Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2019-01-04T18:15:22Z

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2dev>Rudi.Meyer at 23:35, 12 December 2018

2018-12-12T23:35:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:35, 12 December 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10~~-15~~]]		[[Category:Done 2018-12-10]]
	[[File:Graphite-~~tn19a~~.jpg\|~~250px~~\|thumb\|Figure 1. Graphite.<ref>Wikimedia Commons ~~[Online], Available: https://upload~~.~~wikimedia~~.~~org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Graphite-tn19a.jpg</ref><br/> Hexagonal structure: [[File:graphites.png\|50px\|<ref>Wikimedia Commons~~ [Online], Available: ~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:~~Hexagonal~~.~~svg~~</ref>]]]]		[[Category: Rudi grade Ashley edit]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Graphite''' is a mineral composed solely of [[carbon]] [[atom]]s combined in a hexagonal pattern with one another to form a crystal structure.</onlyinclude> It is the most stable form of pure carbon under [[standard atmosphere\|standard conditions]], and has high [[electrical conductivity]] and [[thermal conductivity]].<ref name=mec/>		[[File:Graphite-233436.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Graphite.<ref>Wikimedia Commons.(Nov.28, 2018) " Grapite" [Online], Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite#/media/File:Graphite-233436.jpg</ref>]]

	~~An important material in many applications~~ is [[~~graphene~~]]~~, which is just a single-atom thick layer~~ of carbon ~~atoms.<ref>Graphenea. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''Graphene & Graphite''~~ [~~Online~~]~~, Available: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-graphite#~~.~~Vf8hy_lViko~~</~~ref~~> ~~Another well-known substance~~ is ~~also composed exclusively~~ of carbon, ~~that being the diamond. Although composed of the same element~~, ~~graphite~~ and ~~diamond are almost entirely different in their physical properties~~.<ref name=~~ref1>Minerals.net. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''The Mineral Graphite'' [Online], Available: http://www.minerals.net/mineral/graphite.aspx<~~/~~ref~~>		<onlyinclude>'''Graphite''' is a [[mineral]] composed of stacked sheets of [[carbon]] [[atom]]s with a hexagonal crystal structure.</onlyinclude> It is the most stable form of pure carbon under [[standard atmosphere\|standard conditions]]. Graphite is very soft, has a low specific gravity, is relatively non-reactive, and has high [[electrical conductivity\|electrical]] and [[thermal conductivity]].<ref name=mec/>

	Graphite is extremely soft and breaks into thin flexible flakes that easily slide over one another, resulting in a greasy feel. Due to this, graphite is a good ~~lubricant and is known as a~~ "dry lubricant~~" which~~ can be used in applications where wet lubricants (like [[lubricating oil]]) cannot.<ref name=mec>Minerals Education Coalition. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''Graphite'' [Online], Available: https://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/graphite</ref>		Graphite occurs naturally in [[Igneous rock\|igneous]] and [[metamorphic rock]]s, where high temperatures and pressures compress carbon into graphite. Graphite can also be created synthetically by heating materials with high carbon content (e.g. petroleum [[coke]] or coal-tar pitch). The carbon-rich material is heated to 2500 to 3000 degrees [[Celsius]], which is hot enough to "purify" the material of contaminants, allowing the carbon to form its hexagonal sheets.<ref name= geo> King, H.M. (Nov. 28, 2018) "Graphite" [Online]. Available: https://geology.com/minerals/graphite.shtml</ref>
			[[File:Diamond-and-graphite2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Figure 2. Diamond and graphite crystal structures. Graphene would be a single layer of the graphite crystal structure.<ref>WikiMedia Commons. (Accessed Nov. 28, 2018). ''File:Diamond and graphite2.jpg'' [Online], Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon#/media/File:Diamond_and_graphite2.jpg</ref>]]
			Graphite is extremely soft and breaks into thin flexible flakes that easily slide over one another, resulting in a greasy feel. Due to this, graphite is a good "dry" lubricant and can be used in applications where wet lubricants (like [[lubricating oil]]) cannot.<ref name=mec>Minerals Education Coalition. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''Graphite'' [Online], Available: https://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/graphite</ref>

			Carbon has several other allotropes, or forms, that occur naturally, each with their own crystal structure(Figure 2). One form is [[graphene]], which is a single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal pattern.<ref>Graphenea. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''Graphene & Graphite'' [Online], Available: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-graphite#.Vf8hy_lViko</ref> Another well-known allotrope of carbon, are diamonds. Although also composed of pure carbon, diamonds are almost entirely different in their physical properties.<ref name=ref1>Minerals.net. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''The Mineral Graphite'' [Online], Available: http://www.minerals.net/mineral/graphite.aspx</ref>

	==Uses==		==Uses==

	Graphite is used in a number of applications that require high [[temperature]]s and need a material that will not melt or disintegrate. ~~Specifically, graphite~~ is used to make the crucibles for the steel industry.<ref name=mec/> Graphite is also used as a [[neutron moderator]] in certain [[nuclear reactor]]s, like the Soviet [[RBMK]], due to its ability to slow down fast-moving [[neutron]]s.		Graphite is used in a number of applications that require high [[temperature]]s and need a material that will not melt or disintegrate. Graphite is used to make the crucibles for the steel industry.<ref name=mec/> Graphite is also used as a [[neutron moderator]] in certain [[nuclear reactor]]s, like the Soviet [[RBMK]], due to its ability to slow down fast-moving [[neutron]]s.<ref name =Dutta>P. Dutta. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''What are the essential properties and uses of graphite ?'' [Online], Available: http://www.preservearticles.com/201012291918/properties-and-uses-of-graphite.html</ref>

	Other common uses of graphite include:<ref~~>P.~~ Dutta~~. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''What are the essential properties and uses of graphite ?'' [Online], Available: http:~~/~~/www.preservearticles.com/201012291918/properties-and-uses-of-graphite.html</ref~~>		Other common uses of graphite include:<ref name =Dutta/>

	*Pencil lead		*Pencil lead
	*Lubricant		*Lubricant
	*Electrodes		*Electrodes in batteries
			*Brake linings for heavy vehicles

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Mineral]]
			*[[Nuclear reactor]]
			*[[Carbon]]
			*[[Atom]]
			*[[Neutron]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:21Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 04:03, 28 September 2015

2015-09-28T04:03:11Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
[[File:Graphite-tn19a.jpg|250px|thumb|Figure 1. Graphite.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Graphite-tn19a.jpg</ref><br/> Hexagonal structure: [[File:graphites.png|50px|<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hexagonal.svg</ref>]]]]
<onlyinclude>'''Graphite''' is a mineral composed solely of [[carbon]] [[atom]]s combined in a hexagonal pattern with one another to form a crystal structure.</onlyinclude> It is the most stable form of pure carbon under [[standard atmosphere|standard conditions]], and has high [[electrical conductivity]] and [[thermal conductivity]].<ref name=mec/>

An important material in many applications is [[graphene]], which is just a single-atom thick layer of carbon atoms.<ref>Graphenea. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''Graphene & Graphite'' [Online], Available: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-graphite#.Vf8hy_lViko</ref> Another well-known substance is also composed exclusively of carbon, that being the diamond. Although composed of the same element, graphite and diamond are almost entirely different in their physical properties.<ref name=ref1>Minerals.net. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''The Mineral Graphite'' [Online], Available: http://www.minerals.net/mineral/graphite.aspx</ref>

Graphite is extremely soft and breaks into thin flexible flakes that easily slide over one another, resulting in a greasy feel. Due to this, graphite is a good lubricant and is known as a "dry lubricant" which can be used in applications where wet lubricants (like [[lubricating oil]]) cannot.<ref name=mec>Minerals Education Coalition. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''Graphite'' [Online], Available: https://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/graphite</ref>

==Uses==

Graphite is used in a number of applications that require high [[temperature]]s and need a material that will not melt or disintegrate. Specifically, graphite is used to make the crucibles for the steel industry.<ref name=mec/> Graphite is also used as a [[neutron moderator]] in certain [[nuclear reactor]]s, like the Soviet [[RBMK]], due to its ability to slow down fast-moving [[neutron]]s.

Other common uses of graphite include:<ref>P. Dutta. (Accessed September 20, 2015). ''What are the essential properties and uses of graphite ?'' [Online], Available: http://www.preservearticles.com/201012291918/properties-and-uses-of-graphite.html</ref>

*Pencil lead
*Lubricant
*Electrodes

==References==
{{reflist}}

Graphite - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2dev>Rudi.Meyer at 23:35, 12 December 2018

J.williams: 1 revision imported

Jmdonev at 04:03, 28 September 2015