Human development index - Revision history

Jmdonev at 20:45, 29 September 2023

2023-09-29T20:45:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:45, 29 September 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
	[[Category:Lecture 2B Energy around the world]]		[[Category:Lecture 2B Energy around the world]]
	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-06-15]]		[[Category:Done 2022-12-31]]
	<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In ~~2013~~, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was ~~Norway~~, with a value of 0.~~944~~.<ref name='Table1'/>		<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In 2021, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was Switzerland, with a value of 0.962.<ref name='Table1'/>

	The map below shows HDI values in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>		The map below shows HDI values in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>
Line 16:		Line 16:

	==HDI Trends==		==HDI Trends==
	General trends indicate that the overall HDI value is increasing.<ref name=trends>UN Development Programme. [~~March 14~~, ~~2015~~]. ''Table 2: Human Development Index ~~Trends~~''' [Online]. Available: ~~http~~://hdr.undp.org/en/~~content~~/~~table~~-2-~~human-development-index-trends-1980-2013~~</ref> As countries become more developed and secure, they are better able to promote changes in the country that increase how well the needs of the people are met, specifically in indicator areas. As development occurs in these countries and economies grow, GDP increases as well as life expectancy as there is more access to social programs. As well, the quality of education tends to increase as [[rural population]] shrinks and people move to more [[urban population\|urban centers]] in hopes of finding better jobs.<ref>The World Bank. (March 14, 2015).''2014 - World Development Indicators'' [Online]. Available: http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi-2014-book.pdf </ref> Overall, data shows that HDI has been increasing and will continue to increase with development.		General trends indicate that the overall HDI value is increasing.<ref name=trends>UN Development Programme. [September 28, 2023]. ''Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990-2021''' [Online]. Available: https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2021-22_HDR/HDR21-22_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Trends_Table.xlsx</ref> As countries become more developed and secure, they are better able to promote changes in the country that increase how well the needs of the people are met, specifically in indicator areas. As development occurs in these countries and economies grow, GDP increases as well as life expectancy as there is more access to social programs. As well, the quality of education tends to increase as [[rural population]] shrinks and people move to more [[urban population\|urban centers]] in hopes of finding better jobs.<ref>The World Bank. (March 14, 2015).''2014 - World Development Indicators'' [Online]. Available: http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi-2014-book.pdf </ref> Overall, data shows that HDI has been increasing and will continue to increase with development.

	To explore HDI trends worldwide, Canadian Geographic has an interesting interactive simulation [http://worldmap.canadiangeographic.ca/ here].		To explore HDI trends worldwide, Canadian Geographic has an interesting interactive simulation [http://worldmap.canadiangeographic.ca/ here].

Jmdonev at 19:59, 25 July 2023

2023-07-25T19:59:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 25 July 2023
Line 4:		Line 4:
	<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In 2013, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was Norway, with a value of 0.944.<ref name='Table1'/>		<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In 2013, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was Norway, with a value of 0.944.<ref name='Table1'/>

	The map below shows HDI values ~~from 2013~~ in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>		The map below shows HDI values in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>
	<html><iframe src="https://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDI.html" style="width:820px;height:520px;border:none"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="https://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDI.html" style="width:820px;height:520px;border:none"></iframe></html>

	~~Measuing~~ HDI is effective as it is more strongly correlated to quality of life than GDP as GDP looks solely at economic concerns, whereas HDI looks at three different dimensions of quality of life. These dimensions are '''economic well-being''', '''levels of knowledge''', and '''health'''.<ref name='econ'/> As well, HDI includes the negative effects of high energy use, such as [[pollution]] levels from particular [[fuel]]s being used. [[Climate change]] is also involved in measures of HDI. After a certain point of energy use a decline in quality of life will occur due to extreme amounts of pollution and climate change.<ref name='wolfson'/>		Measuring HDI is effective as it is more strongly correlated to quality of life than GDP as GDP looks solely at economic concerns, whereas HDI looks at three different dimensions of quality of life. These dimensions are '''economic well-being''', '''levels of knowledge''', and '''health'''.<ref name='econ'/> As well, HDI includes the negative effects of high energy use, such as [[pollution]] levels from particular [[fuel]]s being used. [[Climate change]] is also involved in measures of HDI. After a certain point of energy use a decline in quality of life will occur due to extreme amounts of pollution and climate change.<ref name='wolfson'/>

	===Criticisms===		===Criticisms===
Line 24:		Line 24:

	Note that the HDI does tend to level off after a certain point, this means that more energy does not automatically translate into better lives. Although the opposite, not having access to energy certainly seems to cause problems for the people in a country.		Note that the HDI does tend to level off after a certain point, this means that more energy does not automatically translate into better lives. Although the opposite, not having access to energy certainly seems to cause problems for the people in a country.
	[~~[category~~:~~371 topics]~~]
			Another graph is at the UNDP Human Development report found [https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI here].


	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev at 19:57, 25 July 2023

2023-07-25T19:57:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, 25 July 2023
Line 24:		Line 24:

	Note that the HDI does tend to level off after a certain point, this means that more energy does not automatically translate into better lives. Although the opposite, not having access to energy certainly seems to cause problems for the people in a country.		Note that the HDI does tend to level off after a certain point, this means that more energy does not automatically translate into better lives. Although the opposite, not having access to energy certainly seems to cause problems for the people in a country.
	~~<html>~~
	~~<iframe scrolling="no" src="http://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDIscatter.html" style="width:815px;height:515px;border:none"></iframe>~~
	~~</html>~~
	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
	~~The units along the bottom of the graph are [[kilogram]] of [[oil]] equivalent, per person, in a year.~~

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-06-25T14:30:34Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:30, 25 June 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 21:57, 21 June 2018

2018-06-21T21:57:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:57, 21 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
	[[Category:Lecture 2B Energy around the world]]		[[Category:Lecture 2B Energy around the world]]
	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-08-21]]		[[Category:Done 2018-06-15]]
	<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In 2013, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was Norway, with a value of 0.944.<ref name='Table1'/>		<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In 2013, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was Norway, with a value of 0.944.<ref name='Table1'/>

	The map below shows HDI values from 2013 in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>		The map below shows HDI values from 2013 in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>
	<html><iframe src="~~http~~://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDI.html" style="width:820px;height:520px;border:none"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="https://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDI.html" style="width:820px;height:520px;border:none"></iframe></html>

	Measuing HDI is effective as it is more strongly correlated to quality of life than GDP as GDP looks solely at economic concerns, whereas HDI looks at three different dimensions of quality of life. These dimensions are '''economic well-being''', '''levels of knowledge''', and '''health'''.<ref name='econ'/> As well, HDI includes the negative effects of high energy use, such as [[pollution]] levels from particular [[fuel]]s being used. [[Climate change]] is also involved in measures of HDI. After a certain point of energy use a decline in quality of life will occur due to extreme amounts of pollution and climate change.<ref name='wolfson'/>		Measuing HDI is effective as it is more strongly correlated to quality of life than GDP as GDP looks solely at economic concerns, whereas HDI looks at three different dimensions of quality of life. These dimensions are '''economic well-being''', '''levels of knowledge''', and '''health'''.<ref name='econ'/> As well, HDI includes the negative effects of high energy use, such as [[pollution]] levels from particular [[fuel]]s being used. [[Climate change]] is also involved in measures of HDI. After a certain point of energy use a decline in quality of life will occur due to extreme amounts of pollution and climate change.<ref name='wolfson'/>

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:53Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

J.williams at 18:50, 24 August 2015

2015-08-24T18:50:43Z

New page

[[category:371 topics]]
[[Category:Lecture 2B Energy around the world]]
[[Category:Done 2015-08-21]]
<onlyinclude>The '''Human Development Index''', also known as the HDI, is an evaluation of several different indicators that shows achievement in human life and well-being overall.</onlyinclude><ref name='UN'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Human Development Index''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi</ref> HDI is an overall view of human development and works to show whether a country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped.<ref name='econ'>Amanda Brinley. (March 14, 2015). ''The Human Development Index'' [Online]. Available: http://geography.about.com/od/countryinformation/a/unhdi.htm</ref> Generally, having a high HDI is linked to a high [[quality of life]]. Indicators for HDI include measures of [[GDP]], [[life expectancy]], adult literacy, and school enrollment.<ref name='wolfson'>Richard Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd Ed. New York, New York, USA. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.</ref> Specifically, it is the years that a person is expected to attend school that is used as the measure for HDI.<ref name='Table1'>UN Development Programme. (March 14, 2015). ''Table 1: Human Development Index and Components''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-1-human-development-index-and-its-components</ref> The HDI value for a country is a single number that is less than one. In 2013, the UN determined that the country with the highest HDI value was Norway, with a value of 0.944.<ref name='Table1'/>

The map below shows HDI values from 2013 in different regions over the world. Data taken from the United Nations.<ref name=trends/>
<html><iframe src="http://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDI.html" style="width:820px;height:520px;border:none"></iframe></html>

Measuing HDI is effective as it is more strongly correlated to quality of life than GDP as GDP looks solely at economic concerns, whereas HDI looks at three different dimensions of quality of life. These dimensions are '''economic well-being''', '''levels of knowledge''', and '''health'''.<ref name='econ'/> As well, HDI includes the negative effects of high energy use, such as [[pollution]] levels from particular [[fuel]]s being used. [[Climate change]] is also involved in measures of HDI. After a certain point of energy use a decline in quality of life will occur due to extreme amounts of pollution and climate change.<ref name='wolfson'/>

===Criticisms===
Although effective, HDI is not a perfect indicator of human well-being and [[quality of life]]. HDI is not able to easily show inequalities, even though they do exist.<ref name='UN'/> Primarily one can see significant differences in quality of life, especially in less developed counties, between men and women. This isn't represented well in HDI alone, but the ''Gender Inequality Index'' subdivides indicators for HDI into how well that need is met for women and men.<ref>UN Development Programme. [March 14, 2015]. ''Table 4: Gender Inequality Index'' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-4-gender-inequality-index </ref> As well, HDI doesn't reflect on levels of poverty, human security, empowerment, or ecological conerns.<ref name='UN'/> The HDI has also been criticized for focusing on national performance and ranking instead of also recognizing countries on a global scale.<ref name='econ'/>

==HDI and Energy Use==
Generally speaking, more developed countries generally have a greater HDI as they are better able to provide citizens with the widespread amenities that promote a high level of development. This leads to a correlation between energy use and HDI. More developed countries have higher HDIs, so generally countries with greater energy use boast higher levels of human development. Primarily the growth of urban centers with increased GDP and a growing economy increases energy use and HDI at the same time. As people move from the rural areas to urban cities in search of higher paying jobs and further education, they have more constant [[electricity access|access to electricity]]. More people in urban centers leads to greater energy use. In rural areas, this lack of electricity access can be detrimental to HDI values. In areas where electricity access is improved, it becomes easier for communities to provide better schooling and medical facilities. As well, electricity in rural homes increases quality of life as it reduces the need to burn more harmful fuels. Overall, more access to electricity and therefore higher energy use in countries can be an indicator of higher or increasing HDI levels.

==HDI Trends==
General trends indicate that the overall HDI value is increasing.<ref name=trends>UN Development Programme. [March 14, 2015]. ''Table 2: Human Development Index Trends''' [Online]. Available: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-2-human-development-index-trends-1980-2013</ref> As countries become more developed and secure, they are better able to promote changes in the country that increase how well the needs of the people are met, specifically in indicator areas. As development occurs in these countries and economies grow, GDP increases as well as life expectancy as there is more access to social programs. As well, the quality of education tends to increase as [[rural population]] shrinks and people move to more [[urban population|urban centers]] in hopes of finding better jobs.<ref>The World Bank. (March 14, 2015).''2014 - World Development Indicators'' [Online]. Available: http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi-2014-book.pdf </ref> Overall, data shows that HDI has been increasing and will continue to increase with development.

To explore HDI trends worldwide, Canadian Geographic has an interesting interactive simulation [http://worldmap.canadiangeographic.ca/ here].

==Interactive Graph==
There is an interesting trend when investigating how the HDI of a country changes with its energy use. Since HDI goes up with rural electrification and increased access to social services (such as health care facilities), there tends to be a trend that shows HDI increases as energy use does as this energy is used to provide basic services to society. The graph below of primary energy use per capita and HDI values for 2012 for many countries worldwide. Mousing over specific spots on the graph give which country it is. The data for the graph below was obtained from the World Bank.<ref name=trends/><ref>World Bank. (August 19, 2015). ''Energy Use'' [Online]. Available: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE</ref>

Note that the HDI does tend to level off after a certain point, this means that more energy does not automatically translate into better lives. Although the opposite, not having access to energy certainly seems to cause problems for the people in a country.
<html>
<iframe scrolling="no" src="http://www.energyeducation.ca/simulations/graphs/HDIscatter.html" style="width:815px;height:515px;border:none"></iframe>
</html>
[[category:371 topics]]
The units along the bottom of the graph are [[kilogram]] of [[oil]] equivalent, per person, in a year.
==References==
{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]