Drought - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

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Energy>Jmdonev at 17:38, 30 January 2020

2020-01-30T17:38:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:38, 30 January 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-12-~~10]]~~		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
	~~[[Category: Rudi grade Ashley edit~~]]
	[[File:Drought.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Dessication cracks in dry earth due to drought.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Drought.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Dessication cracks in dry earth due to drought.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>A '''drought''' is a deficiency of [[precipitation]] over an extended period of time, relative to the region's typical precipitation levels.</onlyinclude> Its impacts vary from region to region which makes it difficult to define exactly what determines a drought. This is because certain places are used to not receiving much precipitation, while some places might rely on lots of precipitation. Therefore droughts depend on the demand that people place on their [[water]] supply, and the impacts that come as a result of its absence (Figure 1).<ref name=drou>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed September 27, 2015). ''What is Drought?'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisDrought.aspx</ref>		<onlyinclude>A '''drought''' is a deficiency of [[precipitation]] over an extended period of time, relative to the region's typical precipitation levels. While a bit vaguely defined '''megadrought''' is usually a drought that lasts for longer than a decade.</onlyinclude><ref>" Unraveling the mysteries of megadrought" Ault and St. George, Physics Today 71, 8, 44 (2018); https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/10.1063/PT.3.3997 </ref> Its impacts vary from region to region which makes it difficult to define exactly what determines a drought. This is because certain places are used to not receiving much precipitation, while some places might rely on lots of precipitation. Therefore droughts depend on the demand that people place on their [[water]] supply, and the impacts that come as a result of its absence (Figure 1).<ref name=drou>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed September 27, 2015). ''What is Drought?'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisDrought.aspx</ref>

	==Classifications and effects==		==Classifications and effects==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	~~[[category: Ed edit]]~~[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2019-01-04T18:14:53Z

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2dev>Jmdonev at 21:08, 15 November 2018

2018-11-15T21:08:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:08, 15 November 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10~~-15~~]]		[[Category:Done 2018-12-10]]
	[[File:Drought.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. ~~Cracks~~ in dry earth due to drought.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]		[[Category: Rudi grade Ashley edit]]
	<onlyinclude>A '''drought''' is a deficiency of [[precipitation]] over an extended period of time, relative to the region's typical precipitation levels.</onlyinclude> Its impacts vary from region to region which makes it difficult to define exactly what determines a drought. This is because certain places are used to not receiving much precipitation, while some places might rely on lots of precipitation. Therefore droughts depend on the demand that people place on their [[water]] supply, and the impacts that come as a result of its absence.<ref name=drou>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed September 27, 2015). ''What is Drought?'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisDrought.aspx</ref>		[[File:Drought.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Dessication cracks in dry earth due to drought.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]
			<onlyinclude>A '''drought''' is a deficiency of [[precipitation]] over an extended period of time, relative to the region's typical precipitation levels.</onlyinclude> Its impacts vary from region to region which makes it difficult to define exactly what determines a drought. This is because certain places are used to not receiving much precipitation, while some places might rely on lots of precipitation. Therefore droughts depend on the demand that people place on their [[water]] supply, and the impacts that come as a result of its absence (Figure 1).<ref name=drou>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed September 27, 2015). ''What is Drought?'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisDrought.aspx</ref>

	==Classifications and effects==		==Classifications and effects==
	There are 4 basic measures of drought, ~~although~~ all of ~~them~~ stem from a shortage of precipitation:<ref name=type>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed October 18, 2015). ''Types of Drought'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/TypesofDrought.aspx</ref>		There are four basic measures of drought, all of which stem from a shortage of precipitation:<ref name=type>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed October 18, 2015). ''Types of Drought'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/TypesofDrought.aspx</ref>

	===Meteorological drought===		===Meteorological drought===
	~~This type~~ is typically concerned with the '''dryness''' of the drought, along with its duration. It is ~~considered~~ relative to the region's ~~typical~~ rainfall~~, and~~ is often only useful for analyzing locations with consistent year-round rainfall patterns.<ref name=type/>		Meteorological drought is typically concerned with the '''dryness''' of the drought, along with its duration. It is measured relative to the region's average rainfall. It is often only useful for analyzing locations with consistent year-round rainfall patterns.<ref name=type/>

	===Agricultural drought===		===Agricultural drought===
	[[File:Huntington_Desert_Garden_Cactus_(etc).jpg\|230px\|thumb\|Figure 2. Certain plants are well-adapted to dry conditions.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Huntington_Desert_Garden_Cactus_%28etc%29.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Huntington_Desert_Garden_Cactus_(etc).jpg\|230px\|thumb\|Figure 2. Certain plants are well-adapted to dry conditions.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Huntington_Desert_Garden_Cactus_%28etc%29.jpg</ref>]]
	Agricultural drought is concerned with the impacts a drought could have on a region's agriculture. Although rainfall is important to keep track of, the variable of most concern is '''soil moisture levels'''.<Ref name=usgs>USGS. (Accessed October 18, 2015). ''California Drought Information'' [Online], Available: http://ca.water.usgs.gov/data/drought/</ref> The ~~actual~~ plants ~~themselves~~ are also important in the classification of such a drought, because many plants can survive with less water depending on ~~the~~ stage of growth ~~they are in~~. It is often during a ~~plants~~ early growth stages that water is the most crucial, so if the soil moisture is sufficient during this stage the drought's impacts may be lessened.		Agricultural drought is concerned with the impacts a drought could have on a region's agriculture. Although rainfall amount is important to keep track of, the variable of most concern is '''soil moisture levels'''.<Ref name=usgs>USGS. (Accessed October 18, 2015). ''California Drought Information'' [Online], Available: http://ca.water.usgs.gov/data/drought/</ref> The affected plants are also important in the classification of such a drought, because many plants can survive with less water depending on their stage of growth (Figure 2). It is often during a plant's early growth stages that water is the most crucial, so if the soil moisture is sufficient during this stage, the drought's impacts may be lessened.

	===Hydrologic drought===		===Hydrologic drought===
	[[File:droughtwater.jpg\|230px\|thumb\|Figure 3. Reservoir affected by drought.<ref>Geograph.org. (Accessed October 18, 2015). Copyright Lynne Kirton and licensed for reuse under this [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ Creative Commons license], Available: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/84546</ref>]]		[[File:droughtwater.jpg\|230px\|thumb\|Figure 3. Reservoir affected by drought.<ref>Geograph.org. (Accessed October 18, 2015). Copyright Lynne Kirton and licensed for reuse under this [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ Creative Commons license], Available: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/84546</ref>]]
	Hydrologic drought is most concerned with the effects that lessened rainfall has on '''water supply'''. Stream, river, lake, groundwater and reservoir levels are important as deficiencies can impact the local or regional [[hydrologic cycle]].<ref name=usgs/> These droughts are usually out of phase with meteorological and agricultural droughts~~, meaning they~~ often occur at a later time since water must find its way from the surface into these bodies of water. ~~The effects of this~~ may be negative ~~towards~~ the economy and society because there may be food shortages at one time, and drinking water and [[electricity]] (if produced by [[hydroelectric facilities]]) shortages at another.<ref name=type/>		Hydrologic drought is most concerned with the effects that lessened rainfall has on '''water supply'''. Stream, river, lake, groundwater, and reservoir levels are important as deficiencies can impact the local or regional [[hydrologic cycle]](Figure 3).<ref name=usgs/> These droughts are usually out of phase with meteorological and agricultural droughts. They often occur at a later time than the other droughts, since water must find its way from the surface into these bodies of water. This may have negative effects on the economy and society because there may be food shortages due to drought at one time, and drinking water and [[electricity]] (if produced by [[hydroelectric facilities]]) shortages at another.<ref name=type/>

	===Socioeconomic drought===		===Socioeconomic drought===
	This type associates the effects of the previous 3 mentioned droughts with the supply and demand of certain economic goods. All 3 droughts hinder various goods from being produced, and if these goods are in high demand there are numerous consequences. Such goods include fish, grains, [[hydroelectricity]] and the water itself.		This type associates the effects of the previous 3 mentioned droughts with the supply and demand of certain economic goods. All three droughts hinder various goods from being produced, and if these goods are in high demand there are numerous consequences. Such goods include fish, grains, [[hydroelectricity]] and the water itself.

	==Climate change effects on drought==		==Climate change effects on drought==
	Effects of [[global warming]] and [[climate change]] on drought are of great concern. Many scientists agree on future climate models ~~in which~~ the global hydrologic cycle intensifies. It is expected that global precipitation could increase 7-15%.<ref name=cc>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed October 18, 2015). ''Climate Change'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/ClimateChange.aspx</ref>		Effects of [[global warming]] and [[climate change]] on drought are of great concern. Many scientists agree on future climate models where the global hydrologic cycle intensifies. It is expected that global precipitation could increase by 7% to 15%.<ref name=cc>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed October 18, 2015). ''Climate Change'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/ClimateChange.aspx</ref>

	It might seem counter-intuitive that an increase in global rainfall will cause droughts, however an increase in rainfall and [[temperature]]s means an increase in [[evapotranspiration]]. Climate models generally show mid-continent regions as having more evapotranspiration than rainfall, which could result in long, severe droughts. With increased rainfall also comes the potential for [[flood]]s, which could be experienced by the same regions that experience drought.		It might seem counter-intuitive that an increase in global rainfall will cause droughts, however an increase in rainfall and [[temperature]]s means an increase in [[evapotranspiration]]. Climate models generally show mid-continent regions as having more evapotranspiration than rainfall, which could result in long, severe droughts. With increased rainfall also comes the potential for [[flood]]s, which could be experienced by the same regions that experience drought.

	For more information on climate change effects on drought visit the [https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch3s3-4-3.html IPCC here].		For more information on climate change effects on drought visit the [https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch3s3-4-3.html IPCC here].

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Precipitation]]
			*[[Water]]
			*[[Temperature]]
			*[[Climate]]
			*[[Global warming]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[category: Ed edit]]		[[category: Ed edit]][[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:34Z

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Jmdonev at 00:29, 23 October 2015

2015-10-23T00:29:29Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
[[File:Drought.jpg|300px|thumb|Figure 1. Cracks in dry earth due to drought.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>A '''drought''' is a deficiency of [[precipitation]] over an extended period of time, relative to the region's typical precipitation levels.</onlyinclude> Its impacts vary from region to region which makes it difficult to define exactly what determines a drought. This is because certain places are used to not receiving much precipitation, while some places might rely on lots of precipitation. Therefore droughts depend on the demand that people place on their [[water]] supply, and the impacts that come as a result of its absence.<ref name=drou>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed September 27, 2015). ''What is Drought?'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/WhatisDrought.aspx</ref>

==Classifications and effects==
There are 4 basic measures of drought, although all of them stem from a shortage of precipitation:<ref name=type>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed October 18, 2015). ''Types of Drought'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/TypesofDrought.aspx</ref>

===Meteorological drought===
This type is typically concerned with the '''dryness''' of the drought, along with its duration. It is considered relative to the region's typical rainfall, and is often only useful for analyzing locations with consistent year-round rainfall patterns.<ref name=type/>

===Agricultural drought===
[[File:Huntington_Desert_Garden_Cactus_(etc).jpg|230px|thumb|Figure 2. Certain plants are well-adapted to dry conditions.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Huntington_Desert_Garden_Cactus_%28etc%29.jpg</ref>]]
Agricultural drought is concerned with the impacts a drought could have on a region's agriculture. Although rainfall is important to keep track of, the variable of most concern is '''soil moisture levels'''.<Ref name=usgs>USGS. (Accessed October 18, 2015). ''California Drought Information'' [Online], Available: http://ca.water.usgs.gov/data/drought/</ref> The actual plants themselves are also important in the classification of such a drought, because many plants can survive with less water depending on the stage of growth they are in. It is often during a plants early growth stages that water is the most crucial, so if the soil moisture is sufficient during this stage the drought's impacts may be lessened.

===Hydrologic drought===
[[File:droughtwater.jpg|230px|thumb|Figure 3. Reservoir affected by drought.<ref>Geograph.org. (Accessed October 18, 2015). Copyright Lynne Kirton and licensed for reuse under this [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ Creative Commons license], Available: http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/84546</ref>]]
Hydrologic drought is most concerned with the effects that lessened rainfall has on '''water supply'''. Stream, river, lake, groundwater and reservoir levels are important as deficiencies can impact the local or regional [[hydrologic cycle]].<ref name=usgs/> These droughts are usually out of phase with meteorological and agricultural droughts, meaning they often occur at a later time since water must find its way from the surface into these bodies of water. The effects of this may be negative towards the economy and society because there may be food shortages at one time, and drinking water and [[electricity]] (if produced by [[hydroelectric facilities]]) shortages at another.<ref name=type/>

===Socioeconomic drought===
This type associates the effects of the previous 3 mentioned droughts with the supply and demand of certain economic goods. All 3 droughts hinder various goods from being produced, and if these goods are in high demand there are numerous consequences. Such goods include fish, grains, [[hydroelectricity]] and the water itself.

==Climate change effects on drought==
Effects of [[global warming]] and [[climate change]] on drought are of great concern. Many scientists agree on future climate models in which the global hydrologic cycle intensifies. It is expected that global precipitation could increase 7-15%.<ref name=cc>National Drought Mitigation Center. (accessed October 18, 2015). ''Climate Change'' [Online], Available: http://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/ClimateChange.aspx</ref>

It might seem counter-intuitive that an increase in global rainfall will cause droughts, however an increase in rainfall and [[temperature]]s means an increase in [[evapotranspiration]]. Climate models generally show mid-continent regions as having more evapotranspiration than rainfall, which could result in long, severe droughts. With increased rainfall also comes the potential for [[flood]]s, which could be experienced by the same regions that experience drought.

For more information on climate change effects on drought visit the [https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch3s3-4-3.html IPCC here].

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[category: Ed edit]]