Gasoline - Revision history

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energy>Ethan.boechler at 21:23, 10 September 2021

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	~~[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]~~
	[[category:fuels]]		[[category:fuels]]
			[[Category:Done 2021-01-31]]
			[[Category: Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Gasolina]]
			[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Essence]]
	[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' also known as '''petrol'''<ref>The writers of this encyclopedia are Canadian, so we refer to petrol as gasoline. Please pardon our regional dialect.</ref> is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a [[fuel]] for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.		<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' also known as '''petrol'''<ref>The writers of this encyclopedia are Canadian, so we refer to petrol as gasoline. Please pardon our regional dialect.</ref> is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a [[fuel]] for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.

	Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. Gasoline makes up about half of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, [[diesel]] made up ~20% and [[kerosene]] (or [[jet fuel]]) ~8%.<ref>EPA. (April 10th, 2020). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with [[oil]] production and prices thus impacting ~~our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas~~.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>		Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. Gasoline makes up about half of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, [[diesel]] made up ~20% and [[kerosene]] (or [[jet fuel]]) ~8%.<ref>EPA. (April 10th, 2020). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with [[oil]] production and prices thus impacting the consumer basket.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>

	==Composition==		==Composition==
	The exact [[chemical]] composition of gasoline varies depending on its grade or [[octane rating]], but generally speaking it is a mixture of combustible [[hydrocarbon]]s. This octane rating describes the quality of the fuel, and the value is based ~~off~~ the ratios of two compounds in the gasoline - specifically ''iso-octane'', a compound with the same chemical formula as [[octane]] but with a slightly different structure and properties, and ''[[heptane\|normal heptane]]''.<ref name=petro> Petro-Canada. (June 29,2015). ''Octane & Other Gasoline Basics'' [Online]. Available: http://retail.petro-canada.ca/en/independent/2069.aspx </ref> The higher the amount of octane in the fuel, the larger the octane number and the higher the quality fuel. This higher quality of the fuel ensures that the [[ignition]] of the fuel happens on time as a result of a spark from the [[spark plug]] and not early as a result of compression from the [[piston]].		The exact [[chemical]] composition of gasoline varies depending on its grade or [[octane rating]], but generally speaking it is a mixture of combustible [[hydrocarbon]]s. This octane rating describes the quality of the fuel, and the value is based on the ratios of two compounds in the gasoline - specifically ''iso-octane'', a compound with the same chemical formula as [[octane]] but with a slightly different structure and properties, and ''[[heptane\|normal heptane]]''.<ref name=petro> Petro-Canada. (June 29,2015). ''Octane & Other Gasoline Basics'' [Online]. Available: http://retail.petro-canada.ca/en/independent/2069.aspx </ref> The higher the amount of octane in the fuel, the larger the octane number and the higher the quality fuel. This higher quality of the fuel ensures that the [[ignition]] of the fuel happens on time as a result of a spark from the [[spark plug]] and not early as a result of compression from the [[piston]].

	More recently, gasoline is being mixed with a [[biofuel]] known as [[ethanol]]. In Canada, 87-Octane gasoline is allowed to consist of up to 10% ethanol, as this is the highest percentage of ethanol that a regular car engine can still function on.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (June 21, 2015). ''Ethanol Fuel Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/alternative-fuels/fuel-facts/ethanol/3493</ref>		More recently, gasoline is being mixed with a [[biofuel]] known as [[ethanol]]. In Canada, 87-Octane gasoline is allowed to consist of up to 10% ethanol, as this is the highest percentage of ethanol that a regular car engine can still function on.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (June 21, 2015). ''Ethanol Fuel Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/alternative-fuels/fuel-facts/ethanol/3493</ref>
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	==Environmental Impacts==		==Environmental Impacts==
	The [[combustion]] of gasoline is a significant source of human-made [[carbon dioxide]]~~, or~~ CO<sub>2</sub>. As is the case with the combustion of any [[fossil fuel]], the formation of this carbon dioxide contributes negatively to the Earth's [[climate]] and promotes [[global warming]] and [[climate change]]. The total amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted when gasoline is burned depends on the [[mass]] of the fuel ~~that is~~ used. Thus a car that uses less gasoline will release fewer [[emissions]] into the [[environment]]. This makes it essential to design cars as fuel efficient as possible to ~~save money~~ and limit emissions. Increasing the [[fuel efficiency]] ([[mpg]] of a vehicle) both saves money and reduces emissions. As an example over a 10 year period, driving a car with 30 MPG instead of a car with 24 MPG saves more than $4,000 in fuel costs, assuming the cost of fuel is static at $1.20 per [[liter]]. It also emits over 8,000 kg less CO<sub>2</sub>.		The [[combustion]] of gasoline is a significant source of human-made [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>). As is the case with the combustion of any [[fossil fuel]], the formation of this carbon dioxide contributes negatively to the Earth's [[climate]] and promotes [[global warming]] and [[climate change]]. The total amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted when gasoline is burned depends on the [[mass]] of the fuel used. Thus a car that uses less gasoline will release fewer [[emissions]] into the [[environment]]. This makes it essential to design cars as fuel efficient as possible to reduce costs and limit emissions. Increasing the [[fuel efficiency]] ([[mpg]] of a vehicle) both saves money and reduces emissions. As an example, over a 10 year period, driving a car with 30 MPG instead of a car with 24 MPG saves more than $4,000 in fuel costs, assuming the cost of fuel is static at $1.20 per [[liter]]. It also emits over 8,000 kg less of CO<sub>2</sub>.

	For more on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of hydrocarbon fuels, click [[Hydrocarbon combustion#Carbon dioxide emissions\| here]]		For more on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, click [[Hydrocarbon combustion#Carbon dioxide emissions\| here]]

	==For Further Reading==		==For Further Reading==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-04-28T15:32:33Z

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energy>Jmdonev at 16:18, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T16:18:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 10 April 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[category:fuels]]		[[category:fuels]]
	[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a [[fuel]] for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.		<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' also known as '''petrol'''<ref>The writers of this encyclopedia are Canadian, so we refer to petrol as gasoline. Please pardon our regional dialect.</ref> is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a [[fuel]] for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.

	Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. ~~In 2013, gasoline made~~ up ~~46%~~ of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, [[diesel]] made up ~~only~~ 20% and [[kerosene]] (or [[jet fuel]]) ~~only~~ 8%.<ref>EPA. (~~July 24~~, ~~2015~~). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: ~~http~~://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.~~cfm~~?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with [[oil]] production and prices thus impacting our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>		Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. Gasoline makes up about half of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, [[diesel]] made up ~20% and [[kerosene]] (or [[jet fuel]]) ~8%.<ref>EPA. (April 10th, 2020). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with [[oil]] production and prices thus impacting our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>

	==Composition==		==Composition==
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	For more on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of hydrocarbon fuels, click [[Hydrocarbon combustion#Carbon dioxide emissions\| here]]		For more on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of hydrocarbon fuels, click [[Hydrocarbon combustion#Carbon dioxide emissions\| here]]

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Fossil fuel]]
			*[[Natural gas]]
			*[[Shale]]
			*[[Oil formation]]
			*[[Primary energy]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-11T18:17:02Z

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Jmdonev at 23:45, 15 April 2018

2018-04-15T23:45:34Z

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	[[category:fuels]]		[[category:fuels]]
	[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:51:10Z

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Jmdonev at 20:18, 3 September 2015

2015-09-03T20:18:28Z

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	[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]
	[[category:fuels]]		[[category:fuels]]
	[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a fuel for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.		<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a [[fuel]] for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.

	Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. In 2013, gasoline made up 46% of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, diesel made up only 20% and kerosene (or jet fuel) only 8%.<ref>EPA. (July 24, 2015). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with oil production and prices thus impacting our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>		Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. In 2013, gasoline made up 46% of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, [[diesel]] made up only 20% and [[kerosene]] (or [[jet fuel]]) only 8%.<ref>EPA. (July 24, 2015). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with [[oil]] production and prices thus impacting our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>

	==Composition==		==Composition==
	The exact [[chemical]] composition of gasoline varies depending on its grade or [[octane rating]], but generally speaking it is a mixture of combustible [[hydrocarbon]]s. This octane rating describes the quality of the fuel, and the value is based off the ratios of two compounds in the gasoline - specifically ''iso-octane'', a compound with the same chemical formula as [[octane]] but with a slightly different structure and properties, and ''[[heptane\|normal heptane]]''.<ref name=petro> Petro-Canada. (June 29,2015). ''Octane & Other Gasoline Basics'' [Online]. Available: http://retail.petro-canada.ca/en/independent/2069.aspx </ref> The higher the amount of octane in the fuel, the larger the octane number and the higher the quality fuel. This higher quality of the fuel ensures that the ignition of the fuel happens on time as a result of a spark from the [[spark plug]] and not early as a result of compression from the [[piston]].		The exact [[chemical]] composition of gasoline varies depending on its grade or [[octane rating]], but generally speaking it is a mixture of combustible [[hydrocarbon]]s. This octane rating describes the quality of the fuel, and the value is based off the ratios of two compounds in the gasoline - specifically ''iso-octane'', a compound with the same chemical formula as [[octane]] but with a slightly different structure and properties, and ''[[heptane\|normal heptane]]''.<ref name=petro> Petro-Canada. (June 29,2015). ''Octane & Other Gasoline Basics'' [Online]. Available: http://retail.petro-canada.ca/en/independent/2069.aspx </ref> The higher the amount of octane in the fuel, the larger the octane number and the higher the quality fuel. This higher quality of the fuel ensures that the [[ignition]] of the fuel happens on time as a result of a spark from the [[spark plug]] and not early as a result of compression from the [[piston]].

	More recently, gasoline is being mixed with a biofuel known as [[ethanol]]. In Canada, 87-Octane gasoline is allowed to consist of up to 10% ethanol, as this is the highest percentage of ethanol that a regular car engine can still function on.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (June 21, 2015). ''Ethanol Fuel Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/alternative-fuels/fuel-facts/ethanol/3493</ref>		More recently, gasoline is being mixed with a [[biofuel]] known as [[ethanol]]. In Canada, 87-Octane gasoline is allowed to consist of up to 10% ethanol, as this is the highest percentage of ethanol that a regular car engine can still function on.<ref>Natural Resources Canada. (June 21, 2015). ''Ethanol Fuel Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/alternative-fuels/fuel-facts/ethanol/3493</ref>

	Additionally, the specific composition of gasoline results in a high energy density. This high energy density is what makes gasoline such a valuable fuel, as a relatively small volume of fuel can provide a large amount of useful energy.		Additionally, the specific composition of gasoline results in a high [[energy]] density. This high energy density is what makes gasoline such a valuable fuel, as a relatively small [[volume]] of fuel can provide a large amount of useful energy.
	<center>		<center>
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\| Energy Density (MJ/L) \|\| 34.2 <ref>Arthur Nommensen. List of common conversion factors (Engineering conversion factors). IOR Energy.</ref>		\| Energy Density (MJ/L) \|\| 34.2 <ref>Arthur Nommensen. List of common conversion factors (Engineering conversion factors). IOR Energy.</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| Energy Density (KWh/gal) \|\| 36.1 <ref>Reid R. Harrison. Low Power Circuit Design, Lecture 1: Why is Low Power Circuit Design Important?[pdf]. Spring 2001.</ref>		\| Energy Density ([[KWh]]/gal) \|\| 36.1 <ref>Reid R. Harrison. Low Power Circuit Design, Lecture 1: Why is Low Power Circuit Design Important?[pdf]. Spring 2001.</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| Specific Energy (MJ/kg) \|\| 44.4 <ref>Thomas, George. Overview of Storage Development DOE Hydrogen Program [pdf]. Livermore, CA. Sandia National Laboratories. 2000.</ref>		\| Specific Energy (MJ/kg) \|\| 44.4 <ref>Thomas, George. Overview of Storage Development DOE Hydrogen Program [pdf]. Livermore, CA. Sandia National Laboratories. 2000.</ref>
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	==Environmental Impacts==		==Environmental Impacts==
	The [[combustion]] of gasoline is a significant source of human-made [[carbon dioxide]], or CO<sub>2</sub>. As is the case with the combustion of any [[fossil fuel]], the formation of this carbon dioxide contributes negatively to the Earth's climate and promotes [[global warming]] and [[climate change]]. The total amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted when gasoline is burned depends on the mass of the fuel that is used. Thus a car that uses less gasoline will release fewer [[~~emission~~]]s into the [[environment]]. This makes it essential to design cars as fuel efficient as possible to save money and limit emissions. Increasing the [[fuel efficiency]] ([[~~MPG~~]] of a vehicle) both saves money and reduces emissions. As an example over a 10 year period, driving a car with 30 MPG instead of a car with 24 MPG saves more than $4,000 in fuel costs, assuming the cost of fuel is static at $1.20 per liter. It also emits over 8,000 kg less CO<sub>2</sub>.		The [[combustion]] of gasoline is a significant source of human-made [[carbon dioxide]], or CO<sub>2</sub>. As is the case with the combustion of any [[fossil fuel]], the formation of this carbon dioxide contributes negatively to the Earth's [[climate]] and promotes [[global warming]] and [[climate change]]. The total amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted when gasoline is burned depends on the [[mass]] of the fuel that is used. Thus a car that uses less gasoline will release fewer [[emissions]] into the [[environment]]. This makes it essential to design cars as fuel efficient as possible to save money and limit emissions. Increasing the [[fuel efficiency]] ([[mpg]] of a vehicle) both saves money and reduces emissions. As an example over a 10 year period, driving a car with 30 MPG instead of a car with 24 MPG saves more than $4,000 in fuel costs, assuming the cost of fuel is static at $1.20 per [[liter]]. It also emits over 8,000 kg less CO<sub>2</sub>.

	For more on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of hydrocarbon fuels, click [[Hydrocarbon combustion#Carbon dioxide emissions\| here]]		For more on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of hydrocarbon fuels, click [[Hydrocarbon combustion#Carbon dioxide emissions\| here]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:22:00Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:22, 3 September 2015
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Jmdonev at 21:21, 27 August 2015

2015-08-27T21:21:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:21, 27 August 2015
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	[[category:fuels]]		[[category:fuels]]
	[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A gasoline pump featuring five octane ratings, represented by the five different numbers on the pump.<ref> "Gas Station Pump Five Octane Ratings" by Original uploader was Bobak at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transfer was stated to be made by User:Matt.T.. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Gas_Station_Pump_Five_Octane_Ratings.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a fuel for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[~~pipelines~~]].		<onlyinclude>'''Gasoline''' is an [[energy density\|energy-dense]] [[secondary fuel]] that can be thought of as an [[energy currency]]. It is used to power many [[heat engine]]s, most importantly it acts as a fuel for a large proportion of cars. Gasoline is made when [[crude oil]] is broken into various [[petroleum]] products through a process of [[fractional distillation]].</onlyinclude> The finished product is then distributed to gas stations through [[pipeline]]s.

	Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. In 2013, gasoline made up 46% of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, diesel made up only 20% and kerosene (or jet fuel) only 8%.<ref>EPA. (July 24, 2015). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with oil production and prices thus impacting our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>		Gasoline is essential to running most [[internal combustion engine]] cars. Because of this, gasoline is one of the most widely used petroleum products. In 2013, gasoline made up 46% of all the petroleum products used. In contrast, diesel made up only 20% and kerosene (or jet fuel) only 8%.<ref>EPA. (July 24, 2015). ''What are the products and uses of petroleum?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=41&t=6</ref> The price of gasoline varies drastically all over the globe and this impacts the cost of running a vehicle. Additionally, the global economy has become increasingly more intertwined with oil production and prices thus impacting our lives far beyond how much it costs to fill up a full tank of gas.<ref>Tony Greenham. (June 21, 2015) ''The economics of oil dependence: a glass ceiling to recovery'' [Online]. Available: http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/entry/the-economics-of-oil-dependence-a-glass-ceiling-to-recovery. </ref>