Electron hole - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

2018-06-04T16:52:32Z

1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:52, 4 June 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 21:51, 1 June 2018

2018-06-01T21:51:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:51, 1 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done 2018-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2018-06-01]]
	[[File:electronhole.png\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram showing a crystal lattice and how the movement of an electron from the valence band creates a hole.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team. Adapted from: HyperPhysics. (August 20, 2015). P and N-Type Semiconductors [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html</ref>]]		[[File:electronhole.png\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram showing a crystal lattice and how the movement of an electron from the valence band creates a hole.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team. Adapted from: HyperPhysics. (August 20, 2015). P and N-Type Semiconductors [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html</ref>]]

Line 8:		Line 8:
	Holes are formed when electrons in atoms move out of the [[valence band]] (the outermost shell of the atom that is completely filled with electrons) into the [[conduction band]] (the area in an atom where electrons can escape easily), which happens everywhere in a [[semiconductor]].		Holes are formed when electrons in atoms move out of the [[valence band]] (the outermost shell of the atom that is completely filled with electrons) into the [[conduction band]] (the area in an atom where electrons can escape easily), which happens everywhere in a [[semiconductor]].

	In order to encourage hole formation semiconductors are doped with certain [[element]]s. These semiconductors, where holes are the most prominent charge carrier, are known as p-type.<ref name="RE1"/> When an element that has one less electron in its outer shell than [[silicon]], such as [[boron]], is added into a crystalline structure of silicon it replaces one of the silicon atoms in the crystalline structure.<ref>Tomas Markvart. ''Solar Electricity'', 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2000</ref> This can be seen in Figure 1. These holes readily accept free electrons and complement n-type [[semiconductor]]s as the excess electrons of the n-type can be absorbed by the p-type. This property is integral to the [[diode operation\|p-n junction]], a vital component in the [[diode operation\|operation of a diode]] and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. [[~~Conductivity~~]] is drastically increased with either the production of extra electrons or holes.<ref name=hyperphysics/>		In order to encourage hole formation semiconductors are doped with certain [[element]]s. These semiconductors, where holes are the most prominent charge carrier, are known as p-type.<ref name="RE1"/> When an element that has one less electron in its outer shell than [[silicon]], such as [[boron]], is added into a crystalline structure of silicon it replaces one of the silicon atoms in the crystalline structure.<ref>Tomas Markvart. ''Solar Electricity'', 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2000</ref> This can be seen in Figure 1. These holes readily accept free electrons and complement n-type [[semiconductor]]s as the excess electrons of the n-type can be absorbed by the p-type. This property is integral to the [[diode operation\|p-n junction]], a vital component in the [[diode operation\|operation of a diode]] and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. [[Electrical conductivity]] is drastically increased with either the production of extra electrons or holes.<ref name=hyperphysics/>

	Both electrons and holes are vital to the creation of current in semiconductors. Under the influence of some external [[voltage]], both electrons and holes can move through a semiconducting material. This process is known as applying a forward or reverse [[diode operation\|bias]].<ref name=hyperphysics>HyperPhysics. (August 17, 2015). ''Electrons and Holes'' [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html#c4</ref>		Both electrons and holes are vital to the creation of current in semiconductors. Under the influence of some external [[voltage]], both electrons and holes can move through a semiconducting material. This process is known as applying a forward or reverse [[diode operation\|bias]].<ref name=hyperphysics>HyperPhysics. (August 17, 2015). ''Electrons and Holes'' [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html#c4</ref>

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-11T18:17:08Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:17, 11 May 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 22:00, 9 May 2018

2018-05-09T22:00:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:00, 9 May 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-08-21]]		[[Category:Done 2018-04-30]]
	[[File:electronhole.png\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram showing a crystal lattice and how the movement of an electron from the valence band creates a hole.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team. Adapted from: HyperPhysics. (August 20, 2015). P and N-Type Semiconductors [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html</ref>]]		[[File:electronhole.png\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram showing a crystal lattice and how the movement of an electron from the valence band creates a hole.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team. Adapted from: HyperPhysics. (August 20, 2015). P and N-Type Semiconductors [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>An '''electron hole''' is one of the two types of [[charge carrier]]s that are responsible for creating [[current]] in [[semiconductor\|semiconducting materials]]. A hole can be seen as the "opposite" of an [[electron]].</onlyinclude> Unlike an electron which has a negative charge, holes have a positive charge that is equal in magnitude but opposite in polarity to the charge an electron has.<ref name="RE1">Margaret Rouse. (August 17, 2015). ''What is a Hole?'' [Online]. Available: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/hole</ref>		<onlyinclude>An '''electron hole''' is one of the two types of [[charge carrier]]s that are responsible for creating [[electric current]] in [[semiconductor\|semiconducting materials]]. A hole can be seen as the "opposite" of an [[electron]].</onlyinclude> Unlike an electron which has a negative charge, holes have a positive charge that is equal in magnitude but opposite in polarity to the charge an electron has.<ref name="RE1">Margaret Rouse. (August 17, 2015). ''What is a Hole?'' [Online]. Available: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/hole</ref>

	Holes can sometimes be confusing as they are not physical [[particle]]s in the way that electrons are, rather they are the ''absence'' of an electron in an [[atom]]. Holes can move from atom to atom in semiconducting materials as electrons leave their positions.<ref name="RE1"/> An analogy may be helpful. Imagine people standing in a line, on a set of steps. If the person at the front of the line goes up one step, that person leaves a hole. As everyone steps up one step the available step (the hole) moves down the steps.		Holes can sometimes be confusing as they are not physical [[particle]]s in the way that electrons are, rather they are the ''absence'' of an electron in an [[atom]]. Holes can move from atom to atom in semiconducting materials as electrons leave their positions.<ref name="RE1"/> An analogy may be helpful. Imagine people standing in a line, on a set of steps. If the person at the front of the line goes up one step, that person leaves a hole. As everyone steps up one step the available step (the hole) moves down the steps.
Line 13:		Line 13:

	For more in-depth information on this concept, click [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html here] or [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html here].		For more in-depth information on this concept, click [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html here] or [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html here].

			== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:
			*[[Semiconductor]]
			*[[Metal]]
			*[[Photovoltaic cell]]
			*[[Diode]]
			*[[Charge carrier]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\| random page!]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:51Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

J.williams at 18:50, 24 August 2015

2015-08-24T18:50:39Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-08-21]]
[[File:electronhole.png|400px|thumb|right|Figure 1. A diagram showing a crystal lattice and how the movement of an electron from the valence band creates a hole.<ref>''Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team. Adapted from: HyperPhysics. (August 20, 2015). P and N-Type Semiconductors [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>An '''electron hole''' is one of the two types of [[charge carrier]]s that are responsible for creating [[current]] in [[semiconductor|semiconducting materials]]. A hole can be seen as the "opposite" of an [[electron]].</onlyinclude> Unlike an electron which has a negative charge, holes have a positive charge that is equal in magnitude but opposite in polarity to the charge an electron has.<ref name="RE1">Margaret Rouse. (August 17, 2015). ''What is a Hole?'' [Online]. Available: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/hole</ref>

Holes can sometimes be confusing as they are not physical [[particle]]s in the way that electrons are, rather they are the ''absence'' of an electron in an [[atom]]. Holes can move from atom to atom in semiconducting materials as electrons leave their positions.<ref name="RE1"/> An analogy may be helpful. Imagine people standing in a line, on a set of steps. If the person at the front of the line goes up one step, that person leaves a hole. As everyone steps up one step the available step (the hole) moves down the steps.

Holes are formed when electrons in atoms move out of the [[valence band]] (the outermost shell of the atom that is completely filled with electrons) into the [[conduction band]] (the area in an atom where electrons can escape easily), which happens everywhere in a [[semiconductor]].

In order to encourage hole formation semiconductors are doped with certain [[element]]s. These semiconductors, where holes are the most prominent charge carrier, are known as p-type.<ref name="RE1"/> When an element that has one less electron in its outer shell than [[silicon]], such as [[boron]], is added into a crystalline structure of silicon it replaces one of the silicon atoms in the crystalline structure.<ref>Tomas Markvart. ''Solar Electricity'', 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2000</ref> This can be seen in Figure 1. These holes readily accept free electrons and complement n-type [[semiconductor]]s as the excess electrons of the n-type can be absorbed by the p-type. This property is integral to the [[diode operation|p-n junction]], a vital component in the [[diode operation|operation of a diode]] and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. [[Conductivity]] is drastically increased with either the production of extra electrons or holes.<ref name=hyperphysics/>

Both electrons and holes are vital to the creation of current in semiconductors. Under the influence of some external [[voltage]], both electrons and holes can move through a semiconducting material. This process is known as applying a forward or reverse [[diode operation|bias]].<ref name=hyperphysics>HyperPhysics. (August 17, 2015). ''Electrons and Holes'' [Online]. Available: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html#c4</ref>

For more in-depth information on this concept, click [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/intrin.html here] or [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html here].

==References==
{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]