done 2015-04-01]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[File:604px-Lever House Curtain wall.jpg|300px|framed|right|Figure 1. Curtain wall of an office building, composed mainly of glass panels and metal beams.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Lever House Curtain wall&amp;quot; Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg#/media/File:Lever_House_Curtain_wall.jpg&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;curtain wall&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a thin portion of the [[building envelope]] that has an independent [[frame]] assembly containing in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin stone. These walls do not support any of the load of the building itself, and transfer the wind and gravity loads to the building structure.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;National Institute of Building Sciences. (March 29, 2015). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Curtain Walls&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.wbdg.org/design/env_fenestration_cw.php&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Curtain walls perform two main functions: acting as a weather barrier against air or water and allowing light to enter the interior space.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Dudley McFarquhar. (March 29, 2015). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Role of the Building Facade&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [Online]. Available: http://www.brikbase.org/sites/default/files/10.mcfarquhar.pdf&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The curtain wall may also be referred to as the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;façade&amp;#039;&amp;#039; of the building, and provides functionality as well as defining the aesthetics of the building depending on the choice of material. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Curtain walls are closely related to [[Trombe wall]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Composition==&lt;br /&gt;
The curtain walls of a building are generally composed of vertical and horizontal framing members to structure the wall itself.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Manitoba Hydro. (March 29, 2015). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Curtain Wall System&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [Online]. Available: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/building_envelope/curtain_wall.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; These walls can be built from many different materials depending on the desired appearance of the building. Common building materials include aluminum framing, stainless steel, brick, and glass. As well, curtain walls contain structural materials such as rubber gaskets, sealant, metal connections, and [[insulation]] to ensure that the wall doesn&amp;#039;t compromise the energy efficiency of the building.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; These walls can also be divided into two major &amp;quot;components&amp;quot;:&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Vision areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that allow light to be transmitted into the building, promoting [[passive solar heating and cooling|passive solar heating]] and natural light.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Spandrel areas&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; that are designed to conceal the building floor beams and other supporting elements. These are commonly seen in multi-story office buildings. This area is generally opaque, but can be modified to be aesthetically pleasing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As well, curtain walls are categorized by &amp;#039;&amp;#039;how&amp;#039;&amp;#039; they are assembled and installed. Two main assemblies include:&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stick&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;modular&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the curtain wall frame and glass panels are installed and connected piece by piece.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unitized&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; systems where the wall is made of large components that are assembled in a factory and put up at the construction site. Unitized systems put larger components of the wall up at a time.&lt;br /&gt;
Both of these methods of building a curtain wall can include either &amp;#039;&amp;#039;interior&amp;#039;&amp;#039; or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;exterior&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [[glazing|glazed systems]], and both types of glazings have their benefits and drawbacks. Interior glazed systems allow windows and other glass to be installed from inside the building,  however air infiltration is more of an issue in these systems. Exterior glazed systems have panels that are installed from the exterior of the curtain wall, but these may be difficult to install as they require scaffolding access. The materials that are installed in these systems can promote light transmittance through glazing choice, tint choice, and shading methods used.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Function==&lt;br /&gt;
Curtain walls do provide benefits to the building design even though much of the consideration that goes in to how to build them is aesthetic in nature. By taking into account the material used when building the wall, there can be energy savings due to reduced heating and cooling loads on the building. By using glass or other glazings that use an [[e-coating]], [[temperature]] inside the building can be regulated more efficiently by the building. As well, glass curtain walls allow more light in, reducing the need for artificial lighting depending on the placement of the wall.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Ensuring that a curtain wall is properly built can reduce air leakage in the building by sealing it well. This in turn improves the thermal performance of the building itself by controlling cool drafts.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The curtain walls of a building are subject to rapid changes in temperature due to the lack of interior air beside them. They thus require a careful choice in insulation to minimize condensation. Some curtain walls use drainage cutters to remove condensation to the exterior.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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A curtain wall also helps to soundproof the building, and this function is primarily a byproduct of the glazing choice and the strength of the seals that prevent air leakage. As well, installing a good insulator - thus making the construction airtight - can improve the levels of soundproofing a building has.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Loading==&lt;br /&gt;
Curtain walls are also built to stand up to certain types of &amp;quot;loads&amp;quot;, or stresses that could be put on a building. These primary types of loads are:&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;RE1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Seismic Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building can withstand being &amp;quot;shaken apart&amp;quot; due to the disruptive motion of earthquakes. This type of loading is more important to consider in areas that have higher levels of seismic activity.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Blast Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building can withstand certain shocks, such as from an explosive within the building. These outlines exist for safety reasons and to minimize threat levels.&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Thermal Loading&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: the degree to which a building is able to resist extremely high or low temperatures or fluxes between these two extremes. This is primarily to minimize harmful moisture condensation on the frame of a building and to prevent any fogging of glazed surfaces on the curtain wall.&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Uploaded]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>J.williams</name></author>
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