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[[File:wet cell electrolyte.JPG|300px|thumb|framed|Figure 1. Electrolytes are commonly [[liquid]]s (as seen in this representation of a [[wet cell]] battery, but can also be [[solid]]s (for example in a solid-state [[battery]]).<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (April 3, 2007). [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battery098.png</ref>]]
[[File:All-solid-state battery showing the solid-state electrolyte.png|300px|thumb|framed|Figure 2. Electrolytes are commonly [[liquid]]s, but can be [[solid]]s as seen in this representation of a solid-state battery.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (June 23, 2020). [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All-Solid-State_Battery.png</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Electrolytes''' are substances that produce [[ion]]s when dissolved in [[water]]. They can be divided into [[acid]]s, [[base]]s, and [[salts]].<ref>Robert Ireland & Chuen Albert Yeung. “Electrolyte.” ''A Dictionary of Dentistry.'' Oxford University Press, 2020.</ref> These solutions conduct [[electricity]] due to the mobility of the positive and negative [[ion]]s, which are called [[cation]]s and [[anion]]s respectively.</onlyinclude><ref name=chem>“Electrolytes.” Chemistry LibreTexts, August 15, 2020. [Online], Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/31605.</ref> For example, in a lead-acid car battery, the electrolyte is dilute sulphuric acid, which contains negative sulphate ions (SO42-, an anion) and positive hydrogen ions (H+, a cation). <ref>“Electrolyte.” ''Oxford World Encyclopedia: Philip's (1st ed.),'' 2014.</ref>

Electrolytes may be [[covalent bond|covalent]] compounds that [[chemical reaction|chemically react]] with water to produce [[ion]]s (for example, acids and bases), or they may be [[ionic bond|ionic]] compounds that dissociate into cations and anions (for example, ionic salts), when dissolved. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not produce ions when dissolved in [[water]].<ref>Theopold, Paul Flowers, Klaus, and Richard Langley et al. 2019. “Electrolytes.” OpenStax CNX. June 5, 2019. [Online], Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/105615.</ref>

[[Battery|batteries always require [[solution]]s of electrolytes to operate. In most cases, these are [[liquid]]s (see figure 1). However, electrolytes can also be [[solid]]s, particularly in solid-state [[battery|batteries]] (figure 2). The simplest battery consists of two electrodes, which transfer [[electron]]s and [[ion]]s between each other. The [[electron]]s move through an external wire, and the [[ion]]s move through the '''electrolyte'''.<ref name=chem/> [[Fuel cell]]s also need an electrolyte in order to operate.

To learn more about electrolytes, please check out [https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/31605 UC Davis' chem wiki].
==For Further Reading==
*[[Solvent]], [[solute]]
*[[Battery]], [[fuel cell]]
*[[Electrochemical cell]]
*[[Acid]], [[base]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]

Electrolyte - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

energy>Jmdonev at 22:21, 19 October 2021