Greenhouse gas - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:02:48Z

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energy>Luisa at 22:29, 9 September 2021

2021-09-09T22:29:29Z

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	[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
			[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Gaz à effet de serre]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Gas de efecto invernadero]]
	[[File:co2gif.gif\|400px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Carbon dioxide is able to interact with infrared radiation, leading to an imbalance of radiation entering and leaving the atmosphere.<ref>PhET Simulations, ''Molecules and Light'' [Online], Available: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecules-and-light</ref> <chem>CO2</chem> is not the largest greenhouse gas, but the biggest reason for the rise of the temperature of the planet comes from human's increasing <chem>CO2</chem>.]]		[[File:co2gif.gif\|400px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Carbon dioxide is able to interact with infrared radiation, leading to an imbalance of radiation entering and leaving the atmosphere.<ref>PhET Simulations, ''Molecules and Light'' [Online], Available: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecules-and-light</ref> <chem>CO2</chem> is not the largest greenhouse gas, but the biggest reason for the rise of the temperature of the planet comes from human's increasing <chem>CO2</chem>.]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-01-31T05:10:01Z

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Energy>Jmdonev at 20:34, 19 January 2020

2020-01-19T20:34:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 19 January 2020
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	[[Category:~~Chad edit~~]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
	[[File:co2gif.gif\|~~340px~~\|thumb\|Figure 1. Carbon dioxide is able to interact with infrared radiation, leading to an imbalance of radiation entering and leaving the atmosphere.<ref>PhET Simulations, ''Molecules and Light'' [Online], Available: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecules-and-light</ref> <chem>CO2</chem> is not the largest greenhouse gas, but the biggest reason for the rise of the temperature of the planet comes from human's increasing <chem>CO2</chem>.]]		[[File:co2gif.gif\|400px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Carbon dioxide is able to interact with infrared radiation, leading to an imbalance of radiation entering and leaving the atmosphere.<ref>PhET Simulations, ''Molecules and Light'' [Online], Available: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecules-and-light</ref> <chem>CO2</chem> is not the largest greenhouse gas, but the biggest reason for the rise of the temperature of the planet comes from human's increasing <chem>CO2</chem>.]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''' refer to gases that trap [[infrared radiation]] when present in the ~~upper~~ [[atmosphere]]. Increases in the amount of <chem>CO2</chem> and other greenhouse gases from human activities, like burning [[fossil fuel]]s, contribute to global [[climate change]]. Greenhouse gases specifically absorb and re-emit radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude> This can be seen in figure 1.		<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''' refer to gases that trap [[infrared radiation]] when present in the [[atmosphere]]. Increases in the amount of <chem>CO2</chem> and other greenhouse gases from human activities, like burning [[fossil fuel]]s, contribute to global [[climate change]]. Greenhouse gases specifically let visible light through but absorb and re-emit radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude> This can be seen in figure 1. [[Greenhouse effect on other planets\|Other planets]] have greenhouse gases as well.

	Approximate contribution of greenhouse gases:<ref name=RadiationBudget>http://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf</ref>		Approximate contribution of greenhouse gases:<ref name=RadiationBudget>http://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf</ref>

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-11T18:17:07Z

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Jmdonev at 17:09, 10 May 2018

2018-05-10T17:09:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 10 May 2018
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	[[Category:~~Done 2015~~-09-06]]		[[Category:Chad edit]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''', refer to gases that, when present in the upper [[atmosphere]], contribute to global [[climate change]]. ~~The cause of this contribution is due to the absorption~~ and re-~~emission of~~ radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude>		[[File:co2gif.gif\|340px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Carbon dioxide is able to interact with infrared radiation, leading to an imbalance of radiation entering and leaving the atmosphere.<ref>PhET Simulations, ''Molecules and Light'' [Online], Available: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecules-and-light</ref> <chem>CO2</chem> is not the largest greenhouse gas, but the biggest reason for the rise of the temperature of the planet comes from human's increasing <chem>CO2</chem>.]]

			<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''' refer to gases that trap [[infrared radiation]] when present in the upper [[atmosphere]]. Increases in the amount of <chem>CO2</chem> and other greenhouse gases from human activities, like burning [[fossil fuel]]s, contribute to global [[climate change]]. Greenhouse gases specifically absorb and re-emit radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude> This can be seen in figure 1.

	Approximate contribution of greenhouse gases:<ref name=RadiationBudget>http://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf</ref>		Approximate contribution of greenhouse gases:<ref name=RadiationBudget>http://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf</ref>
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	* 9-26% [[carbon dioxide]]		* 9-26% [[carbon dioxide]]
	* 7-16% other trace gases.		* 7-16% other trace gases.

			It's important to note that water vapour is the largest contributor to the [[greenhouse effect]], but <chem>CO2</chem> is the one that is increasing.

	==Global Warming Potential==		==Global Warming Potential==
	:''[[Global warming potential\|main page]]''		:''[[Global warming potential\|main page]]''
	The global warming potential(GWP) of a gas is the relative capability for a gas to trap heat within the atmosphere. This measurement is done in comparison to an equal [[mass]] of [[carbon]] dioxide. Many restrictions and regulations placed on substances are due to high GWP values, as included in the [[Kyoto Protocol]]		The global warming potential(GWP) of a gas is the relative capability for a gas to trap heat within the atmosphere. This measurement is done in comparison to an equal [[mass]] of [[carbon]] dioxide. Many restrictions and regulations placed on substances are due to high GWP values, as included in the [[Kyoto Protocol]]

	==Water Vapour==		==Water Vapour==
	[[Water vapour]] is merely [[water]] (H<sub>2</sub>0) in its [[gas]]eous form. It is abundant in the [[atmosphere]], and the most common of the greenhouse gases. Water vapour is the most potent of the greenhouse gases due to the hydroxyl bonds in its chemical structure. Water vapour exists in the atmosphere in the form of moisture and clouds, and is a part of the water cycle as a precipitate creating rain. The GWP value for water ~~vapor~~ has yet to be calculated.		:''[[Water vapour\|main page]]''
			[[Water vapour]] is merely [[water]] (H<sub>2</sub>O) in its [[gas]]eous form. It is abundant in the [[atmosphere]], and the most common of the greenhouse gases. Water vapour is the most potent of the greenhouse gases due to the hydroxyl bonds in its chemical structure. Water vapour exists in the atmosphere in the form of moisture and clouds, and is a part of the water cycle as a precipitate creating rain. The GWP value for water vapour has yet to be calculated.

	The most interesting attribute of water as a greenhouse gas is that it serves as a [[positive feedback]] mechanism for [[global warming]]. The warmer the world gets, the more water ~~vapor~~ there is in [[air]], ~~the~~ more warming ~~the~~ water vapour ~~causes. So~~, ~~while water vapor is a bigger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide~~, ~~it responds to and~~ amplifies ~~[[climate]] change, rather driving climate change~~.		The most interesting attribute of water as a greenhouse gas is that it serves as a [[positive feedback]] mechanism for [[global warming]]. The warmer the world gets, the more water vapour there is in [[air]], causing more warming. Concluding that water vapour itself doesn't drive climate change, however, amplifies the effects since more CO<sub>2</sub> means more water vapour will be in the atmosphere.

	==Carbon Dioxide==		==Carbon Dioxide==
	:''[[Carbon dioxide\|main page]]''		:''[[Carbon dioxide\|main page]]''
	Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, important to the carbon cycle for life and a byproduct of many forms of [[energy]] production. Carbon dioxide is primarily regulated by the consumption due to photosynthesis by plants to produce energy, and the respiration of animals in order to consume energy. Another major contribution of carbon ~~Dioxide~~ into the atmosphere is as a byproduct of [[combustion]]~~, forest~~ fires and energy production both produce a substantial amount of carbon dioxide in the consumption of organic material. Due to its nature as the reference value for global warming potential, carbon dioxide has a GWP value of 1.<ref name=RadiationBudget />		Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, important to the carbon cycle for life and a byproduct of many forms of [[energy]] production. Carbon dioxide is primarily regulated by the consumption due to photosynthesis by plants to produce energy, and the respiration of animals in order to consume energy. Another major contribution of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is as a byproduct of [[combustion]]. Forest fires and energy production both produce a substantial amount of carbon dioxide in the consumption of organic material. Due to its nature as the reference value for global warming potential, carbon dioxide has a GWP value of 1.<ref name=RadiationBudget />

	==Methane==		==Methane==
	:''[[Methane\|main page]]''		:''[[Methane\|main page]]''
	Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, making up 90% of [[natural gas]]. Although not in as ~~high concentrations~~ in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, methane has a GWP that is 29<ref name=RadiationBudget/> times larger, meaning it is still a very potent greenhouse gas. Methane levels have risen significantly in recent ~~years, a~~ rise 2.5 times greater than the pre-industrial era. Methane is regulated by natural processes in the atmosphere involving water ~~vapor~~ and [[oxygen]] although human influence is capable of upsetting this regulation.		Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, making up 90% of [[natural gas]]. Although it is not as highly concentrated in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, methane has a GWP that is 29<ref name=RadiationBudget/> times larger, meaning it is still a very potent greenhouse gas. Methane levels have risen significantly in recent years—a rise 2.5 times greater than the pre-industrial era. Methane is regulated by natural processes in the atmosphere involving water vapour and [[oxygen]], although human influence is capable of upsetting this regulation.

	About 3.5 billion years ago, prior to photosynthesis utilizing plants, the concentrations of methane were 1000 times higher than they are today. The introduction of oxygen consumption in the carbon cycle due to photosynthesis led to a significant reduction in methane, which at the time was produced by some of the first bacteria through the consumption of [[hydrogen]] and carbon dioxide. Methane is produced naturally deep in the ground when organic plant and animal matter is compressed at high temperatures over thousands of years and is therefore considered a fossil fuel.		About 3.5 billion years ago, prior to photosynthesis utilizing plants, the concentrations of methane were 1000 times higher than they are today. The introduction of oxygen consumption in the carbon cycle due to photosynthesis led to a significant reduction in methane, which at the time was produced by some of the first bacteria through the consumption of [[hydrogen]] and carbon dioxide. Methane is produced naturally deep in the ground when organic plant and animal matter is compressed at high temperatures over thousands of years and is therefore considered a fossil fuel.

	==Nitrous Oxide==		==Nitrous Oxide==
	:''[[Nitrogen oxide\|main page]]''		:''[[Nitrogen oxide\|main page]]''
	Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) commonly known as laughing gas due to it's use as an anesthetic in surgery, is a naturally occurring gas often used in rocketry and racing to improve [[power]] output as an oxidizer. While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298<ref name=RadiationBudget/> greater than that of carbon dioxide. Although it is a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect, nitrous oxide is also the primary regulator of [[ozone]] in the [[stratosphere]]. Nitrous oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitric oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone maintaining concentration balances. Nitrous oxide is also commonly used as an aerosol propellant for canisters filled with substances like whipped cream and as an inert gas when filling potato chips and other snacks to protect them in transit from compression. Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in the environment in soil by various organic [[chemical reaction]]s.		Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) commonly known as laughing gas due to it's use as an anesthetic in surgery, is a naturally occurring gas often used in rocketry and racing to improve [[power]] output as an oxidizer. While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298 times<ref name=RadiationBudget/> greater than that of carbon dioxide. Although it is a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect, nitrous oxide is also the primary regulator of [[ozone]] in the [[stratosphere]]. Nitrous oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitric oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone maintaining concentration balances. Nitrous oxide is also commonly used as an aerosol propellant for canisters filled with substances like whipped cream and as an inert gas when filling potato chips and other snacks to protect them in transit from compression. Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in the environment in soil by various organic [[chemical reaction]]s.

	==Ozone==		==Ozone==
	:''[[Ozone\|main page]]''		:''[[Ozone\|main page]]''
	Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is an allotrope (alternative form) of oxygen found in the upper atmosphere, and is vastly more unstable than diatomic oxygen found commonly at sea level. Ozone primarily exists in the upper atmosphere as it is mainly produced by the absorption of ultraviolet rays from the [[sun]] and breaks down in the lower atmosphere due to instability, this absorption of UV radiation is itself valuable as it protects the surface from the harmful rays. Another common source of ozone is from electrical discharge in the atmosphere due to lightning. Although the GWP value for ozone is between 918-~~1022, one~~ of the highest values ~~recorded, it~~ is a short lived [[chemical]] species due to instability and therefore when considered over a 20 year horizon the GWP is valued at only 62-69<ref name=RadiationBudget/>. Ozone concentrations measurable at ground level peak substantially higher in present day than in pre-industrial times, even in areas completely removed from industrial activity. Long term exposure to ground level ozone has shown to be dangerous, harming lung function, and has been linked to pre-mature death due to various respiratory diseases and heart attack.		Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is an allotrope (alternative form) of oxygen found in the upper atmosphere, and is vastly more unstable than diatomic oxygen found commonly at sea level. Ozone primarily exists in the upper atmosphere as it is mainly produced by the absorption of ultraviolet rays from the [[sun]] and breaks down in the lower atmosphere due to instability, this absorption of UV radiation is itself valuable as it protects the surface from the harmful rays. Another common source of ozone is from electrical discharge in the atmosphere due to lightning. Although the GWP value for ozone is between 918-1022—one of the highest values recorded—it is a short lived [[chemical]] species due to instability and therefore when considered over a 20 year horizon the GWP is valued at only 62-69<ref name=RadiationBudget/>. Ozone concentrations measurable at ground level peak substantially higher in present day than in pre-industrial times, even in areas completely removed from industrial activity. Long term exposure to ground level ozone has shown to be dangerous, harming lung function, and has been linked to pre-mature death due to various respiratory diseases and heart attack.

	==CFCs==		==CFCs==
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	Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) is an organic compound containing carbon, fluorine, and chlorine which is produced as a [[volatile]] derivative of fossil fuels like methane. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, propellants, and solvents in production, although the production of CFCs has been phased out in recent years due to the [[Montreal Protocol]]. CFC production has been phased out and replaced by hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide due to its contribution to the depletion of the ozone, and effect as a greenhouse gas.		Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) is an organic compound containing carbon, fluorine, and chlorine which is produced as a [[volatile]] derivative of fossil fuels like methane. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, propellants, and solvents in production, although the production of CFCs has been phased out in recent years due to the [[Montreal Protocol]]. CFC production has been phased out and replaced by hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide due to its contribution to the depletion of the ozone, and effect as a greenhouse gas.

	==~~references~~==		==Video==
			The video below is a lecture from Prof. David Archer, Department of Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago,<ref name = Archer>Prof. David Archer has graciously allowed the use of this and other videos in a private communication with Jason Donev.</ref> talking about hurricanes and how [[climate change]] effects hurricanes:

			<HTML5video width="800" height="450" autoplay="false" loop="true">GreenhouseGasPhysics_Archer</HTML5video>

			== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:
			*[[Ozone]]
			*[[Nitrogen oxide]]
			*[[Carbon dioxide]]
			*[[Water vapour]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\| random page!]]

			==References==
	<references />		<references />
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:51:21Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:51, 18 September 2015
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Jmdonev at 20:41, 3 September 2015

2015-09-03T20:41:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 3 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''', refer to gases that, when present in the upper atmosphere, contribute to global climate change. The cause of this contribution is due to the absorption and re-emission of radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''', refer to gases that, when present in the upper [[atmosphere]], contribute to global [[climate change]]. The cause of this contribution is due to the absorption and re-emission of radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude>

	Approximate contribution of greenhouse gases:<ref name=RadiationBudget>http://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf</ref>		Approximate contribution of greenhouse gases:<ref name=RadiationBudget>http://web.archive.org/web/20060330013311/http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring04/atmo451b/pdf/RadiationBudget.pdf</ref>
	* 36-72% water ~~vapor~~		* 36-72% water vapour
	* 9-26% carbon dioxide		* 9-26% [[carbon dioxide]]
	* 7-16% other trace gases.		* 7-16% other trace gases.
	==Global Warming Potential==		==Global Warming Potential==
	:''[[Global warming potential\|main page]]''		:''[[Global warming potential\|main page]]''
	The global warming potential(GWP) of a gas is the relative capability for a gas to trap heat within the atmosphere. This measurement is done in comparison to an equal mass of carbon dioxide. Many restrictions and regulations placed on substances are due to high GWP values, as included in the [[Kyoto Protocol]]		The global warming potential(GWP) of a gas is the relative capability for a gas to trap heat within the atmosphere. This measurement is done in comparison to an equal [[mass]] of [[carbon]] dioxide. Many restrictions and regulations placed on substances are due to high GWP values, as included in the [[Kyoto Protocol]]
	==Water ~~Vapor~~==		==Water Vapour==
	Water ~~vapor~~ is merely water (H<sub>2</sub>0) in its ~~gaseous~~ form. It is ~~very~~ abundant in the atmosphere, and the most common of the greenhouse gases. Water ~~Vapor~~ is the most potent of the greenhouse gases due to the hydroxyl bonds in its chemical structure. Water ~~vapor~~ exists in the atmosphere in the form of moisture and clouds, and is a part of the water cycle as a precipitate creating rain. The GWP value for water vapor has yet to be calculated.		[[Water vapour]] is merely [[water]] (H<sub>2</sub>0) in its [[gas]]eous form. It is abundant in the [[atmosphere]], and the most common of the greenhouse gases. Water vapour is the most potent of the greenhouse gases due to the hydroxyl bonds in its chemical structure. Water vapour exists in the atmosphere in the form of moisture and clouds, and is a part of the water cycle as a precipitate creating rain. The GWP value for water vapor has yet to be calculated.

	The most interesting attribute of water as a greenhouse gas is that it serves as a [[positive feedback]] mechanism for [[global warming]]. The warmer the world gets, the more water vapor there is in air, the more warming the water ~~vapor~~ causes. So, while water vapor is a bigger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, it responds to and amplifies climate change, rather driving climate change.		The most interesting attribute of water as a greenhouse gas is that it serves as a [[positive feedback]] mechanism for [[global warming]]. The warmer the world gets, the more water vapor there is in [[air]], the more warming the water vapour causes. So, while water vapor is a bigger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, it responds to and amplifies [[climate]] change, rather driving climate change.

	==Carbon Dioxide==		==Carbon Dioxide==
	:''[[Carbon dioxide\|main page]]''		:''[[Carbon dioxide\|main page]]''
	Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, important to the carbon cycle for life and a byproduct of many forms of energy production. Carbon dioxide is primarily regulated by the consumption due to photosynthesis by plants to produce energy, and the respiration of animals in order to consume energy. Another major contribution of carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere is as a byproduct of [[combustion]], forest fires and energy production both produce a substantial amount of carbon dioxide in the consumption of organic material. Due to its nature as the reference value for global warming potential, carbon dioxide has a GWP value of 1.<ref name=RadiationBudget />		Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, important to the carbon cycle for life and a byproduct of many forms of [[energy]] production. Carbon dioxide is primarily regulated by the consumption due to photosynthesis by plants to produce energy, and the respiration of animals in order to consume energy. Another major contribution of carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere is as a byproduct of [[combustion]], forest fires and energy production both produce a substantial amount of carbon dioxide in the consumption of organic material. Due to its nature as the reference value for global warming potential, carbon dioxide has a GWP value of 1.<ref name=RadiationBudget />

	==Methane==		==Methane==
	:''[[Methane\|main page]]''		:''[[Methane\|main page]]''
	Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, making up 90% of [[natural gas]]. Although not in as high concentrations in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, methane has a GWP that is 29<ref name=RadiationBudget/> times larger, meaning it is still a very potent greenhouse gas. Methane levels have risen significantly in recent years, a rise 2.5 times greater than the pre-industrial era. Methane is regulated by natural processes in the atmosphere involving water vapor and oxygen although human influence is capable of upsetting this regulation.		Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is a naturally occurring gas, making up 90% of [[natural gas]]. Although not in as high concentrations in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, methane has a GWP that is 29<ref name=RadiationBudget/> times larger, meaning it is still a very potent greenhouse gas. Methane levels have risen significantly in recent years, a rise 2.5 times greater than the pre-industrial era. Methane is regulated by natural processes in the atmosphere involving water vapor and [[oxygen]] although human influence is capable of upsetting this regulation.
	About 3.5 billion years ago, prior to photosynthesis utilizing plants, the concentrations of methane were 1000 times higher than they are today. The introduction of oxygen consumption in the carbon cycle due to photosynthesis led to a significant reduction in methane, which at the time was produced by some of the first bacteria through the consumption of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Methane is produced naturally deep in the ground when organic plant and animal matter is compressed at high temperatures over thousands of years and is therefore considered a fossil fuel.		About 3.5 billion years ago, prior to photosynthesis utilizing plants, the concentrations of methane were 1000 times higher than they are today. The introduction of oxygen consumption in the carbon cycle due to photosynthesis led to a significant reduction in methane, which at the time was produced by some of the first bacteria through the consumption of [[hydrogen]] and carbon dioxide. Methane is produced naturally deep in the ground when organic plant and animal matter is compressed at high temperatures over thousands of years and is therefore considered a fossil fuel.

	==Nitrous Oxide==		==Nitrous Oxide==
	:''[[Nitrogen oxide\|main page]]''		:''[[Nitrogen oxide\|main page]]''
	Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) commonly known as laughing gas due to it's use as an ~~anaesthetic~~ in surgery, is a naturally occurring gas often used in rocketry and racing to improve power output as an oxidizer. While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298<ref name=RadiationBudget/> greater than that of carbon dioxide. Although it is a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect, nitrous oxide is also the primary regulator of ozone in the stratosphere. ~~nitrous~~ oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitric oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone maintaining concentration balances. Nitrous oxide is also commonly used as an aerosol propellant for canisters filled with substances like whipped cream and as an inert gas when filling potato chips and other snacks to protect them in transit from compression. Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in the environment in soil by various organic chemical ~~reactions~~.		Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) commonly known as laughing gas due to it's use as an anesthetic in surgery, is a naturally occurring gas often used in rocketry and racing to improve [[power]] output as an oxidizer. While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298<ref name=RadiationBudget/> greater than that of carbon dioxide. Although it is a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect, nitrous oxide is also the primary regulator of [[ozone]] in the [[stratosphere]]. Nitrous oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitric oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone maintaining concentration balances. Nitrous oxide is also commonly used as an aerosol propellant for canisters filled with substances like whipped cream and as an inert gas when filling potato chips and other snacks to protect them in transit from compression. Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in the environment in soil by various organic [[chemical reaction]]s.

	==Ozone==		==Ozone==
	:''[[Ozone\|main page]]''		:''[[Ozone\|main page]]''
	Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is an allotrope (alternative form) of oxygen found in the upper atmosphere, and is vastly more unstable than diatomic oxygen found commonly at sea level. Ozone primarily exists in the upper atmosphere as it is mainly produced by the absorption of ultraviolet rays from the sun and breaks down in the lower atmosphere due to instability, this absorption of UV radiation is itself valuable as it protects the surface from the harmful rays. Another common source of ozone is from electrical discharge in the atmosphere due to lightning. Although the GWP value for ozone is between 918-1022, one of the highest values recorded, it is a short lived chemical species due to instability and therefore when considered over a 20 year horizon the GWP is valued at only 62-69<ref name=RadiationBudget/>. Ozone concentrations measurable at ground level peak substantially higher in present day than in pre-industrial times, even in areas completely removed from industrial activity. Long term exposure to ground level ozone has shown to be dangerous, harming lung function, and has been linked to pre-mature death due to various respiratory diseases and heart attack.		Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) is an allotrope (alternative form) of oxygen found in the upper atmosphere, and is vastly more unstable than diatomic oxygen found commonly at sea level. Ozone primarily exists in the upper atmosphere as it is mainly produced by the absorption of ultraviolet rays from the [[sun]] and breaks down in the lower atmosphere due to instability, this absorption of UV radiation is itself valuable as it protects the surface from the harmful rays. Another common source of ozone is from electrical discharge in the atmosphere due to lightning. Although the GWP value for ozone is between 918-1022, one of the highest values recorded, it is a short lived [[chemical]] species due to instability and therefore when considered over a 20 year horizon the GWP is valued at only 62-69<ref name=RadiationBudget/>. Ozone concentrations measurable at ground level peak substantially higher in present day than in pre-industrial times, even in areas completely removed from industrial activity. Long term exposure to ground level ozone has shown to be dangerous, harming lung function, and has been linked to pre-mature death due to various respiratory diseases and heart attack.

	==CFCs==		==CFCs==
	:''[[Chlorofluorocarbon\|main page]]''		:''[[Chlorofluorocarbon\|main page]]''
	Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) is an organic compound containing carbon, fluorine, and chlorine which is produced as a volatile derivative of fossil fuels like methane. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, propellants, and solvents in production, although the production of CFCs has been phased out in recent years due to the [[Montreal Protocol]]. CFC production has been phased out and replaced by hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide due to its contribution to the depletion of the ozone, and effect as a greenhouse gas.		Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) is an organic compound containing carbon, fluorine, and chlorine which is produced as a [[volatile]] derivative of fossil fuels like methane. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, propellants, and solvents in production, although the production of CFCs has been phased out in recent years due to the [[Montreal Protocol]]. CFC production has been phased out and replaced by hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide due to its contribution to the depletion of the ozone, and effect as a greenhouse gas.

	==references==		==references==
	<references />		<references />
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:22:41Z

1 revision imported

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2015-09-03T16:21:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 3 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-02-15]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''', refer to gases that, when present in the upper atmosphere, contribute to global climate change. The cause of this contribution is due to the absorption and re-emission of radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>'''Greenhouse gases''' or '''GHGs''', refer to gases that, when present in the upper atmosphere, contribute to global climate change. The cause of this contribution is due to the absorption and re-emission of radiation within the infrared range. </onlyinclude>

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	The global warming potential(GWP) of a gas is the relative capability for a gas to trap heat within the atmosphere. This measurement is done in comparison to an equal mass of carbon dioxide. Many restrictions and regulations placed on substances are due to high GWP values, as included in the [[Kyoto Protocol]]		The global warming potential(GWP) of a gas is the relative capability for a gas to trap heat within the atmosphere. This measurement is done in comparison to an equal mass of carbon dioxide. Many restrictions and regulations placed on substances are due to high GWP values, as included in the [[Kyoto Protocol]]
	==Water Vapor==		==Water Vapor==
	Water vapor is merely water (H<sub>2</sub>0) in its gaseous form. It is very abundant in the atmosphere, and the most common of the greenhouse gases. Water Vapor is the most potent of the greenhouse gases due to the hydroxyl bonds in its chemical structure. ~~Wator~~ vapor exists in the atmosphere in the form of moisture and clouds, and is ~~apart~~ of the water cycle as a precipitate creating rain. The GWP value for water vapor has yet to be calculated.		Water vapor is merely water (H<sub>2</sub>0) in its gaseous form. It is very abundant in the atmosphere, and the most common of the greenhouse gases. Water Vapor is the most potent of the greenhouse gases due to the hydroxyl bonds in its chemical structure. Water vapor exists in the atmosphere in the form of moisture and clouds, and is a part of the water cycle as a precipitate creating rain. The GWP value for water vapor has yet to be calculated.

	The most interesting attribute of water as a greenhouse gas is that it serves as a [[positive feedback]] mechanism for [[global warming]]. The warmer the world gets, the more water vapor there is in air, the more warming the water vapor causes. So, while water vapor is a bigger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, it responds to and amplifies climate change, rather driving climate change.		The most interesting attribute of water as a greenhouse gas is that it serves as a [[positive feedback]] mechanism for [[global warming]]. The warmer the world gets, the more water vapor there is in air, the more warming the water vapor causes. So, while water vapor is a bigger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, it responds to and amplifies climate change, rather driving climate change.
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	==Nitrous Oxide==		==Nitrous Oxide==
	:''[[~~Nitrous~~ oxide\|main page]]''		:''[[Nitrogen oxide\|main page]]''
	Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) commonly known as laughing gas due to it's use as an anaesthetic in surgery, is a naturally occurring gas often used in rocketry and racing to improve power output as an oxidizer. While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298<ref name=RadiationBudget/> greater than that of carbon dioxide. Although it is a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect, nitrous oxide is also the primary regulator of ozone in the stratosphere. nitrous oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitric oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone maintaining concentration balances. Nitrous oxide is also commonly used as an aerosol propellant for canisters filled with substances like whipped cream and as an inert gas when filling potato chips and other snacks to protect them in transit from compression. Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in the environment in soil by various organic chemical reactions.		Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) commonly known as laughing gas due to it's use as an anaesthetic in surgery, is a naturally occurring gas often used in rocketry and racing to improve power output as an oxidizer. While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298<ref name=RadiationBudget/> greater than that of carbon dioxide. Although it is a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect, nitrous oxide is also the primary regulator of ozone in the stratosphere. nitrous oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitric oxide, which in turn reacts with ozone maintaining concentration balances. Nitrous oxide is also commonly used as an aerosol propellant for canisters filled with substances like whipped cream and as an inert gas when filling potato chips and other snacks to protect them in transit from compression. Nitrous oxide is produced naturally in the environment in soil by various organic chemical reactions.