Ground source heat pump - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-09-03T22:23:42Z

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energy>Jmdonev at 21:11, 26 August 2018

2018-08-26T21:11:14Z

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	[[Category:Done ~~2017~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2018-08-03]]
	[[File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A ground source heat pump in a basement, with the underground loop seen going out the wall.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg#/media/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A ground source heat pump in a basement, with the underground loop seen going out the wall.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg#/media/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Ground source heat pumps''', also known as '''geothermal heat pumps''', are highly effective [[space heating]] and cooling technologies that extract [[heat]] from the ground. Sometimes the source of this heat is the [[sun]] (warming the surface and [[Thermal conduction\|conducting]] underground), and other times the heat comes from [[geothermal energy]]. The ground source heat pumps are literally pumping heat from the ground into a space, often someone's home.</onlyinclude> Heat can be extracted from any [[temperature]], no matter how cold, however hotter temperatures result in better [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance\|performance]].		<onlyinclude>'''Ground source heat pumps''', also known as '''geothermal heat pumps''', are highly effective [[space heating]] and cooling technologies that extract [[heat]] from the ground. Sometimes the source of this heat is the [[sun]] (warming the surface and [[Thermal conduction\|conducting]] underground), and other times the heat comes from [[geothermal energy]]. The ground source heat pumps are literally pumping heat from the ground into a space, often someone's home.</onlyinclude> Heat can be extracted from any [[temperature]], no matter how cold, however hotter temperatures result in better [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance\|performance]].

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:47:40Z

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Jmdonev at 23:07, 28 August 2017

2017-08-28T23:07:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:07, 28 August 2017
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-08-21]]		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
	[[File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A ground source heat pump in a basement, with the underground loop seen going out the wall.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg#/media/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A ground source heat pump in a basement, with the underground loop seen going out the wall.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg#/media/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg</ref>]]
			<onlyinclude>'''Ground source heat pumps''', also known as '''geothermal heat pumps''', are highly effective [[space heating]] and cooling technologies that extract [[heat]] from the ground. Sometimes the source of this heat is the [[sun]] (warming the surface and [[Thermal conduction\|conducting]] underground), and other times the heat comes from [[geothermal energy]]. The ground source heat pumps are literally pumping heat from the ground into a space, often someone's home.</onlyinclude> Heat can be extracted from any [[temperature]], no matter how cold, however hotter temperatures result in better [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance\|performance]].

	~~<onlyinclude>'''~~Ground source heat pumps''', ~~also known as '''geothermal heat pumps'''~~, ~~are highly effective~~ [[~~space heating~~]] ~~and cooling technologies that make use of~~ the ~~Earth's relatively stable shallow-ground~~ [[~~temperature~~]]s. [~~[Heat]~~] ~~can be extracted from any temperature~~, ~~no matter how cold, however hotter temperatures result in better [[~~heat ~~pump#Coefficient of performance\|performance]].~~</~~onlyinclude~~>		Ground source heat pumps can be installed in a home's backyard almost anywhere around the world, however different locations are better suited for their use. For example, the higher the temperature available underground during winter months, the less [[work]] the [[heat pump]] needs to do.<Ref name=doe1>Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>

	~~Ground source~~ heat ~~pumps can be installed in a home's backyard almost anywhere around~~ the ~~world~~, ~~however different locations may be better suited~~ for ~~their~~ use. ~~For example,~~ the ~~higher~~ the ~~temperature available underground during winter months~~, the ~~less~~ [[~~work~~]] ~~the~~ [[~~heat pump~~]] ~~needs to do. Depending on~~ the ~~location~~, ~~these underground temperatures range from 7°C to 21°C.~~<~~Ref~~ name=~~doe1~~>Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/~~energysaver~~/~~articles~~/geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>		A main benefit of these systems is that they make use of already available [[heat]] that is stored within the Earth, so the heating or cooling for a home does not need to use [[natural gas]] or [[heater\|electrical heating]]. Since ground source heat pumps obtain the energy for heating from the ground, as opposed to conventional systems that require the [[combustion]] of [[fossil fuel]]s or the use of electricity,<ref name=doe2>Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/eere/geothermal/geothermal-heat-pumps</ref> they have lower fuel costs and lower [[carbon dioxide]] emissions during system operation, which will be explored in the [[ground source heat pump#Environment Impact\|environmental impact section]] below.

	~~A main benefit of these systems is that they make use of natural~~ [[heat]] ~~that is stored within~~ the ~~Earth, so~~ the ~~heating or cooling for a home does not need to run solely off of [[natural gas~~]] or [[~~electricity~~]]~~. Conventional heating systems require~~ the [[~~combustion~~]] of [[~~fossil fuel~~]]s or the ~~use of electricity,~~<ref name=~~doe2~~>~~Department of Energy~~. ~~(August 12~~, ~~2015). ''~~Geothermal Heat Pumps'' ~~[Online]~~, ~~Available~~: ~~http://energy~~.~~gov/eere/geothermal/geothermal-heat~~-~~pumps~~</ref> ~~so this results~~ in ~~lower costs over time and lower~~ [[~~carbon dioxide~~]] ~~emissions during these system's operation~~, ~~which will be explored in~~ the [[ground source ~~heat pump#Environment Impact\|environmental impact section]] below~~.		==Terminology==
			[[File:open_loop_system.gif\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 2. An open loop system exchanges water with the groundwater.<Ref name = doe3>Department of Energy Heat & Cool - Geothermal heat pumps [Online, accessed August 28th, 2017.], Available: https://energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>]]
			[[File:closed_loop_system_vertical.gif\|200px\|thumb\|Figure 3. A ground source heat pump in a basement, with the underground loop seen going out the wall.<Ref name = doe3/>]]

			[[Geothermal energy]] originates in the various [[cross section of the Earth\|layers of the Earth]], however one has to go a significant depth (10-20 [[meter]]s or more) before the temperature starts to rise in response to the Earth's internal temperature.<ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson, "Geothermal Heat Pumps" in ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed., New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012, ch. 8, sec. 4, pp. 214-218</ref> Therefore the term "'''geothermal heat pump'''" can be misleading since the heat these pumps use is not necessarily geothermal in origin, but rather from the [[Sun]] or heat stored in the shallow subsurface, and the term "'''ground source'''" is often preferred.

			===Open loop vs. closed loop systems===

	~~==Terminology==~~		Open loop systems, like in figure 2, pull water from underground ([[groundwater]]) and then put water back into the ground (cooler water, with the heat taken out), using the heat in the water to warm the living space. By contrast, closed loop systems, see figure 3, use the same fluid repeatedly with the fluid never mixing with the groundwater.

	~~[[Geothermal energy]] originates in the various [[cross section of the Earth\|layers of the Earth]]~~, ~~however one has to go a significant depth (100~~ [[meter]]s or more) before the temperature starts to rise in response to the Earth's internal temperature.<ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson, "Geothermal Heat Pumps" in ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed., New York, NY: W.~~W. Norton & Company, 2012, ch. 8, sec. 4, pp. 214-218<~~/~~ref> Therefore the term "'''~~geothermal heat ~~pump'''" may be misleading since the heat these~~ pumps ~~use is not necessarily geothermal in origin, but rather from the [[Sun]~~]~~, and "'''ground source'''" is often preferred~~.		Both systems have advantages and disadvantages, for more information please see [https://energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps The Department of Energy].

	==Use==		==Use==
			Closed loop systems do not rely on an underground water source like other geothermal energy systems, so they can be installed nearly anywhere. Even though the installation price may be greater than the competitive heating technologies, their performance makes up for this cost in 5 - 10 years.<Ref name=doe1/> Along with a typical lifetime of the system being 25 years, and little to no need for maintenance through its lifetime,<Ref name=boyle/> these systems generally result in [[cost]] savings.

	Due to these systems not relying on an underground water source like other geothermal energy systems, they can be installed nearly anywhere. Even though the installation price may be greater than the competitive heating technologies, their performance makes up for this cost in 5 - 10 years.<Ref name=doe1/> Along with a typical lifetime of the system being 25 years, and little to no need for maintenance through its lifetime,<Ref name=boyle/> these systems generally result in cost savings.		There are around 50 000 of these systems installed in the United States alone each year, with over 3 million currently installed in over 70 countries around the world.<Ref name=iea>International Energy Agency. (Written 2010, accessed August 28, 2017). ''Renewable Energy Essentials: Geothermal'' [Online], Available: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Geothermal_Essentials.pdf</ref>

	There are around 50 000 of these systems installed in the United States alone each year, with over 3 million currently installed in over 70 countries around the world.<Ref name=iea>International Energy Agency. (August 12, ~~2015~~). ''Renewable Energy Essentials: Geothermal'' [Online], Available: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Geothermal_Essentials.pdf</ref>

	==How they work==		==How they work==

	In the winter, the underground temperatures provide a steady heat source; this means that with the aid of electricity, a ground source heat pump may be used for '''heating'''. In the summer, the heat from within the home may be dispelled underground and the pumps may be used for '''cooling'''.		In the winter, the underground temperatures provide a steady heat source; this means that with the aid of electricity, a ground source heat pump may be used for '''heating'''. In the summer, the heat from within the home may be dispelled underground and the pumps may be used for '''cooling'''.

			[[File:geothermal_heat-cool2.jpg\|600px\|center\|thumb\|Figure 4. The figure shows that the air from the living space is flowing into the system and has heat added to, or taken from it.<Ref>This image shows up on a number of websites, we couldn't figure out the original author, but took the image from Energyhomes.org's website 'What is a Geothermal Heat Pump', available: http://www.energyhomes.org/renewable-technology/howgeoworks.html [Online, accessed August 28th, 2017.]</ref> This heat is then either deposited (if the air is warmer than desired) in the ground. If the air is cooler than desired, heat is taken from the ground.]]

	They differ from other [[geothermal energy]] technologies, as they acquire their heat through direct [[conduction]], whereas [[geothermal electricity\|geothermal power plants]] acquire their heat by pumping hot water up to the surface first.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>		They differ from other [[geothermal energy]] technologies, as they acquire their heat through direct [[conduction]], whereas [[geothermal electricity\|geothermal power plants]] acquire their heat by pumping hot water up to the surface first.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>
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	==Environmental Impact==		==Environmental Impact==

	Ground source heat pumps use energy effectively, and are often cost-effective and clean systems. They use 25% to 50% less electricity to run compared to conventional heating and cooling systems, and for every unit of electricity they can get over ''three'' units of heat (a [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance\|COP]] over 3).<Ref name=~~doe3~~>US Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Choosing and Installing Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/choosing-and-installing-geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>		Ground source heat pumps use energy effectively, and are often cost-effective and clean systems. They use 25% to 50% less electricity to run compared to conventional heating and cooling systems, and for every unit of electricity they can get over ''three'' units of heat (a [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance\|COP]] over 3).<Ref name=doe4>US Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Choosing and Installing Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/choosing-and-installing-geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>

	CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]] from these systems can be up to 40% less than other heating or cooling systems. Even better, if the electricity was generated by a [[renewable energy]] source, such as a house's [[solar panel]]s, then there are zero [[greenhouse gas]] emissions during the system's operation (however, there are indeed GHGs associated with manufacture, installment, decommission, etc).<ref name=boyle/>		CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]] from these systems can be up to 40% less than other heating or cooling systems. Even better, if the electricity was generated by a [[renewable energy]] source, such as a house's [[solar panel]]s, then there are zero [[greenhouse gas]] emissions during the system's operation (however, there are indeed GHGs associated with manufacture, installment, decommission, etc).<ref name=boyle/>

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:53Z

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← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
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J.williams at 18:50, 24 August 2015

2015-08-24T18:50:43Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-08-21]]
[[File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg|200px|thumb|Figure 1. A ground source heat pump in a basement, with the underground loop seen going out the wall.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg#/media/File:Geothermal_shilsholepointe.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Ground source heat pumps''', also known as '''geothermal heat pumps''', are highly effective [[space heating]] and cooling technologies that make use of the Earth's relatively stable shallow-ground [[temperature]]s. [[Heat]] can be extracted from any temperature, no matter how cold, however hotter temperatures result in better [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance|performance]].</onlyinclude>

Ground source heat pumps can be installed in a home's backyard almost anywhere around the world, however different locations may be better suited for their use. For example, the higher the temperature available underground during winter months, the less [[work]] the [[heat pump]] needs to do. Depending on the location, these underground temperatures range from 7°C to 21°C.<Ref name=doe1>Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>

A main benefit of these systems is that they make use of natural [[heat]] that is stored within the Earth, so the heating or cooling for a home does not need to run solely off of [[natural gas]] or [[electricity]]. Conventional heating systems require the [[combustion]] of [[fossil fuel]]s or the use of electricity,<ref name=doe2>Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/eere/geothermal/geothermal-heat-pumps</ref> so this results in lower costs over time and lower [[carbon dioxide]] emissions during these system's operation, which will be explored in the [[ground source heat pump#Environment Impact|environmental impact section]] below.

==Terminology==

[[Geothermal energy]] originates in the various [[cross section of the Earth|layers of the Earth]], however one has to go a significant depth (100 [[meter]]s or more) before the temperature starts to rise in response to the Earth's internal temperature.<ref name=wolf>R. Wolfson, "Geothermal Heat Pumps" in ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed., New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012, ch. 8, sec. 4, pp. 214-218</ref> Therefore the term "'''geothermal heat pump'''" may be misleading since the heat these pumps use is not necessarily geothermal in origin, but rather from the [[Sun]], and "'''ground source'''" is often preferred.

==Use==

Due to these systems not relying on an underground water source like other geothermal energy systems, they can be installed nearly anywhere. Even though the installation price may be greater than the competitive heating technologies, their performance makes up for this cost in 5 - 10 years.<Ref name=doe1/> Along with a typical lifetime of the system being 25 years, and little to no need for maintenance through its lifetime,<Ref name=boyle/> these systems generally result in cost savings.

There are around 50 000 of these systems installed in the United States alone each year, with over 3 million currently installed in over 70 countries around the world.<Ref name=iea>International Energy Agency. (August 12, 2015). ''Renewable Energy Essentials: Geothermal'' [Online], Available: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/Geothermal_Essentials.pdf</ref>

==How they work==

In the winter, the underground temperatures provide a steady heat source; this means that with the aid of electricity, a ground source heat pump may be used for '''heating'''. In the summer, the heat from within the home may be dispelled underground and the pumps may be used for '''cooling'''.

They differ from other [[geothermal energy]] technologies, as they acquire their heat through direct [[conduction]], whereas [[geothermal electricity|geothermal power plants]] acquire their heat by pumping hot water up to the surface first.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>

To acquire the [[heat]] from the ground, a loop of pipe working as a [[heat exchanger]] is buried either horizontally or vertically, depending on how much space the user has available. It contains a fluid (either water, or a water-antifreeze mixture) that absorbs heat in the winter, or dispels heat in the summer. This fluid circulates up to the [[heat pump]], which takes the heat from the underground pipe and uses it for heating purposes in the winter, while in the summer it takes heat from the house and transfers it underground.<ref name=doe1/>

20 years' experience with these systems has shown that a few [[watt|kilowatts]] of [[thermal power]] can be extracted during heating season, suited for the domestic scale.<Ref name=boyle/>

The video below shows the process of installing a ground source pump, along with its operation.<Ref name=doe1/> To learn how the heat pump itself works, '''visit the page on [[heat pump]]s'''.

<html>
<iframe width="816" height="459" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y_ZGBhy48YI" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></html>

==Environmental Impact==

Ground source heat pumps use energy effectively, and are often cost-effective and clean systems. They use 25% to 50% less electricity to run compared to conventional heating and cooling systems, and for every unit of electricity they can get over ''three'' units of heat (a [[heat pump#Coefficient of performance|COP]] over 3).<Ref name=doe3>US Department of Energy. (August 12, 2015). ''Choosing and Installing Geothermal Heat Pumps'' [Online], Available: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/choosing-and-installing-geothermal-heat-pumps</ref>

CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]] from these systems can be up to 40% less than other heating or cooling systems. Even better, if the electricity was generated by a [[renewable energy]] source, such as a house's [[solar panel]]s, then there are zero [[greenhouse gas]] emissions during the system's operation (however, there are indeed GHGs associated with manufacture, installment, decommission, etc).<ref name=boyle/>

Even though the electricity is not always produced from a GHG-free source, the emissions associated with ground source heat pumps is still almost always less than conventional heating/cooling systems. Ground source heat pumps always produce less carbon dioxide emissions than [[air conditioner]]s, [[oil]] burning [[furnace]]s and electric heaters, however [[natural gas]] heaters may be cleaner depending on where the local electricity supply is coming from (for example, electricity from the use of [[coal]]).<ref>J Hanova and H Dowlatabadi. (August 12, 2015). ''Strategic GHG reduction through the use of ground source heat pump technology'' [Online], Available: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/2/4/044001/pdf/erl7_4_044001.pdf</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]