Electrical transmission - Revision history

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energy>Jmdonev at 17:41, 18 February 2020

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	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[File:power line.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. High voltage power lines are used for the transmission of electricity over long distances.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ligne_haute-tension.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:power line.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. High voltage power lines are used for the transmission of electricity over long distances.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ligne_haute-tension.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Electrical transmission''' is the process of delivering [[electricity generation\|generated electricity]] - usually over long distances - to the [[distribution grid]] located in populated areas.</onlyinclude><ref name=prime>R. Paynter and B.J. Boydell, "Power Transmission and Distribution: An Overview" in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1st ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011, ch.25, sec.1, pp.1095-1097</ref> An important part of this process includes [[transformer]]s which are used to increase [[voltage]] levels to make long distance transmission feasible.<ref name=prime/>		<onlyinclude>'''Electrical transmission''' is the process of delivering [[electricity generation\|generated electricity]] - usually over long distances - to the [[distribution grid]] located in populated areas.</onlyinclude><ref name=prime>R. Paynter and B.J. Boydell, "Power Transmission and Distribution: An Overview" in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1st ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011, ch.25, sec.1, pp.1095-1097</ref> An important part of this process includes [[transformer]]s which are used to increase [[voltage]] levels to make long distance transmission feasible.<ref name=prime/>

	The electrical transmission system ~~is used in combination~~ with [[power plant]]s, distribution systems, and sub-stations to form what is known as the '''[[electrical grid]]'''. The grid ~~is designed to meet all of~~ society's [[electricity]] needs, and is what gets the [[electric power to the grid\|electrical power]] from its ~~beginning~~ to its [[end use energy\|end use]]. Since power plants are most often [[Electricity#Where is it generated?\|located outside of densely populated areas]], the transmission system must be fairly large.		The electrical transmission system combined with [[power plant]]s, distribution systems, and sub-stations to form what is known as the '''[[electrical grid]]'''. The grid meets society's [[electricity]] needs, and is what gets the [[electric power to the grid\|electrical power]] from its generation to its [[end use energy\|end use]]. Since power plants are most often [[Electricity#Where is it generated?\|located outside of densely populated areas]], the transmission system must be fairly large.

	==Power Lines==		==Power Lines==
	Power lines or transmission lines, such as those in Figure 1, ~~are used to~~ transport electricity from place to place. ~~This~~ electricity is ~~in the form of~~ [[alternating current]] ~~and begins at~~ step-up transformers~~, and typically span a distance of~~ 500 [[meter\|kilometer]]s or less. There are 3 types of lines:<ref name=sec>R. Paynter and B.J. Boydell, "Transmission Lines and Substations" in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1st ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011, ch.25, sec.3, pp.1102-1104</ref>		Power lines or transmission lines, such as those in Figure 1, transport electricity from place to place. Usually, this electricity is [[alternating current]] so step-up transformers can increase the voltage. This increased voltage allows efficient transmission for 500 [[meter\|kilometer]]s or less. There are 3 types of lines:<ref name=sec>R. Paynter and B.J. Boydell, "Transmission Lines and Substations" in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1st ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011, ch.25, sec.3, pp.1102-1104</ref>

	*'''Overhead lines''' are very high voltage, between 100 kV and 800 kV, and do the majority of long distance transmission. They must be high voltage in order to minimize power losses to [[resistance]].		*'''Overhead lines''' are very high voltage, between 100 kV and 800 kV, and do the majority of long distance transmission. They must be high voltage in order to minimize power losses to [[resistance]].

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Jmdonev at 21:44, 9 May 2018

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-06-11]]		[[Category:Done 2018-04-30]]
	[[File:power line.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. High voltage power lines are used for the transmission of electricity over long distances.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ligne_haute-tension.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:power line.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. High voltage power lines are used for the transmission of electricity over long distances.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ligne_haute-tension.jpg</ref>]]

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	===Reducing Power Line Losses===		===Reducing Power Line Losses===
	Power lines lose power to resistance, which is [[heat]] generated by moving [[current]] through a [[resistor]]. The loss of power (<m>P_{lost}</m>) is given by the equation:<ref name=sec/>		Power lines lose power to resistance, which is [[heat]] generated by moving [[electric current]] through a [[resistor]]. The loss of power (<math>P_{lost}</math>) is given by the equation:<ref name=sec/>

	<center><m>P_{lost}=I^2\times R</m></center>		<center><math>P_{lost}=I^2\times R</math></center>

	where		where

	*<m>I</m> is the current in [[ampere]]s		*<math>I</math> is the current in [[ampere]]s
	*<m>R</m> is the resistance in [[ohm]]s		*<math>R</math> is the resistance in [[ohm]]s

	Above, it was mentioned that high voltage lines reduce this lost power. This fact can be explained by looking at the transmitted power, <m>P_{trans}=I\times V</m>. As the voltage gets higher, the current must decrease in proportion because the power is remaining constant. For example, if the voltage is increased by a factor of 100, the current must decrease by a factor of 100 and the resulting power lost will be decreased by 100<sup>2</sup> = 10000. However there is a limit, being that at extremely high voltages (2000 kV) the electricity begins to discharge resulting in high losses.<ref name=sec/> In the transmission ''and'' distribution of electricity in the United States, the EIA estimates that about 6% of the electricity is lost.<ref>EIA. (May 27, 2015). ''Electricity Losses'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=105&t=3</ref>		Above, it was mentioned that high voltage lines reduce this lost power. This fact can be explained by looking at the transmitted power, <math>P_{trans}=I\times V</math>. As the voltage gets higher, the current must decrease in proportion because the power is remaining constant. For example, if the voltage is increased by a factor of 100, the current must decrease by a factor of 100 and the resulting power lost will be decreased by 100<sup>2</sup> = 10000. However there is a limit, being that at extremely high voltages (2000 kV) the electricity begins to discharge resulting in high losses.<ref name=sec/> In the transmission ''and'' distribution of electricity in the United States, the EIA estimates that about 6% of the electricity is lost.<ref>EIA. (May 27, 2015). ''Electricity Losses'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=105&t=3</ref>

			== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:
			*[[Electrical generation]]
			*[[Distribution grid]]
			*[[Transformer]]
			*[[Connecting homes to the electrical grid ]]
			*[[Energy for electricity by country]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\| random page!]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

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J.williams at 16:53, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:53:13Z

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[[Category:Done 2015-06-11]]
[[File:power line.jpg|300px|thumb|Figure 1. High voltage power lines are used for the transmission of electricity over long distances.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ligne_haute-tension.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Electrical transmission''' is the process of delivering [[electricity generation|generated electricity]] - usually over long distances - to the [[distribution grid]] located in populated areas.</onlyinclude><ref name=prime>R. Paynter and B.J. Boydell, "Power Transmission and Distribution: An Overview" in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1st ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011, ch.25, sec.1, pp.1095-1097</ref> An important part of this process includes [[transformer]]s which are used to increase [[voltage]] levels to make long distance transmission feasible.<ref name=prime/>

The electrical transmission system is used in combination with [[power plant]]s, distribution systems, and sub-stations to form what is known as the '''[[electrical grid]]'''. The grid is designed to meet all of society's [[electricity]] needs, and is what gets the [[electric power to the grid|electrical power]] from its beginning to its [[end use energy|end use]]. Since power plants are most often [[Electricity#Where is it generated?|located outside of densely populated areas]], the transmission system must be fairly large.

==Power Lines==
Power lines or transmission lines, such as those in Figure 1, are used to transport electricity from place to place. This electricity is in the form of [[alternating current]] and begins at step-up transformers, and typically span a distance of 500 [[meter|kilometer]]s or less. There are 3 types of lines:<ref name=sec>R. Paynter and B.J. Boydell, "Transmission Lines and Substations" in ''Introduction to Electricity'', 1st ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011, ch.25, sec.3, pp.1102-1104</ref>

*'''Overhead lines''' are very high voltage, between 100 kV and 800 kV, and do the majority of long distance transmission. They must be high voltage in order to minimize power losses to [[resistance]].
*'''Underground lines''' are used to transport power through populated areas, underwater, or pretty much anywhere that overhead lines can't be used. They are less common than overhead lines due to heat-related losses and higher cost.
*'''Subtransmission lines''' carry lower voltages (26 kV - 69 kV) to distribution stations, and can be overhead or underground.

[[File:electricitymap.png|800px|thumb|center|Figure 2. Transmission line map of USA and Canada.<ref>EIA, ''Canada Week: Integrated electric grid improves reliability for United States, Canada'' [Online], Available: http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=8930</ref>]]

===Reducing Power Line Losses===
Power lines lose power to resistance, which is [[heat]] generated by moving [[current]] through a [[resistor]]. The loss of power (<m>P_{lost}</m>) is given by the equation:<ref name=sec/>

<center><m>P_{lost}=I^2\times R</m></center>

where

*<m>I</m> is the current in [[ampere]]s
*<m>R</m> is the resistance in [[ohm]]s

Above, it was mentioned that high voltage lines reduce this lost power. This fact can be explained by looking at the transmitted power, <m>P_{trans}=I\times V</m>. As the voltage gets higher, the current must decrease in proportion because the power is remaining constant. For example, if the voltage is increased by a factor of 100, the current must decrease by a factor of 100 and the resulting power lost will be decreased by 100<sup>2</sup> = 10000. However there is a limit, being that at extremely high voltages (2000 kV) the electricity begins to discharge resulting in high losses.<ref name=sec/> In the transmission ''and'' distribution of electricity in the United States, the EIA estimates that about 6% of the electricity is lost.<ref>EIA. (May 27, 2015). ''Electricity Losses'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=105&t=3</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]