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[[File:ICS devon.jpg|thumb|right|Figure 1. ICS Devonian timeline.<ref name=ICS12>International Commission on Stratigraphy."International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2012" Accessed Nov.16, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/science/Famennian-Stage/media/201153/133200</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>The '''Devonian''' was the fourth geological [[Geologic time scale|period]] of the [[Paleozoic]] era, extending from approximately 419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago.</onlyinclude> It is divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower [[Geologic epoch|epochs]](Figure 1).<ref name=ICS>International Commission on Stratigraphy."International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2018" Accessed Nov.8, 2018 [Online]. Available: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale</ref> The name "Devonian" is derived from Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first actively studied. The period was first established by Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, British geologists, in 1839.<ref name=GTS>Gradstein, F. M. "The Geologic Time Scale 2012". Volume 2. 1st ed. Amsterdam ; Boston: Elsevier, 2012.</ref>

The Devonian was a time of intense [[sedimentary rock|carbonate]] production in Earth's history. This resulted in peak coral reef growth and the greatest [[biodiversity|diversity]] of marine fauna, particularly shelled species such as brachiopods and bivalves, in the entire Paleozoic [[Geologic eon|eon]].<ref name=GTS/> Lobe-finned fish developed in the Devonian, from which early tetrapods (four-legged animals) arose at the end of the Devonian (Figure 2). Vascular plants became fully established on land by the Middle Devonian (Figure 3). The Lower Devonian saw mostly small plants, with the first trees and forests appearing by the late Upper Devonian (Figure 4).<ref name=UCB>University of California, Museum of Paleontology."The Devonian Period" Accessed Nov.16, 2018 [Online]. Available: http://http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/devonian/devonian.php</ref> A massive extinction event marked the end of the Devonian.<ref name=GTS/>

Most of the Earth's land area was part either the Gondwana (near the South Pole) or Euramerica (which was nearer to the equator) [[supercontinent]]s. Euramerica was created through the collision of what the two smaller continents that would be North America and most Europe one day. This collision led to a massive mountain building event, forming the Appalachian Mountains. High [[sea level rise|sea level]] during this period resulted in large portions of both supercontinents being covered by large inland seas.<ref name=UCB/> At the end of the Devonian, a [[glaciation]] event occurred, cooling the [[climate]] and lowering sea level. This glaciation is thought to have contributed to the mass extinction event that occurred at this time.<ref name=GTS/>

<gallery mode=packed widths="350px" heights="150px">
File:Fishapods.jpg|Figure 2. Lobe-fish to early tetrapods.<ref>WikiMedia Commons."File:Fishapods.jpg" Accessed Nov.16, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fishapods.jpg</ref>
File:Archaeopteris, Scotland, Upper Devonian period - Redpath Museum - McGill University - Montreal, Canada - DSC07986.jpg|Figure 3. Fossilized Devonian plant.<ref>WikiMedia Commons."File:Archaeopteris, Scotland, Upper Devonian period - Redpath Museum - McGill University - Montreal, Canada - DSC07986.jpg" Accessed Nov.16, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeopteris,_Scotland,_Upper_Devonian_period_-_Redpath_Museum_-_McGill_University_-_Montreal,_Canada_-_DSC07986.jpg</ref>
File:Devonianscene-green.jpg|Figure 4. Artist rendition of the Devonian.<ref>WikiMedia Commons."File:Devonianscene-green.jpg" Accessed Nov.16, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonian#/media/File:Devonianscene-green.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

[[File:ChronostratChart2018-08.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Figure 1. The ICS Chronostratigraphic Chart<ref name=ICS/>]]

==For Further Reading==
*[[Geologic time scale]]
*[[Geologic period]]
*[[Climate change]]
*[[Glaciation]]
*[[Stratigraphy]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
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Devonian - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2dev>Jmdonev at 02:33, 2 December 2018