Hurricane strength - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2026-08-04T20:43:55Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:43, 4 August 2026
(No difference)

energy>Jmdonev at 22:27, 30 July 2026

2026-07-30T22:27:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:27, 30 July 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	#REDIRECT [[Hurricane]]		#REDIRECT [[Hurricane]]
	[[Category:Done ~~2017~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2026-08-01]]
	[[Category: Uploaded]]		[[Category: Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Fixing the uploaded category problem

2018-06-04T16:47:25Z

1 revision imported: Fixing the uploaded category problem

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:47, 4 June 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 16:44, 4 June 2018

2018-06-04T16:44:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:44, 4 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	#REDIRECT [[Hurricane]]		#REDIRECT [[Hurricane]]
	[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
			[[Category: Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:47:22Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:47, 29 August 2017
(No difference)

Jmdonev: Redirected page to Hurricane

2017-08-15T22:51:06Z

Redirected page to Hurricane

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:51, 15 August 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[~~Category:Done 2016-04-30~~]]		#REDIRECT [[Hurricane]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Hurricanes''' are large storms with winds of 119 km/hr or higher.<ref name=RE1>"What Are Hurricanes?", NASA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-are-hurricanes-58.html. [~~Accessed: 12- Jun- 2016].</ref> The generic, scientific term for these storms, regardless of where they occur, is~~ [[tropical cyclone]].</onlyinclude> They form near the equator over warm [[ocean]] [[water]]s. The term hurricane is used only for the large storms that form over the Atlantic Ocean or the eastern Pacific Ocean. When a hurricane reaches land, it pushes a wall of ocean water towards the land. This wall of water that forms is called a [[storm surge]], and when mixed in with heavy [[rain]], it can cause [[flood \| flooding]], especially near the coast.		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]

	A hurricane starts out as a tropical disturbance, an area over warm ocean waters where [[rain cloud]]s are forming. Tropical cyclones are like engines that require warm and moist [[air]] as the fuel. So the first ingredient needed for a tropical cyclone is warm ocean water. That is why tropical cyclones form only in tropical regions where the ocean is at least 26°[[Celsius\|C]] for at least the top 50 meters below the surface.<ref name=RE2>"NOAA': How does a hurricane form?", NASA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/hurricane/. [Accessed: 08- Jun- 2016].</ref> The second ingredient for a tropical cyclone is [[wind]]. Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean, the wind blowing westward across the Atlantic from Africa provides the necessary ingredient. As the [[wind]] passes over the ocean's surface, water evaporates and turns into water vapour and rises. As it rises, the [[water vapour]] cools, and condenses back into large water droplets, [[cloud formation \| forming large cumulonimbus clouds]].<ref name=RE2/>

	~~==Categorizing Hurricanes==~~
	Hurricanes are categorized by wind speeds using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a 1-5 scale that categorizes hurricanes based on their intensity at a specific time. Damages typically rise by a factor of four for every category increase.<ref name=RE3>"Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.", NOAA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/aboutsshs.php. [Accessed: 14- Jun- 2016].</ref> The scale does not address the potential for such other hurricane related impacts such as waves, storm surge, floods, or tornadoes.
	* Category 1: ~~Winds 119-153 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>~~
	* Category 2: Winds 154-177 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
	* Category 3: Winds 178-208 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
	* Category 4: Winds 209-251 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
	* Category 5: Winds more than 252 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>

	~~==Hurricane Strength and Climate Change:==~~

	The frequency of hurricanes generally decreases in the Atlantic and Western pacific regions during [[El Nino Southern Oscillation \| El Niño]]. While these areas experience a decrease, the central North and South Pacific regions experience an increase in hurricanes.<ref name=RE5>"Evidence for Changes in Tropical Storms - AR4 WGI Chapter 3: Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change", Ipcc.ch, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch3s3-8-3.html. [Accessed: 10- Jun- 2016].</ref>

	~~By the end of the century, tropical storms are predicted to become 2-11% more intense due to [[anthropogenic]] warming.<ref name=RE4>"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory~~ - ~~Global Warming and Hurricanes", NOAA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/global~~-warming-and-hurricanes. [Accessed: August 3, 2016].</ref> This increase would lead to more economic and social damage. It would also lead to higher rainfall rates compared to present day, with models predicting an increase of 10-15%.<ref name=RE4/> Hurricane models also project that the maximum intensity of hurricanes bred in the Atlantic will increase by about 5% by the year 2100.<ref name=RE4/>

	The video below is a lecture from Prof. David Archer, Department of Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago,<ref name = Archer>Prof. David Archer has graciously allowed the use of this and other videos in a private communication with Jason Donev.</ref> talking about hurricanes and how [[climate change]] ~~effects hurricanes:~~
	~~<HTML5video width="800" height="450" autoplay="false" loop="true">Hurricanes_Archer</HTML5video>~~
	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: From the summer

2016-09-17T22:29:43Z

1 revision imported: From the summer

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:29, 17 September 2016
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 21:20, 25 August 2016

2016-08-25T21:20:59Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]
<onlyinclude>'''Hurricanes''' are large storms with winds of 119 km/hr or higher.<ref name=RE1>"What Are Hurricanes?", NASA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-are-hurricanes-58.html. [Accessed: 12- Jun- 2016].</ref> The generic, scientific term for these storms, regardless of where they occur, is [[tropical cyclone]].</onlyinclude> They form near the equator over warm [[ocean]] [[water]]s. The term hurricane is used only for the large storms that form over the Atlantic Ocean or the eastern Pacific Ocean. When a hurricane reaches land, it pushes a wall of ocean water towards the land. This wall of water that forms is called a [[storm surge]], and when mixed in with heavy [[rain]], it can cause [[flood | flooding]], especially near the coast.

A hurricane starts out as a tropical disturbance, an area over warm ocean waters where [[rain cloud]]s are forming. Tropical cyclones are like engines that require warm and moist [[air]] as the fuel. So the first ingredient needed for a tropical cyclone is warm ocean water. That is why tropical cyclones form only in tropical regions where the ocean is at least 26°[[Celsius|C]] for at least the top 50 meters below the surface.<ref name=RE2>"NOAA': How does a hurricane form?", NASA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/hurricane/. [Accessed: 08- Jun- 2016].</ref> The second ingredient for a tropical cyclone is [[wind]]. Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean, the wind blowing westward across the Atlantic from Africa provides the necessary ingredient. As the [[wind]] passes over the ocean's surface, water evaporates and turns into water vapour and rises. As it rises, the [[water vapour]] cools, and condenses back into large water droplets, [[cloud formation | forming large cumulonimbus clouds]].<ref name=RE2/>

==Categorizing Hurricanes==
Hurricanes are categorized by wind speeds using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a 1-5 scale that categorizes hurricanes based on their intensity at a specific time. Damages typically rise by a factor of four for every category increase.<ref name=RE3>"Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.", NOAA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/aboutsshs.php. [Accessed: 14- Jun- 2016].</ref> The scale does not address the potential for such other hurricane related impacts such as waves, storm surge, floods, or tornadoes.
* Category 1: Winds 119-153 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
* Category 2: Winds 154-177 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
* Category 3: Winds 178-208 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
* Category 4: Winds 209-251 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>
* Category 5: Winds more than 252 km/hr<ref name=RE1/>

==Hurricane Strength and Climate Change:==

The frequency of hurricanes generally decreases in the Atlantic and Western pacific regions during [[El Nino Southern Oscillation | El Niño]]. While these areas experience a decrease, the central North and South Pacific regions experience an increase in hurricanes.<ref name=RE5>"Evidence for Changes in Tropical Storms - AR4 WGI Chapter 3: Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change", Ipcc.ch, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch3s3-8-3.html. [Accessed: 10- Jun- 2016].</ref>

By the end of the century, tropical storms are predicted to become 2-11% more intense due to [[anthropogenic]] warming.<ref name=RE4>"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory - Global Warming and Hurricanes", NOAA, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/global-warming-and-hurricanes. [Accessed: August 3, 2016].</ref> This increase would lead to more economic and social damage. It would also lead to higher rainfall rates compared to present day, with models predicting an increase of 10-15%.<ref name=RE4/> Hurricane models also project that the maximum intensity of hurricanes bred in the Atlantic will increase by about 5% by the year 2100.<ref name=RE4/>

The video below is a lecture from Prof. David Archer, Department of Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago,<ref name = Archer>Prof. David Archer has graciously allowed the use of this and other videos in a private communication with Jason Donev.</ref> talking about hurricanes and how [[climate change]] effects hurricanes:
<HTML5video width="800" height="450" autoplay="false" loop="true">Hurricanes_Archer</HTML5video>
==References==
{{reflist}}