Hydro turbine - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-04-28T15:32:34Z

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energy>Jmdonev: /* Reaction Turbines */

2020-04-10T17:15:49Z

Reaction Turbines

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:15, 10 April 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-05-18]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]

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	Generally, the construction of turbines is the same. A row of blades is fitted to some rotating shaft or plate. Water is then passed through the turbine over the blades, causing the inner shaft to rotate. This rotational motion is then transferred to a [[generator]] where [[electricity]] is generated. There are a variety of different types of turbines that are best used in different situations.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 27, 2015). ''What are Hydraulic Turbines?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26551-hydraulic-turbines-definition-and-basics/</ref> Each type of turbine is created to provide maximum output for the situation it is used in.		Generally, the construction of turbines is the same. A row of blades is fitted to some rotating shaft or plate. Water is then passed through the turbine over the blades, causing the inner shaft to rotate. This rotational motion is then transferred to a [[generator]] where [[electricity]] is generated. There are a variety of different types of turbines that are best used in different situations.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 27, 2015). ''What are Hydraulic Turbines?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26551-hydraulic-turbines-definition-and-basics/</ref> Each type of turbine is created to provide maximum output for the situation it is used in.

	The type of turbine selected for any given hydropower project is based on the height of the [[water ~~storage]]~~ - known as the [[hydraulic head]] - and the [[volume]] of water that flows known as the [[hydroelectric discharge]]. [[Efficiency]] and cost are also factors to be considered.<ref name="RE2">Energy.gov. (August 27, 2015). ''Types of Hydropower Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-turbines</ref>		The type of turbine selected for any given hydropower project is based on the height and speed of the incoming water - known as the [[hydraulic head]] - and the [[volume]] of water that flows known as the [[hydroelectric discharge]]. [[Efficiency]] and cost are also factors to be considered.<ref name="RE2">Energy.gov. (August 27, 2015). ''Types of Hydropower Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-turbines</ref>

	==Turbine Flow==		==Turbine Flow==
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	* '''Axial Flow''': Water flows through the turbine parallel to the axis of rotation.		* '''Axial Flow''': Water flows through the turbine parallel to the axis of rotation.
	* '''Radial Flow''': Water flows through the turbine perpendicular to the axis of rotation.		* '''Radial Flow''': Water flows through the turbine perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
	* '''Mixed Flow''': Water flows through in a combination of both radial and axial flows. For example, in a Francis turbine water flows in radially but exits axially.		* '''Mixed Flow''': Water flows through in a combination of both radial and axial flows. For example, in a [[Francis turbine]] water flows in radially but exits axially.
	Most hydro turbines tend to have mixed flows.		Most hydro turbines tend to have mixed flows.

	==Pressure Change==		==Pressure Change==
	Another criteria used to classify turbines is whether or not the liquid [[pressure]] changes when flowing through a turbine. There are two types of turbines that emerge from this classification, explained below.<ref name="RE1"/>		Another criteria used to classify turbines is whether or not the liquid [[pressure]] changes when flowing through a turbine. There are two types of turbines that emerge from this classification, explained below.<ref name="RE1"/>
	===Impulse ~~Turbines~~===		===Impulse Turbine===
	In impulse turbines, the pressure of the liquid doesn't change in the turbine itself. Instead, pressure changes occur only in the nozzles that direct water flow to the turbine, while the turbine itself operates at atmospheric pressure. These turbines are composed of a jet nozzle or series of nozzles that direct water to the blades of a turbine. Multiple nozzles are usually used where a large wheel isn't feasible. When the water strikes the blades (designed specially to reduce drag), it changes [[velocity]]. This leads to a change in [[momentum]], exerting a [[force]] on the turbine blades. These turbines rely on the ability to take all [[kinetic energy]] from the water to have high efficiencies. Unlike reaction turbines, impulse turbines do not need to be submerged. Types of impulse turbines include [[Pelton turbine]]s, [[Turgo turbine]]s, and [[Crossflow turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.		In impulse turbines, the pressure of the liquid doesn't change in the turbine itself. Instead, pressure changes occur only in the nozzles that direct water flow to the turbine, while the turbine itself operates at atmospheric pressure. These turbines are composed of a jet nozzle or series of nozzles that direct water to the blades of a turbine. Multiple nozzles are usually used where a large wheel isn't feasible. When the water strikes the blades (designed specially to reduce drag), it changes [[velocity]]. This leads to a change in [[momentum]], exerting a [[force]] on the turbine blades. These turbines rely on the ability to take all [[kinetic energy]] from the water to have high efficiencies. Unlike reaction turbines, impulse turbines do not need to be submerged. Types of impulse turbines include [[Pelton turbine]]s, [[Turgo turbine]]s, and [[Crossflow turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.
	===Reaction ~~Turbines~~===
			===Reaction Turbine===
	In reaction turbines, the pressure of the water changes as it moves through the blades of the turbine. Unlike in an impulse turbine, the reaction turbine directly uses water pressure to move blades instead of relying on a conversion of water pressure to kinetic energy. This means that reaction turbines need to be submersed in water. Additionally, components of these turbines must be able to handle high pressure levels inside the turbine. Here, the fluid velocity and reduction in water pressure causes a reaction on the turbine blades, moving them. Types of reaction turbines include [[Kaplan turbine]]s and [[Francis turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.		In reaction turbines, the pressure of the water changes as it moves through the blades of the turbine. Unlike in an impulse turbine, the reaction turbine directly uses water pressure to move blades instead of relying on a conversion of water pressure to kinetic energy. This means that reaction turbines need to be submersed in water. Additionally, components of these turbines must be able to handle high pressure levels inside the turbine. Here, the fluid velocity and reduction in water pressure causes a reaction on the turbine blades, moving them. Types of reaction turbines include [[Kaplan turbine]]s and [[Francis turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Francis turbine]]
			*[[Pelton turbine]]
			*[[Turgo turbine]]
			*[[Hydroelectric facility]]
			*[[Hydroelectric dam]]
			*[[Primary energy]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-18T22:53:06Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:53, 18 May 2018
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Jmdonev at 19:56, 11 May 2018

2018-05-11T19:56:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:56, 11 May 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10-15]]		[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]
	[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]

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	Generally, the construction of turbines is the same. A row of blades is fitted to some rotating shaft or plate. Water is then passed through the turbine over the blades, causing the inner shaft to rotate. This rotational motion is then transferred to a [[generator]] where [[electricity]] is generated. There are a variety of different types of turbines that are best used in different situations.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 27, 2015). ''What are Hydraulic Turbines?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26551-hydraulic-turbines-definition-and-basics/</ref> Each type of turbine is created to provide maximum output for the situation it is used in.		Generally, the construction of turbines is the same. A row of blades is fitted to some rotating shaft or plate. Water is then passed through the turbine over the blades, causing the inner shaft to rotate. This rotational motion is then transferred to a [[generator]] where [[electricity]] is generated. There are a variety of different types of turbines that are best used in different situations.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 27, 2015). ''What are Hydraulic Turbines?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26551-hydraulic-turbines-definition-and-basics/</ref> Each type of turbine is created to provide maximum output for the situation it is used in.

	The type of turbine selected for any given hydropower project is based on the height of the [[water storage]] - known as the [[hydraulic head]] - and the [[volume]] of water that flows known as the [[~~flow rate~~]]. [[Efficiency]] and cost are also factors to be considered.<ref name="RE2">Energy.gov. (August 27, 2015). ''Types of Hydropower Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-turbines</ref>		The type of turbine selected for any given hydropower project is based on the height of the [[water storage]] - known as the [[hydraulic head]] - and the [[volume]] of water that flows known as the [[hydroelectric discharge]]. [[Efficiency]] and cost are also factors to be considered.<ref name="RE2">Energy.gov. (August 27, 2015). ''Types of Hydropower Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-turbines</ref>

	==Turbine Flow==		==Turbine Flow==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]
	~~[[category: Ed edit]]~~

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:31Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:47, 13 November 2015
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 16:31, 15 October 2015

2015-10-15T16:31:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 15 October 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
	[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg\|400px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]

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	Another criteria used to classify turbines is whether or not the liquid [[pressure]] changes when flowing through a turbine. There are two types of turbines that emerge from this classification, explained below.<ref name="RE1"/>		Another criteria used to classify turbines is whether or not the liquid [[pressure]] changes when flowing through a turbine. There are two types of turbines that emerge from this classification, explained below.<ref name="RE1"/>
	===Impulse Turbines===		===Impulse Turbines===
	In impulse turbines, the pressure of the liquid doesn't change in the turbine itself. Instead, pressure changes occur only in the nozzles that direct water flow to the turbine. These turbines are composed of a jet nozzle or series of nozzles that direct water to the blades of a turbine. Multiple nozzles are usually used where a large wheel isn't feasible. When the water strikes the blades, it changes [[velocity]]. This leads to a change in [[momentum]], exerting a [[force]] on the turbine blades. These turbines rely on the ability to take all [[kinetic energy]] from the water to have high efficiencies. Types of impulse turbines include [[Pelton turbine]]s, [[Turgo turbine]]s, and [[Crossflow turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.		In impulse turbines, the pressure of the liquid doesn't change in the turbine itself. Instead, pressure changes occur only in the nozzles that direct water flow to the turbine, while the turbine itself operates at atmospheric pressure. These turbines are composed of a jet nozzle or series of nozzles that direct water to the blades of a turbine. Multiple nozzles are usually used where a large wheel isn't feasible. When the water strikes the blades (designed specially to reduce drag), it changes [[velocity]]. This leads to a change in [[momentum]], exerting a [[force]] on the turbine blades. These turbines rely on the ability to take all [[kinetic energy]] from the water to have high efficiencies. Unlike reaction turbines, impulse turbines do not need to be submerged. Types of impulse turbines include [[Pelton turbine]]s, [[Turgo turbine]]s, and [[Crossflow turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.
	===Reaction Turbines===		===Reaction Turbines===
	In reaction turbines, the pressure of the water changes as it moves through the blades of the turbine. Unlike in an impulse turbine, the reaction turbine directly uses water pressure to move blades instead of relying on a conversion of water pressure to kinetic energy. This means that reaction turbines need to be submersed in water. Additionally, components of these turbines must be able to handle high pressure levels inside the turbine. Here, the fluid velocity and reduction in water pressure causes a reaction on the turbine blades, moving them. Types of reaction turbines include [[Kaplan turbine]]s and [[Francis turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.		In reaction turbines, the pressure of the water changes as it moves through the blades of the turbine. Unlike in an impulse turbine, the reaction turbine directly uses water pressure to move blades instead of relying on a conversion of water pressure to kinetic energy. This means that reaction turbines need to be submersed in water. Additionally, components of these turbines must be able to handle high pressure levels inside the turbine. Here, the fluid velocity and reduction in water pressure causes a reaction on the turbine blades, moving them. Types of reaction turbines include [[Kaplan turbine]]s and [[Francis turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]
			[[category: Ed edit]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:22:22Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:22, 3 September 2015
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Jmdonev at 22:27, 27 August 2015

2015-08-27T22:27:38Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
[[File:Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Figure 1. A Francis turbine, the most commonly used type of hydro turbine is classified as a reaction mixed flow turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 27, 2015). ''Francis turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Francis_turbine_for_Sakuma_power_station.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Hydro turbines''' are devices used in [[hydroelectric facilities|hydroelectric generation plants]] that transfer the [[energy]] from moving [[water]] to a rotating shaft to [[electricity generation|generate electricity]]. These turbines rotate or spin as a response to water being introduced to their blades. These turbines are essential in the area of [[hydropower]] - the process of generating [[power]] from water.</onlyinclude>

Generally, the construction of turbines is the same. A row of blades is fitted to some rotating shaft or plate. Water is then passed through the turbine over the blades, causing the inner shaft to rotate. This rotational motion is then transferred to a [[generator]] where [[electricity]] is generated. There are a variety of different types of turbines that are best used in different situations.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 27, 2015). ''What are Hydraulic Turbines?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26551-hydraulic-turbines-definition-and-basics/</ref> Each type of turbine is created to provide maximum output for the situation it is used in.

The type of turbine selected for any given hydropower project is based on the height of the [[water storage]] - known as the [[hydraulic head]] - and the [[volume]] of water that flows known as the [[flow rate]]. [[Efficiency]] and cost are also factors to be considered.<ref name="RE2">Energy.gov. (August 27, 2015). ''Types of Hydropower Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-turbines</ref>

==Turbine Flow==
Hydro turbines can be classified based on how water flows through the turbine itself. When passed through a turbine, water can take a variety of different paths. This leads to three categories of water flow through turbines:<ref name="RE1"/>
* '''Axial Flow''': Water flows through the turbine parallel to the axis of rotation.
* '''Radial Flow''': Water flows through the turbine perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
* '''Mixed Flow''': Water flows through in a combination of both radial and axial flows. For example, in a Francis turbine water flows in radially but exits axially.
Most hydro turbines tend to have mixed flows.

==Pressure Change==
Another criteria used to classify turbines is whether or not the liquid [[pressure]] changes when flowing through a turbine. There are two types of turbines that emerge from this classification, explained below.<ref name="RE1"/>
===Impulse Turbines===
In impulse turbines, the pressure of the liquid doesn't change in the turbine itself. Instead, pressure changes occur only in the nozzles that direct water flow to the turbine. These turbines are composed of a jet nozzle or series of nozzles that direct water to the blades of a turbine. Multiple nozzles are usually used where a large wheel isn't feasible. When the water strikes the blades, it changes [[velocity]]. This leads to a change in [[momentum]], exerting a [[force]] on the turbine blades. These turbines rely on the ability to take all [[kinetic energy]] from the water to have high efficiencies. Types of impulse turbines include [[Pelton turbine]]s, [[Turgo turbine]]s, and [[Crossflow turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.
===Reaction Turbines===
In reaction turbines, the pressure of the water changes as it moves through the blades of the turbine. Unlike in an impulse turbine, the reaction turbine directly uses water pressure to move blades instead of relying on a conversion of water pressure to kinetic energy. This means that reaction turbines need to be submersed in water. Additionally, components of these turbines must be able to handle high pressure levels inside the turbine. Here, the fluid velocity and reduction in water pressure causes a reaction on the turbine blades, moving them. Types of reaction turbines include [[Kaplan turbine]]s and [[Francis turbine]]s. For more information on where these turbines are used and how they are constructed, follow the links to their respective pages.

==References==
{{reflist}}