Energy currency - Revision history

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	<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources ~~is often~~ transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>		[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Devise énergétique]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Moneda de cambio energético]]
			<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources almost always transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>

	Humans harvest [[energy]] from [[~~primary~~ energy]] ~~sources and eventually turn this energy~~ into an [[energy service]]. ~~The primary~~ energy ~~are the~~ [[primary energy flow]]s (like [[solar power]]) or [[primary fuel]]s (like [[raw natural gas]]) ~~that harvests [[energy]] from nature~~. The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a [[cell phone]]; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].		Humans harvest [[primary energy]] from nature and eventually turn this [[energy]] into an [[energy service]]. Primary energy sources include [[primary energy flow]]s (like [[solar power]]) and [[primary fuel]]s (like [[raw natural gas]]). The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a [[cell phone]]; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].

	[[File:EnergyFlow.png\|830px\|thumb\|center\|Figure 1. A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]		[[File:EnergyFlow.png\|830px\|thumb\|center\|Figure 1. A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]

	~~This model of~~ energy ~~currency as an intermediate step works best with~~ [[~~electricity~~]]. ~~Electricity~~ is ~~flexible~~, ~~easy to use~~ for ~~just about anything~~, ~~and is made specifically~~ for the ~~transportation~~ and ~~use of energy. Electricity will never run out because~~ the [[~~electron~~]]~~s aren't getting used up; they're just carrying energy by moving. More energy can always be put into~~ the ~~same electrons over and over again, and taken out~~ to ~~use for more energy services~~.		Electricity, consumer natural gas and gasoline are the most relevant energy currencies, and are derived from [[primary energy]]. These energy currencies are easier to turn into useful [[work]] than most primary energy is. For example, a lump of [[coal]] can be burned for [[lighting]] a house, but it’s much cleaner (at least for the living room) to burn that lump of coal in a [[power plant]] and send the electricity through the [[grid]] to the [[connecting homes to the electrical grid\|house]].

	~~Many people~~ are ~~talking about using molecular [[hydrogen as an~~ energy ~~currency]] (that's hydrogen as a [[molecule]]~~, ~~rather~~ than ~~hydrogen as an~~ [[~~atom~~]]), ~~with~~ the ~~thought that~~ [[~~hydrogen~~]] ~~will become an increasingly important energy currency<ref name= Scott/> (and some disagree<ref>McMahon, ''Emperor's New Hydrogen Economy,'' 1st edition. iUniverse~~, ~~Inc., 2006</ref>). Electricity, gasoline, and hydrogen are derived from primary energy and are easier to turn into useful~~ [[~~work~~]] ~~than most primary energy is. For example~~, ~~a lump of~~ [[~~coal~~]] ~~can be burned for~~ [[~~lighting~~]] ~~a house~~, ~~but it’s much cleaner (at least for the living room) to burn that lump of coal in a~~ [[~~power plant~~]] ~~and send the~~ electricity ~~through the [[grid]]~~ to the [[~~connecting homes to the electrical grid\|house~~]].		Energy currencies are flexible; they can be used for many energy services. For example, electricity is far more flexible than [[wind power]]. When an electric kettle boils water, the water boils no differently whether the electricity came from [[coal-fired power plant\|coal]], [[nuclear power\|nuclear]], [[biomass]], [[wind power\|wind]], or [[hydroelectric facility\|hydro]]. The electricity could have also been used to play a computer game. See more in the article [[electricity as an energy currency]].

	~~Energy currencies are flexible; they can be used for many~~ energy ~~services. For example, electricity~~ is ~~far more flexible~~ than ~~[[wind power]]~~. ~~When an electric kettle boils water~~, the ~~water boils no differently whether the~~ electricity ~~came from [[coal-fired power plant\|coal]], [[natural gas power plant\|natural gas]], [[nuclear power\|nuclear]], [[biomass]], [[wind power\|wind]], or [[hydroelectric facility\|hydro]]. The~~ electricity ~~could have also been used to play a computer game~~. ~~See~~ more in the article [[~~electricity as an~~ energy ~~currency~~]].		This flexibility of use means that, in general, the amount of energy currency that the world uses is growing faster than primary energy use is. In other words, the percentage of energy use that goes to electricity is rising (electricity use is rising faster than energy use). Worldwide, more and more energy is being turned into energy currencies because of how useful they are. Visit the article on [[trends in energy currencies]] for more information.

	~~This flexibility~~ of use ~~means that, in general~~, the ~~amount~~ of energy ~~currency that~~ the ~~world uses is growing faster than primary~~ energy ~~use is~~. ~~In other words~~, ~~the percentage of energy use that goes~~ to ~~electricity is rising (electricity~~ use ~~is rising faster than~~ energy ~~use)~~.		==Examples of Energy Currency==
			===Electricity===
			The most relevant energy currency in society is [[electricity]]. Electricity is flexible, easy to use for just about anything, and is made specifically for the transportation and use of energy. Electricity will never run out because the [[electron]]s aren't getting used up; they're just carrying energy by moving. More energy can always be put into the same electrons over and over again, and taken out to use for more energy services.

	[[Gasoline]] and ~~other~~ [[~~secondary fuel~~]]s are ~~also often considered~~ energy currencies. While these are not as flexible as electricity, they are an intermediate form of energy that is produced specifically to enable easy use of the stored [[chemical energy]].		===Oil Products===
			[[Gasoline]], [[diesel]] and [[kerosene]] are energy currencies as well. While these are not as flexible as electricity, they are an intermediate form of energy that is produced specifically to enable easy use of the stored [[chemical energy]].

	~~The idea of~~ an energy currency ~~gets far more murky with [[natural gas~~]]~~. Since natural gas can be used with very minimal processing it~~'s ~~often considered~~ a ~~primary energy source~~, ~~but since it's delivering energy services it could be considered~~ an ~~energy currency. Natural gas is quite flexible and is used for (among many possibilities):~~ [[~~electricity generation~~]], [[~~home heating~~]], and ~~cooking. This flexibility is certainly greater than gasoline~~, ~~but since it~~'s ~~not an intermediate source the idea of energy currency gets less clear~~.		===Hydrogen===
			Many people are talking about using molecular [[hydrogen as an energy currency]] (that's hydrogen as a [[molecule]], rather than hydrogen as an [[atom]]), with the thought that [[hydrogen]] will become an increasingly important energy currency<ref name= Scott/> (and some disagree<ref>McMahon, ''Emperor's New Hydrogen Economy,'' 1st edition. iUniverse, Inc., 2006</ref>).

	~~Even more murky is the~~ idea of [[~~nuclear fuel~~]]. ~~This~~ is ~~an intermediate form of energy~~, ~~put into this form in order to make it easier to use~~. ~~Granted~~, ~~this form~~ is ~~quite inflexible; nuclear~~ fuel ~~usually has~~ to ~~be put into a specific type of~~ [[~~nuclear reactor~~]], and ~~not just any reactor will do! This means that while an intermediate form, it's not usually considered an energy currency~~.		===Natural Gas===
			The idea of an energy currency gets more confusing with [[natural gas]]. Natural gas is used with very minimal processing, the distinction between [[raw natural gas]] and [[consumer natural gas]] isn't talked about much. That being said, raw natural gas still must undergo [[natural gas processing]] at a [[natural gas processing plant]]. Raw natural gas is extracted from the ground and would be a primary fuel. Consumer natural gas is used for heating or for vehicles that use natural gas to operate. Natural gas is quite flexible and is used for (among many possibilities): [[electricity generation]], [[home heating]], and cooking.

	~~Worldwide~~, ~~more and more~~ energy is ~~being turned into~~ energy ~~currencies~~ because of ~~how useful they are~~. ~~Please see~~ the ~~article on~~ [[~~trends~~ in energy currencies]].		In summary, when extracted from the ground, before it's processed, natural gas (raw natural gas) is primary, but the gas delivered for use by consumers (consumer natural gas) is an energy currency.

			===Nuclear Fuel===
			[[Nuclear fuel]] is not considered an energy currency even though it is considered a secondary fuel. Nuclear fuel is a secondary fuel because nuclear power plants cannot use raw [[uranium]] ore as fuel; the ore needs to be processed into [[fuel pellet]]s. Nuclear fuel is an intermediate form of energy which makes it easier to use. This form of fuel is quite inflexible; nuclear fuel usually has to be put into a specific type of [[nuclear reactor]], and not just any reactor will do! This means that while an intermediate form, it's not an energy currency, because it provides electricity (and perhaps heat someday) but the nuclear fuel itself is not used to provide [[energy service]]s (like space heating, transportation, etc.).

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Trends in energy currencies]]
			*[[Energy service]]
			*[[Electricity]]
			*[[Raw natural gas]] and [[Consumer natural gas]]
			*[[Hydrogen as an energy currency]]
			*[[Wind power]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\| random page]]
	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-04-28T15:32:39Z

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energy>Jmdonev at 22:08, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T22:08:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:08, 10 April 2020
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	<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>		<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>

	Humans harvest [[energy]] from [[primary energy]] sources and eventually turn this energy into an [[energy service]]. The primary energy is the ~~raw~~ [[flow]] (like [[solar power]]) or [[fuel]] (like [[natural gas]]) that harvests [[energy]] from nature. The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a [[cell phone]]; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].		Humans harvest [[energy]] from [[primary energy]] sources and eventually turn this energy into an [[energy service]]. The primary energy are the [[primary energy flow]]s (like [[solar power]]) or [[primary fuel]]s (like [[raw natural gas]]) that harvests [[energy]] from nature. The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a [[cell phone]]; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].

	[[File:EnergyFlow.png\|830px\|thumb\|center\|Figure 1. A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]		[[File:EnergyFlow.png\|830px\|thumb\|center\|Figure 1. A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

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Jmdonev at 19:35, 1 June 2018

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	<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>		<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:23:32Z

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Jmdonev at 17:45, 3 September 2015

2015-09-03T17:45:02Z

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	~~'''Jordan, let's chat about this more in person tomorrow with Xining. - Jason'''~~

	<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>		<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>

	Humans harvest [[energy]] from [[primary energy]] sources and eventually turn this energy into an [[energy service]]. The primary energy is the raw [[flow]] (like [[solar power]]) or [[fuel]] (like [[natural gas]]) that harvests [[energy]] from nature. The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a cell phone; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].		Humans harvest [[energy]] from [[primary energy]] sources and eventually turn this energy into an [[energy service]]. The primary energy is the raw [[flow]] (like [[solar power]]) or [[fuel]] (like [[natural gas]]) that harvests [[energy]] from nature. The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a [[cell phone]]; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].

	[[File:~~energycurrencies~~.png\|830px\|thumb\|center\|A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]		[[File:EnergyFlow.png\|830px\|thumb\|center\|Figure 1. A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]

	This model of energy currency as an intermediate step works best with [[electricity]]. Electricity is flexible, easy to use for just about anything, and is made specifically for the transportation and use of energy. Electricity will never run out because the [[electron]]s aren't getting used up; they're just carrying energy by moving. More energy can always be put into the same electrons over and over again, and taken out to use for more energy services.		This model of energy currency as an intermediate step works best with [[electricity]]. Electricity is flexible, easy to use for just about anything, and is made specifically for the transportation and use of energy. Electricity will never run out because the [[electron]]s aren't getting used up; they're just carrying energy by moving. More energy can always be put into the same electrons over and over again, and taken out to use for more energy services.

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:03Z

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Jmdonev at 01:57, 21 August 2015

2015-08-21T01:57:18Z

New page

[[Category:Jordan edit]]
'''Jordan, let's chat about this more in person tomorrow with Xining. - Jason'''

<onlyinclude>Energy from primary energy sources is often transformed into different forms to make it easier to use, transport, or store. These forms are called '''energy currencies'''.</onlyinclude> Several authors have introduced the idea of '''energy currency''' as a way to think about these useful intermediate forms of energy.<ref name=Scott> Scott, ''Smelling Land,'' 1st edition. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Hydrogen Association, 2007</ref>

Humans harvest [[energy]] from [[primary energy]] sources and eventually turn this energy into an [[energy service]]. The primary energy is the raw [[flow]] (like [[solar power]]) or [[fuel]] (like [[natural gas]]) that harvests [[energy]] from nature. The energy service is what maintains a [[high energy society]] (through [[heat]]ing, [[transportation]], etc.). These intermediate forms, energy currencies, are used because they are flexible and transportable [[energy]], which allows moving the energy supply almost anywhere.<ref name=Scott/> For example, while it's nice to enjoy sunlight, it doesn't recharge the [[battery]] in a cell phone; some [[energy conversion technology]] is required to get it into the specific form (and then moved with [[energy distribution technology]], like [[pipeline]]s or the [[electrical grid]]). The form that holds that energy from the energy conversion technology is sometimes referred to as an energy currency. There is always some energy loss when making an energy currency, often due to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].

[[File:energycurrencies.png|830px|thumb|center|A diagram of how energy makes its way from the sun into the energy services used everyday. Energy currencies like [[electricity]] and [[gasoline]] are a critical step.<ref>This drawing was made by Xining Chen for this website in August 2014 and is used with her permission.</ref> Without the currency stage, the primary energy wouldn't be able to be turned into the energy service.]]

This model of energy currency as an intermediate step works best with [[electricity]]. Electricity is flexible, easy to use for just about anything, and is made specifically for the transportation and use of energy. Electricity will never run out because the [[electron]]s aren't getting used up; they're just carrying energy by moving. More energy can always be put into the same electrons over and over again, and taken out to use for more energy services.

Many people are talking about using molecular [[hydrogen as an energy currency]] (that's hydrogen as a [[molecule]], rather than hydrogen as an [[atom]]), with the thought that [[hydrogen]] will become an increasingly important energy currency<ref name= Scott/> (and some disagree<ref>McMahon, ''Emperor's New Hydrogen Economy,'' 1st edition. iUniverse, Inc., 2006</ref>). Electricity, gasoline, and hydrogen are derived from primary energy and are easier to turn into useful [[work]] than most primary energy is. For example, a lump of [[coal]] can be burned for [[lighting]] a house, but it’s much cleaner (at least for the living room) to burn that lump of coal in a [[power plant]] and send the electricity through the [[grid]] to the [[connecting homes to the electrical grid|house]].

Energy currencies are flexible; they can be used for many energy services. For example, electricity is far more flexible than [[wind power]]. When an electric kettle boils water, the water boils no differently whether the electricity came from [[coal-fired power plant|coal]], [[natural gas power plant|natural gas]], [[nuclear power|nuclear]], [[biomass]], [[wind power|wind]], or [[hydroelectric facility|hydro]]. The electricity could have also been used to play a computer game. See more in the article [[electricity as an energy currency]].

This flexibility of use means that, in general, the amount of energy currency that the world uses is growing faster than primary energy use is. In other words, the percentage of energy use that goes to electricity is rising (electricity use is rising faster than energy use).

[[Gasoline]] and other [[secondary fuel]]s are also often considered energy currencies. While these are not as flexible as electricity, they are an intermediate form of energy that is produced specifically to enable easy use of the stored [[chemical energy]].

The idea of an energy currency gets far more murky with [[natural gas]]. Since natural gas can be used with very minimal processing it's often considered a primary energy source, but since it's delivering energy services it could be considered an energy currency. Natural gas is quite flexible and is used for (among many possibilities): [[electricity generation]], [[home heating]], and cooking. This flexibility is certainly greater than gasoline, but since it's not an intermediate source the idea of energy currency gets less clear.

Even more murky is the idea of [[nuclear fuel]]. This is an intermediate form of energy, put into this form in order to make it easier to use. Granted, this form is quite inflexible; nuclear fuel usually has to be put into a specific type of [[nuclear reactor]], and not just any reactor will do! This means that while an intermediate form, it's not usually considered an energy currency.

Worldwide, more and more energy is being turned into energy currencies because of how useful they are. Please see the article on [[trends in energy currencies]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]