Famine - Revision history

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	[[Category:Done ~~2016~~-01~~-15~~]]		[[Category:Done 2026-06-01]]
	[[File:drought.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Droughts are a major cause of famine due to the inability to grow food.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:drought.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Droughts are a major cause of famine due to the inability to grow food.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Famine''' is the scarcity of food over an extended period and over a large geographical area, such as a country. ~~They~~ may be triggered by extreme [[climate]] events such as [[drought]] or [[~~flood~~]]s, but can also be caused by disease, war, or other factors.</onlyinclude><ref name=~~IPCC_SREX~~>IPCC, 2012: Glossary of terms. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 555-564.</ref> Climate change is predicted to change how much water is available for agriculture, which could cause extensive food shortages especially among the poor.<ref>"Climate change, water and food security" Climate change, water and food security by Hugh Turral FAO consultant Jacob Burke and Jean-Marc Faurès FAO Land and Water Division, available online: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2096e.pdf accessed December 28th, 2015.</ref>		<onlyinclude>
			'''Famine''' is the scarcity of food over an extended period of time and over a large geographical area, such as a country. It may be triggered by extreme [[climate]] events such as [[drought]] or [[Flood\|floods]], but can also be caused by disease, war, or other factors.</onlyinclude><ref name="IPCC_SREX2">IPCC, 2012: Glossary of terms. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 555-564.</ref> Climate change is predicted to change how much water is available for agriculture, which could cause extensive food shortages, especially among the poor.<ref>"Climate change, water and food security" Climate change, water and food security by Hugh Turral FAO consultant Jacob Burke and Jean-Marc Faurès FAO Land and Water Division, available online: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2096e.pdf accessed December 28th, 2015.</ref>

	The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations lists several key terms characteristic to famine:<ref name=~~fao~~>FAO. (2015). ''Glossary of Selected Terms'' [Online], Available: http://www.fao.org/hunger/glossary/en/</ref>		The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations lists several key terms characteristic to famine:<ref name="fao2">FAO. (2015). ''Glossary of Selected Terms'' [Online], Available: http://www.fao.org/hunger/glossary/en/</ref>

	*'''Malnutrition''' - An abnormal physiological condition caused by inadequate, unbalanced or excessive consumption of macronutrients and/or micronutrients. Malnutrition includes undernutrition and overnutrition as well as micronutrient deficiencies.		* '''Malnutrition:''' An abnormal physiological condition caused by inadequate, unbalanced or excessive consumption of macronutrients and/or micronutrients. Malnutrition includes undernutrition and overnutrition as well as micronutrient deficiencies.
	*'''Hunger/Undernourishment''' - A state, lasting for at least one year, of inability to acquire enough food, defined as a level of food intake insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements.		* '''Hunger/Undernourishment:''' A state, lasting for at least one year, of the inability to acquire enough food. "Enough food" being defined as a level of food intake insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements.
	*'''Food insecurity''' - A situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life.		* '''Food insecurity:''' A situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life.

	Visit the FAO's website [http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ here] to see a map of countries in the world that are affected by famine, malnutrition, undernourishment and food insecurity. The map also has extensive statistics for each.		Visit the FAO's website [http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ here] to see a map of countries in the world that are affected by famine, malnutrition, undernourishment and food insecurity. The map also has extensive statistics for each.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	Two crucial shortages result in famine; the shortage of land to grow food, and the lack of money to buy food.<ref name=~~hsw~~>Toothman, Jessika. "How Famine Works" 05 July 2011. HowStuffWorks.com. Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/famine.htm (Accessed 25 October 2015).</ref> There are many factors that contribute to either of these shortages, such as poor growing conditions or inadequate trade. Places that lack the necessary means to grow or buy food are said to have poor '''[[food security]]'''. Food insecurity, poor conditions of health and sanitation ~~and~~ inappropriate care and feeding practices are the major causes of poor nutritional status.<ref name=~~fao~~/> Areas with high food security, on the other hand, have many alternative plans in order to achieve their food necessities, such as many reliable growers and trade options.<ref name=~~hsw~~/>		[[File:Flooded farmers field (989).jpg\|right\|thumb\|Figure 2. A flooded farmer's field.<ref>Wikimedia Commons (2013). (Accessed May 27, 2026). ''Flooded farmers field (989)'' [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flooded_farmers_field_(989).jpg</ref>]]
			Two crucial shortages result in famine: the shortage of ''land'' to grow food, and the lack of ''money'' to buy food.<ref name="hsw2">Toothman, Jessika. "How Famine Works" 05 July 2011. HowStuffWorks.com. Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/famine.htm (Accessed 25 October 2015).</ref> There are many factors that contribute to either of these shortages, such as poor growing conditions or inadequate trade. Places that lack the necessary means to grow or buy food are said to have poor '''[[food security]]'''. Food insecurity, as well as poor conditions of health and sanitation, inappropriate care practices, and inappropriate feeding practices are the major causes of poor nutritional status.<ref name="fao2" /> Areas with high food security, on the other hand, have many alternative plans in order to achieve their food necessities, such as many reliable growers and trade options.<ref name="hsw2" />

	Areas that lack food security are extremely vulnerable when events such as natural disasters or political and economic unrest occur. When these events occur, famine is a potential and worrisome outcome, stemming from the region's inability to attain food at an adequate rate. Such events can cause a phenomena called '''livelihood shock''', which is a disruption so great that the population cannot recover from the immediate consequences.		Areas that lack food security are extremely vulnerable when events such as natural disasters (like floods, see figure 2) or political and economic unrest occur. When these events occur, famine is a potential and worrisome outcome, stemming from the region's inability to attain food at an adequate rate. Such events can cause a phenomena called '''livelihood shock''', which is a disruption so great that the population cannot recover from the immediate consequences.

	Areas affected by poverty are especially vulnerable to livelihood shock which in turn creates a [[positive feedback]] cycle - a lack of food results in hungry people with a decreased ability to work and better their situation - which in turn locks them into poverty.<~~Ref~~ name=~~hsw~~/>		Areas affected by poverty are especially vulnerable to livelihood shock which in turn creates a [[positive feedback]] cycle: a lack of food results in hungry people with a decreased ability to work and better their situation, which in turn locks them into poverty.<ref name="hsw2" />

	===Climate change effects on famine===		==Climate change effects on famine==
			[[Climate change]] has many effects on the Earth's cycles, with droughts (Figure 1) and floods (Figure 2) being two of these. Both of these events can have drastic effects on a region and famine is a potential outcome, especially in the areas with poor food security.

	[[Climate change]] has many effects on the Earth's cycles, with droughts and floods being two of these. Both of these events can have drastic effects on a region and famine is a potential outcome, especially in the areas with poor food security. Visit the pages on '''[[drought]]''' and '''[[~~flood~~]]s''' to learn more about how climate change and [[global warming]] are affecting each of these phenomena.		Visit the pages on '''[[drought]]''' and '''[[Flood\|floods]]''' to learn more about how [[climate change]] and [[global warming]] are affecting each of these phenomena.


			== For Further Reading ==

			* [[Food security]]
			* [[Climate change]]
			* [[Climate forcing]]
			* [[Climate feedback]]
			* [[Positive feedback]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2016-02-18T04:31:14Z

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Jmdonev at 20:05, 28 December 2015

2015-12-28T20:05:45Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2016-01-15]]
[[File:drought.jpg|300px|thumb|Figure 1. Droughts are a major cause of famine due to the inability to grow food.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Drought.jpg</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Famine''' is the scarcity of food over an extended period and over a large geographical area, such as a country. They may be triggered by extreme [[climate]] events such as [[drought]] or [[flood]]s, but can also be caused by disease, war, or other factors.</onlyinclude><ref name=IPCC_SREX>IPCC, 2012: Glossary of terms. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 555-564.</ref> Climate change is predicted to change how much water is available for agriculture, which could cause extensive food shortages especially among the poor.<ref>"Climate change, water and food security" Climate change, water and food security by Hugh Turral FAO consultant Jacob Burke and Jean-Marc Faurès FAO Land and Water Division, available online: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i2096e.pdf accessed December 28th, 2015.</ref>

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations lists several key terms characteristic to famine:<ref name=fao>FAO. (2015). ''Glossary of Selected Terms'' [Online], Available: http://www.fao.org/hunger/glossary/en/</ref>

*'''Malnutrition''' - An abnormal physiological condition caused by inadequate, unbalanced or excessive consumption of macronutrients and/or micronutrients. Malnutrition includes undernutrition and overnutrition as well as micronutrient deficiencies.
*'''Hunger/Undernourishment''' - A state, lasting for at least one year, of inability to acquire enough food, defined as a level of food intake insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements.
*'''Food insecurity''' - A situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life.

Visit the FAO's website [http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ here] to see a map of countries in the world that are affected by famine, malnutrition, undernourishment and food insecurity. The map also has extensive statistics for each.

==Causes==
Two crucial shortages result in famine; the shortage of land to grow food, and the lack of money to buy food.<ref name=hsw>Toothman, Jessika. "How Famine Works" 05 July 2011. HowStuffWorks.com. Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/famine.htm (Accessed 25 October 2015).</ref> There are many factors that contribute to either of these shortages, such as poor growing conditions or inadequate trade. Places that lack the necessary means to grow or buy food are said to have poor '''[[food security]]'''. Food insecurity, poor conditions of health and sanitation and inappropriate care and feeding practices are the major causes of poor nutritional status.<ref name=fao/> Areas with high food security, on the other hand, have many alternative plans in order to achieve their food necessities, such as many reliable growers and trade options.<ref name=hsw/>

Areas that lack food security are extremely vulnerable when events such as natural disasters or political and economic unrest occur. When these events occur, famine is a potential and worrisome outcome, stemming from the region's inability to attain food at an adequate rate. Such events can cause a phenomena called '''livelihood shock''', which is a disruption so great that the population cannot recover from the immediate consequences.

Areas affected by poverty are especially vulnerable to livelihood shock which in turn creates a [[positive feedback]] cycle - a lack of food results in hungry people with a decreased ability to work and better their situation - which in turn locks them into poverty.<Ref name=hsw/>

===Climate change effects on famine===

[[Climate change]] has many effects on the Earth's cycles, with droughts and floods being two of these. Both of these events can have drastic effects on a region and famine is a potential outcome, especially in the areas with poor food security. Visit the pages on '''[[drought]]''' and '''[[flood]]s''' to learn more about how climate change and [[global warming]] are affecting each of these phenomena.

==References==
{{reflist}}