Global climate model - Revision history

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	[[Category:Done ~~2016~~-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2026-08-01]]
			[[File:AtmosphericModelSchematic.png\|thumb\|400x400px\|Figure 1. Example of a 3D grid used in global climate models. Calculations keep track of energy flows between grid cells, along with momentum transfer, radiation, temperature, and other parameters.<ref>NOAA (2007). (Accessed July 10, 2026). ''Atmospheric Model Schematic'' [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_circulation_model#</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Global climate models''' (also referred to as '''general circulation models''', both abbreviated as '''GCM''') are [[climate model]]s that take into account the physical processes in the [[atmosphere]], [[ocean]], [[cryosphere]] and land surfaces.</onlyinclude><ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> As a result, they are the most advanced tools available for simulating the response of the [[climate system]] to increasing [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations.<ref name=ipcc1>IPCC. (Accessed July 7, 2016). ''What is a GCM?'' [Online], Available: http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/gcm_guide.html</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Global climate models''' (also referred to as '''general circulation models''', both abbreviated as '''GCM''') are [[climate model]]s that take into account the physical processes in the [[atmosphere]], [[ocean]], [[cryosphere]] and land surfaces.</onlyinclude><ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> As a result, they are the most advanced tools available for simulating the response of the [[climate system]] to increasing [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations.<ref name=ipcc1>IPCC. (Accessed July 7, 2016). ''What is a GCM?'' [Online], Available: http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/gcm_guide.html</ref>

	GCMs represent the global [[climate]] using a 3-dimensional grid over the globe, ~~typically having~~ a horizontal [[climate model#Model resolution\|resolution]] between 250 and 600 [[kilometer\|km]], 10 to 20 vertical layers in the atmosphere, and up to 30 layers in the ocean. This resolution is relatively coarse, resulting in the need for averaging of properties in a technique known as '''[[parameterization]]''', which introduces a source of [[uncertainty]] into the model.<ref name=ipcc1/> In order to deal with uncertainty, GCMs may simulate quite different responses to different [[climate forcing]]s.		GCMs represent the global [[climate]] using a 3-dimensional grid over the globe, Figure 1 is an example. Typically, the 3D grid has a horizontal [[climate model#Model resolution\|resolution]] between 250 and 600 [[kilometer\|km]], 10 to 20 vertical layers in the atmosphere, and up to 30 layers in the ocean. This resolution is relatively coarse, resulting in the need for averaging of properties in a technique known as '''[[parameterization]]''', which introduces a source of [[uncertainty]] into the model.<ref name=ipcc1/> In order to deal with uncertainty, GCMs may simulate quite different responses to different [[climate forcing]]s.

	[[~~File~~:~~3d_gcm_structure.jpg~~\|950px\|thumb\|center\|Figure 1. Example of a 3D grid used in global climate models. Calculations keep track of energy flows between gridcells, along with mass and momentum transfer, moisture, temperature, and other parameters.<ref name=ipcc1/>]]		== For Further Reading ==

			* [[Climate model]]
			* [[Climate system]]
			* [[Uncertainty]]
			* [[Climate forcing]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
			[[Category: Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: From the summer

2016-09-17T22:29:28Z

1 revision imported: From the summer

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Jmdonev at 19:12, 4 August 2016

2016-08-04T19:12:53Z

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[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]
<onlyinclude>'''Global climate models''' (also referred to as '''general circulation models''', both abbreviated as '''GCM''') are [[climate model]]s that take into account the physical processes in the [[atmosphere]], [[ocean]], [[cryosphere]] and land surfaces.</onlyinclude><ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012.</ref> As a result, they are the most advanced tools available for simulating the response of the [[climate system]] to increasing [[greenhouse gas]] concentrations.<ref name=ipcc1>IPCC. (Accessed July 7, 2016). ''What is a GCM?'' [Online], Available: http://www.ipcc-data.org/guidelines/pages/gcm_guide.html</ref>

GCMs represent the global [[climate]] using a 3-dimensional grid over the globe, typically having a horizontal [[climate model#Model resolution|resolution]] between 250 and 600 [[kilometer|km]], 10 to 20 vertical layers in the atmosphere, and up to 30 layers in the ocean. This resolution is relatively coarse, resulting in the need for averaging of properties in a technique known as '''[[parameterization]]''', which introduces a source of [[uncertainty]] into the model.<ref name=ipcc1/> In order to deal with uncertainty, GCMs may simulate quite different responses to different [[climate forcing]]s.

[[File:3d_gcm_structure.jpg|950px|thumb|center|Figure 1. Example of a 3D grid used in global climate models. Calculations keep track of energy flows between gridcells, along with mass and momentum transfer, moisture, temperature, and other parameters.<ref name=ipcc1/>]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}