Earth's energy budget - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:03:09Z

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energy>Ethan.boechler at 20:17, 10 September 2021

2021-09-10T20:17:04Z

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	[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]		[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]
			[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Bilan énergétique de la Terre]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Earth's energy budget''' refers to the tracking of how much [[energy]] is flowing into and out of the Earth's [[climate]], where the energy is going, and if the energy coming in balances with the energy going out.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">John Cook, Hayden Washington. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand'', 1st Edition. Washington, DC, Earthscan 2011.</ref> Understanding the Earth's energy budget can help to predict future effects of [[global warming]], and to understand the various [[Earth's energy flows\|flows of energy on the Earth]]. Additionally, knowing how Earth's energy budget balances can provide insight into how the [[Solar energy to the Earth\|energy from the Sun]] interacts with the [[atmosphere]]. For example, this is important when examining the affects of [[greenhouse gases]] in the atmosphere—to ensure conditions on Earth are habitable. For the energy budget to balance, all that needs to occur is:		<onlyinclude>'''Earth's energy budget''' refers to the tracking of how much [[energy]] is flowing into and out of the Earth's [[climate]], where the energy is going, and if the energy coming in balances with the energy going out.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">John Cook, Hayden Washington. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand'', 1st Edition. Washington, DC, Earthscan 2011.</ref> Understanding the Earth's energy budget can help to predict future effects of [[global warming]], and to understand the various [[Earth's energy flows\|flows of energy on the Earth]]. Additionally, knowing how Earth's energy budget balances can provide insight into how the [[Solar energy to the Earth\|energy from the Sun]] interacts with the [[atmosphere]]. For example, this is important when examining the affects of [[greenhouse gases]] in the atmosphere—to ensure conditions on Earth are habitable. For the energy budget to balance, all that needs to occur is:
	<center><math>Energy\;in=Energy\;out</math></center>		<center><math>Energy\;in=Energy\;out</math></center>

	==Earth's Energy Balance==		==Earth's Energy Balance==
	The two major components that must be investigated to determine if the Earth's energy budget balances is the incoming energy from the Sun and the outgoing infrared [[radiation]] from the Earth and its atmosphere. Looking ~~more closely~~ at the ~~interactions~~ that occur in the atmosphere and on the surface of the Earth can help to understand ~~more of~~ ''how'' the Earth's energy budget ~~balances by investigating the energy flows~~. Figure 1 shows the current understanding of how energy flows generally look on the Earth.		The two major components that must be investigated to determine if the Earth's energy budget balances is the incoming energy from the Sun and the outgoing infrared [[radiation]] from the Earth and its atmosphere. Looking at the energy flows that occur between the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth can help to understand ''how'' the Earth's energy budget is balanced. Figure 1 shows the current understanding of how energy flows generally look on the Earth.

	[[File:EnergyBudget3.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 1. Detailed diagram showing incoming and outgoing energy in a balanced example of Earth's energy budget, with incoming and outgoing values of 341 W/m<sup>2</sup>. General flows of energy on the surface and in the atmosphere are shown as well.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.'' Adapted from: R. Wolfson, Figure 12.5 in ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 331</ref>]]		[[File:EnergyBudget3.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 1. Detailed diagram showing incoming and outgoing energy in a balanced example of Earth's energy budget, with incoming and outgoing values of 341 W/m<sup>2</sup>. General flows of energy on the surface and in the atmosphere are shown as well.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.'' Adapted from: R. Wolfson, Figure 12.5 in ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 331</ref>]]
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	The incoming energy to the Earth and the outgoing energy from the Earth do not actually balance. This imbalance is partially caused by the incoming energy from the Sun—which varies with the seasons and changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson, (May 8, 2015). ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> Changes in the composition of Earth's atmosphere alters the quantity of energy absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere seen in Figure 1. Changing factors such as these result in a very small, but significant energy imbalance on the Earth.		The incoming energy to the Earth and the outgoing energy from the Earth do not actually balance. This imbalance is partially caused by the incoming energy from the Sun—which varies with the seasons and changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson, (May 8, 2015). ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> Changes in the composition of Earth's atmosphere alters the quantity of energy absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere seen in Figure 1. Changing factors such as these result in a very small, but significant energy imbalance on the Earth.

	As human activities increase the amount of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere, the energy imbalance continues to grow. Today, the energy imbalance amounts to approximately <math>0.9 \frac{W}{m^2}</math> of energy is coming in, than is leaving the Earth.<ref name="wolfson"/> Compared to flow values in the hundreds of [[watt]]s per [[meter]] squared, this imbalance seems negligible. However, to account for this imbalance, the Earth's temperature will increase in response. As well, since the amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are increasing, this value is projected to increase at a rate of <math>0.3 \frac{W}{m^2}</math> per decade, contributing even more to increasing temperatures.<ref>M. Balmaseda, J.Fasullo, and E. Trenberth. (May 8, 2015). ''Earth's Energy Imbalance'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/trenberth.papers/T_F_B_energyImb_JCLI_14.pdf</ref> It is this imbalance in the energy budget that results in increasing temperatures on the Earth, one of the most significant effects of [[climate change]].		As human activities increase the amount of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere, the energy imbalance continues to grow. Today, the energy imbalance amounts to approximately <math>0.9 \frac{W}{m^2}</math>. This means that more energy is coming in (and being absorbed) than is leaving the Earth.<ref name="wolfson"/> Compared to flow values in the hundreds of [[watt]]s per [[meter]] squared, this imbalance seems negligible. However, to account for this imbalance, the Earth's temperature will increase in response. As well, since the amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are increasing, this value is projected to increase at a rate of <math>0.3 \frac{W}{m^2}</math> per decade, contributing even more to increasing temperatures.<ref>M. Balmaseda, J.Fasullo, and E. Trenberth. (May 8, 2015). ''Earth's Energy Imbalance'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/trenberth.papers/T_F_B_energyImb_JCLI_14.pdf</ref> It is this imbalance in the energy budget that results in increasing temperatures on the Earth, one of the most significant effects of [[climate change]].

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-18T22:53:07Z

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Jmdonev at 18:57, 11 May 2018

2018-05-11T18:57:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:57, 11 May 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-07-24]]		[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Earth's energy budget''' refers to the tracking of how much [[energy]] is flowing into and out of the Earth's [[climate]], where the energy is going, and if the energy in balances with the energy out.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">John Cook, Hayden Washington. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand'', 1st Edition. Washington, DC, Earthscan 2011.</ref> Understanding the Earth's energy budget can help to predict future effects of [[global warming]], ~~as well as helping~~ to understand [[Earth's energy flows\|flows of energy on the Earth]]. Additionally, knowing how Earth's energy budget balances can provide insight into how the [[Solar energy to the Earth\|energy from the Sun]] interacts with the [[atmosphere]] ~~- specifically with~~ the [[greenhouse gases]] in the ~~atmosphere - to create~~ conditions ~~that make the~~ Earth habitable. For the energy budget to balance, all that needs to occur is:		<onlyinclude>'''Earth's energy budget''' refers to the tracking of how much [[energy]] is flowing into and out of the Earth's [[climate]], where the energy is going, and if the energy coming in balances with the energy going out.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">John Cook, Hayden Washington. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand'', 1st Edition. Washington, DC, Earthscan 2011.</ref> Understanding the Earth's energy budget can help to predict future effects of [[global warming]], and to understand the various [[Earth's energy flows\|flows of energy on the Earth]]. Additionally, knowing how Earth's energy budget balances can provide insight into how the [[Solar energy to the Earth\|energy from the Sun]] interacts with the [[atmosphere]]. For example, this is important when examining the affects of [[greenhouse gases]] in the atmosphere—to ensure conditions on Earth are habitable. For the energy budget to balance, all that needs to occur is:
	<center><m>Energy\;in=Energy\;out</m></center>		<center><math>Energy\;in=Energy\;out</math></center>

	==Earth's Energy Balance==		==Earth's Energy Balance==
	The two major components that must be investigated to determine if the Earth's energy budget balances is the incoming energy from the Sun and the outgoing infrared [[radiation]] from the Earth and its atmosphere. Looking more closely at the interactions that occur in the atmosphere and on the surface of the Earth can help to understand more of ''how'' the Earth's energy budget balances by investigating the energy flows. Figure 1 shows the current understanding of how energy flows on the Earth ~~look in broad terms~~.		The two major components that must be investigated to determine if the Earth's energy budget balances is the incoming energy from the Sun and the outgoing infrared [[radiation]] from the Earth and its atmosphere. Looking more closely at the interactions that occur in the atmosphere and on the surface of the Earth can help to understand more of ''how'' the Earth's energy budget balances by investigating the energy flows. Figure 1 shows the current understanding of how energy flows generally look on the Earth.

	[[File:EnergyBudget3.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 1. Detailed diagram showing incoming and outgoing energy in a balanced example of Earth's energy budget, with incoming and outgoing values of 341 W/m<sup>2</sup>. General flows of energy on the surface and in the atmosphere are shown as well.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.'' Adapted from: R. Wolfson, Figure 12.5 in ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 331</ref>]]		[[File:EnergyBudget3.png\|400px\|framed\|center\|Figure 1. Detailed diagram showing incoming and outgoing energy in a balanced example of Earth's energy budget, with incoming and outgoing values of 341 W/m<sup>2</sup>. General flows of energy on the surface and in the atmosphere are shown as well.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.'' Adapted from: R. Wolfson, Figure 12.5 in ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 331</ref>]]

	Earth's energy budget is vital in establishing the Earth's climate. When the energy budget balances, the [[temperature]] on the Earth stays relatively constant, with no overall increase or decrease in average temperature. The energy coming in to the Earth comes from the Sun, and over the surface of the planet this incoming radiation has a rate of transport of <m>341 \frac{W}{m^2}</m>. A thorough explanation of how this value is determined can be found [[Solar energy to the Earth#Calculating Solar Energy to Surface\|here]].		Earth's energy budget is vital in establishing the Earth's climate. When the energy budget balances, the [[temperature]] on the Earth stays relatively constant, with no overall increase or decrease in average temperature. The energy coming in to the Earth comes from the Sun, and over the surface of the planet this incoming radiation has a rate of transport of <math>341 \frac{W}{m^2}</math>. A thorough explanation of how this value is determined can be found [[Solar energy to the Earth#Calculating Solar Energy to Surface\|here]].

	~~Not~~ all of this energy reaches the ~~Earths~~ atmosphere or surface ~~however,~~ as some is reflected by [[cloud]]s or the atmosphere. The energy that does pass through is absorbed by the atmosphere or the surface, and then moves around through [[convection]], [[evaporation]], or in the form of [[latent heat]].<ref name="RE2">NASA Earth Observatory. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate and Earth's Energy Budget'' [Online]. Available: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance</ref> Finally, when the energy exits the Earth it can do so by emission from the surface of the Earth, by clouds, or by the atmosphere. Some of the energy that is radiated by the surface of the Earth is absorbed by clouds and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and then re-emitted downwards, which is how the surface of the Earth is heated and kept at a habitable temperature. This process of heating is known as the [[The greenhouse effect and Earth's energy budget\|greenhouse effect]]. Overall, the energy that exits the Earth in different forms, when added together is equal to the energy that is absorbed by different parts of the Earth.		However, not all of this energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere or surface as some is reflected by [[cloud]]s or the atmosphere. The energy that does pass through is absorbed by the atmosphere or the surface, and then moves around through [[convection]], [[evaporation]], or in the form of [[latent heat]].<ref name="RE2">NASA Earth Observatory. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate and Earth's Energy Budget'' [Online]. Available: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance</ref> Finally, when the energy exits the Earth it can do so by emission from the surface of the Earth, by clouds, or by the atmosphere. Some of the energy that is radiated by the surface of the Earth is absorbed by clouds and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and then re-emitted downwards, which is how the surface of the Earth is heated and kept at a habitable temperature. This process of heating is known as the [[The greenhouse effect and Earth's energy budget\|greenhouse effect]]. Overall, the energy that exits the Earth in different forms, when added together is equal to the energy that is absorbed by different parts of the Earth.

	==Earth's Energy Imbalance==		==Earth's Energy Imbalance==
	The incoming energy to the Earth and the outgoing energy from the Earth do not actually balance. This imbalance is partially caused by the incoming energy from the ~~Sun - which~~ varies with the seasons ~~- but due also to~~ changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson, (May 8, 2015). ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> Changes in the composition of Earth's atmosphere ~~changes~~ the ~~values~~ of energy absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere~~, shown~~ in Figure 1. Changing factors such as these result in a very small, but significant energy imbalance on the Earth.		The incoming energy to the Earth and the outgoing energy from the Earth do not actually balance. This imbalance is partially caused by the incoming energy from the Sun—which varies with the seasons and changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson, (May 8, 2015). ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> Changes in the composition of Earth's atmosphere alters the quantity of energy absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere seen in Figure 1. Changing factors such as these result in a very small, but significant energy imbalance on the Earth.

	As human activities increase the amount of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere, the energy imbalance continues to grow. Today, the energy imbalance amounts to approximately <m>0.9 \frac{W}{m^2}</m> ~~more~~ energy ~~incoming~~ than is leaving the Earth.<ref name="wolfson"/> Compared to flow values in the hundreds of [[watt]]s per [[meter]] squared, this imbalance seems negligible. However, to account for this imbalance, the Earth's temperature will increase in response. As well, since the amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are increasing, this value is projected to increase at a rate of <m>0.3 \frac{W}{m^2}</m> per decade, contributing even more to increasing temperatures.<ref>M. Balmaseda, J.Fasullo, and E. Trenberth. (May 8, 2015). ''Earth's Energy Imbalance'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/trenberth.papers/T_F_B_energyImb_JCLI_14.pdf</ref> It is this imbalance in the energy budget that results in increasing temperatures on the Earth, one of the most significant effects of [[climate change]].		As human activities increase the amount of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere, the energy imbalance continues to grow. Today, the energy imbalance amounts to approximately <math>0.9 \frac{W}{m^2}</math> of energy is coming in, than is leaving the Earth.<ref name="wolfson"/> Compared to flow values in the hundreds of [[watt]]s per [[meter]] squared, this imbalance seems negligible. However, to account for this imbalance, the Earth's temperature will increase in response. As well, since the amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are increasing, this value is projected to increase at a rate of <math>0.3 \frac{W}{m^2}</math> per decade, contributing even more to increasing temperatures.<ref>M. Balmaseda, J.Fasullo, and E. Trenberth. (May 8, 2015). ''Earth's Energy Imbalance'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/trenberth.papers/T_F_B_energyImb_JCLI_14.pdf</ref> It is this imbalance in the energy budget that results in increasing temperatures on the Earth, one of the most significant effects of [[climate change]].

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:30:44Z

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J.williams at 22:46, 11 August 2015

2015-08-11T22:46:18Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-07-24]]
<onlyinclude>'''Earth's energy budget''' refers to the tracking of how much [[energy]] is flowing into and out of the Earth's [[climate]], where the energy is going, and if the energy in balances with the energy out.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">John Cook, Hayden Washington. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand'', 1st Edition. Washington, DC, Earthscan 2011.</ref> Understanding the Earth's energy budget can help to predict future effects of [[global warming]], as well as helping to understand [[Earth's energy flows|flows of energy on the Earth]]. Additionally, knowing how Earth's energy budget balances can provide insight into how the [[Solar energy to the Earth|energy from the Sun]] interacts with the [[atmosphere]] - specifically with the [[greenhouse gases]] in the atmosphere - to create conditions that make the Earth habitable. For the energy budget to balance, all that needs to occur is:
<center><m>Energy\;in=Energy\;out</m></center>

==Earth's Energy Balance==
The two major components that must be investigated to determine if the Earth's energy budget balances is the incoming energy from the Sun and the outgoing infrared [[radiation]] from the Earth and its atmosphere. Looking more closely at the interactions that occur in the atmosphere and on the surface of the Earth can help to understand more of ''how'' the Earth's energy budget balances by investigating the energy flows. Figure 1 shows the current understanding of how energy flows on the Earth look in broad terms.

[[File:EnergyBudget3.png|400px|framed|center|Figure 1. Detailed diagram showing incoming and outgoing energy in a balanced example of Earth's energy budget, with incoming and outgoing values of 341 W/m<sup>2</sup>. General flows of energy on the surface and in the atmosphere are shown as well.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team.'' Adapted from: R. Wolfson, Figure 12.5 in ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 331</ref>]]

Earth's energy budget is vital in establishing the Earth's climate. When the energy budget balances, the [[temperature]] on the Earth stays relatively constant, with no overall increase or decrease in average temperature. The energy coming in to the Earth comes from the Sun, and over the surface of the planet this incoming radiation has a rate of transport of <m>341 \frac{W}{m^2}</m>. A thorough explanation of how this value is determined can be found [[Solar energy to the Earth#Calculating Solar Energy to Surface|here]].

Not all of this energy reaches the Earths atmosphere or surface however, as some is reflected by [[cloud]]s or the atmosphere. The energy that does pass through is absorbed by the atmosphere or the surface, and then moves around through [[convection]], [[evaporation]], or in the form of [[latent heat]].<ref name="RE2">NASA Earth Observatory. (May 8, 2015). ''Climate and Earth's Energy Budget'' [Online]. Available: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance</ref> Finally, when the energy exits the Earth it can do so by emission from the surface of the Earth, by clouds, or by the atmosphere. Some of the energy that is radiated by the surface of the Earth is absorbed by clouds and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and then re-emitted downwards, which is how the surface of the Earth is heated and kept at a habitable temperature. This process of heating is known as the [[The greenhouse effect and Earth's energy budget|greenhouse effect]]. Overall, the energy that exits the Earth in different forms, when added together is equal to the energy that is absorbed by different parts of the Earth.

==Earth's Energy Imbalance==
The incoming energy to the Earth and the outgoing energy from the Earth do not actually balance. This imbalance is partially caused by the incoming energy from the Sun - which varies with the seasons - but due also to changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name="wolfson">R. Wolfson, (May 8, 2015). ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> Changes in the composition of Earth's atmosphere changes the values of energy absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere, shown in Figure 1. Changing factors such as these result in a very small, but significant energy imbalance on the Earth.

As human activities increase the amount of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere, the energy imbalance continues to grow. Today, the energy imbalance amounts to approximately <m>0.9 \frac{W}{m^2}</m> more energy incoming than is leaving the Earth.<ref name="wolfson"/> Compared to flow values in the hundreds of [[watt]]s per [[meter]] squared, this imbalance seems negligible. However, to account for this imbalance, the Earth's temperature will increase in response. As well, since the amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are increasing, this value is projected to increase at a rate of <m>0.3 \frac{W}{m^2}</m> per decade, contributing even more to increasing temperatures.<ref>M. Balmaseda, J.Fasullo, and E. Trenberth. (May 8, 2015). ''Earth's Energy Imbalance'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/trenberth.papers/T_F_B_energyImb_JCLI_14.pdf</ref> It is this imbalance in the energy budget that results in increasing temperatures on the Earth, one of the most significant effects of [[climate change]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]