Hydrocarbon - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-10-18T16:14:39Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:14, 18 October 2021
(No difference)

energy>Jmdonev at 19:34, 15 October 2021

2021-10-15T19:34:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 15 October 2021
Line 32:		Line 32:
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:02:50Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:02, 27 September 2021
(No difference)

energy>Ethan.boechler at 20:57, 10 September 2021

2021-09-10T20:57:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:57, 10 September 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-06-15]]		[[Category:Done 2021-01-31]]
	<onlyinclude>The term '''hydrocarbon''' refers to the most basic type of [[organic molecule]]s. ~~They~~ are comprised of only 2 elements: [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]]~~, hence the name hydrocarbons~~.<ref name="hyper1">C. Nave. "Hydrocarbons." Internet: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/hydrocarbon.html, [October 25, 2013].</ref> ~~In general, hydrocarbon~~ [[molecule]]s ~~are structured with~~ one or more carbon [[atom]]s ~~forming~~ a ~~central~~ structure ~~that is~~ surrounded by hydrogen atoms</onlyinclude>. There are four main ~~types~~ of hydrocarbons: [[Alkane]]s, [[Alkene]]s, [[Alkyne]]s, and [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>"Hydrocarbons - Chemistry LibreTexts", Chem.libretexts.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons. [Accessed: 07- Jun- 2018].</ref>		[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Hidrocarburo]]
			[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[fr:Hydrocarbure]]
			<onlyinclude>The term '''hydrocarbon''' refers to the most basic type of [[organic molecule]]s. As suggested by their name, they are comprised of only 2 elements: [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].<ref name="hyper1">R. Nave. "Hydrocarbons." Internet: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/hydrocarbon.html , [October 25, 2013].</ref> Hydrocarbon [[molecule]]s have one or more central carbon [[atom]]s in a branched or chain-like structure, surrounded by hydrogen atoms. </onlyinclude> There are four main categories of hydrocarbons: [[Alkane]]s, [[Alkene]]s, [[Alkyne]]s, and [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>"Hydrocarbons - Chemistry LibreTexts", Chem.libretexts.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons. [Accessed: 07- Jun- 2018].</ref>

	The simplest hydrocarbons are called [[alkane]]s. Alkanes are ~~characterized by a simple carbon chain where every~~ carbon ~~atom is bonded to 2 hydrogen~~ atoms ~~and 2 carbon atoms, except~~ the carbons ~~at the end of the chain which are bonded to~~ a ~~third hydrogen, instead of a second carbon~~. ~~An example of alkanes is seen~~ in ~~figure~~ 1~~, which shows that~~ all alkanes ~~are '''made up of~~ single ~~bonds~~.~~''' Hydrocarbon geometry~~ can ~~become very complex as molecules get larger and potentially~~ contain ~~branches and cyclic “loops”~~ of carbon atoms.		==Structure==

			The simplest hydrocarbons are called [[alkane]]s. Alkanes are made exclusively with '''single bonds''' between the carbon atoms. Figure 1 shows some small alkane molecules - notice that all the C-C bonds are single bonds. This means that all carbons in an alkane have a tetrahedral geometry. The examples in Figure 1 are all "straight chain" alkanes, where the central carbons form a single linear chain. Alkanes may also be branched <ref>"Branched Alkanes - Chemistry LibreTexts", chem.libretexts.org, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/25%3A_Organic_Chemistry/25.03%3A_Branched_Alkanes . [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019]. </ref> or cyclic <ref>"Cyclic Hydrocarbons - Chemistry LibreTexts", chem.libretexts.org, 2019. [Online]. Available:https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/25%3A_Organic_Chemistry/25.06%3A_Cyclic_Hydrocarbons. [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019]. </ref>, and can contain any number of carbon atoms.

	[[File:Alkanes.jpg\|450px\|thumbnail\|right\|Figure 1 The smallest hydrocarbons.<ref name="image">D. Darling. "Alkanes." Internet: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/alkane.html, [October 26, 2013]</ref>]]		[[File:Alkanes.jpg\|450px\|thumbnail\|right\|Figure 1 The smallest hydrocarbons.<ref name="image">D. Darling. "Alkanes." Internet: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/alkane.html, [October 26, 2013]</ref>]]

	~~Sometimes~~, ~~elements~~ other than ~~hydrogen and~~ carbon ~~can replace a~~ hydrogen ~~or carbon in a hydrocarbon molecule~~. For example, a hydrogen ~~may be~~ replaced ~~with~~ a ~~bromine or hydroxide~~ [[~~ion~~]]. ~~There is a vast number~~ of ~~possible impure hydrocarbons that contain one or more different elements. In general~~, ~~a hydrocarbon that contains elements other than hydrogen~~ and ~~carbon is not a true hydrocarbon and is called a~~ [[~~hydrocarbon derivative~~]].<ref name="~~hyper1~~" />		Similar in structure to alkanes, [[alkene]]s are hydrocarbons where the central carbon chain contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms, and [[alkyne]]s contain at least one triple bond. Also commonly seen are [[hydrocarbon derivative]]s, where atoms other than carbon or hydrogen are present.<ref name="hyper1"></ref> For example in an '''alkyl halide''', a hydrogen from an alkane is replaced by a [[halogen]] atom such as chlorine or bromine.

			Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are the main constituents of [[fossil fuel]]s, and release [[energy]] through [[Hydrocarbon combustion \| combustion]]. Besides their [[fuel]] applications, hydrocarbons are also used in chemical synthesis and are major components of lubricating oils, greases, solvents, fuels, wax, asphalts, cosmetics, and plastics.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> These non-fuel applications of hydrocarbons can be of great importance to society and the economy.

	Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are the main constituents of [[fossil fuel]]s and release [[energy]] when burning with [[oxygen]]. For a more complete description of this process, see the [[Hydrocarbon combustion]] page.		==Sources==

	~~In addition to~~ [[~~fuel~~]]s, ~~hydrocarbons are used in many other applications~~. ~~Certain hydrocarbons can be found in lubricating oils~~, ~~greases~~, ~~solvents, fuels, wax, asphalts, cosmetics, and plastics.~~<ref ~~name=~~"~~challenge~~">R.D. ~~Botts, D~~.M. ~~Carson,~~ and D.~~Coglon~~. "~~Petroleum in our live~~" ~~in ''Our petroleum challenge''~~, ~~8th ed~~. ~~Calgary~~:~~Canadian Center~~ for ~~Energy Development~~, ~~2013, pp. 7~~-15.</ref> These hydrocarbons are also products of [[fractional distillation]]. Although hydrocarbons are primarily consumed in fuels, non-fuel applications of hydrocarbons are of great importance to society and the economy.		The main source for hydrocarbons is through [[fractional distillation]] of fossil fuels, especially [[petroleum]]. However, researchers are investigating alternate and renewable sources, such as converting used frying oil (usually plant-based) to biodiesel <ref>"Used and Waste Oil and Grease for Biodiesel", J. Van Gerpen, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://farm-energy.extension.org/used-and-waste-oil-and-grease-for-biodiesel/. [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019]. </ref>, or reclaiming waste oils from industrial processes <ref>"Forging New Sources for Biofuels and Hydrocarbon-Based Products", albertainnovates.ca, 2018. [Online] Available: https://albertainnovates.ca/project/forging-new-sources-for-biofuels-and-hydrocarbon-based-products/, [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019]. </ref>

	To learn more about Hydrocarbons, check out the [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons UC Davis Chem Wiki].		To learn more about Hydrocarbons, check out the [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons UC Davis Chem Wiki].

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-06-25T14:30:29Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:30, 25 June 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 00:41, 9 June 2018

2018-06-09T00:41:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:41, 9 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~[[category:Check images]]~~[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-03-06]]		[[Category:Done 2018-06-15]]
	<onlyinclude>The term '''hydrocarbon''' refers to the most basic type of [[organic molecule]]s. They are comprised of only 2 elements: [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]], hence the name hydrocarbons.<ref name="hyper1">C. Nave. "Hydrocarbons." Internet: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/hydrocarbon.html, [October 25, 2013].</ref> In general, hydrocarbon ~~molecules~~ are structured with one or more carbon ~~atoms~~ forming a central structure that is surrounded by hydrogen atoms</onlyinclude>. There are four main types of hydrocarbons: [[Alkane]]s, [[Alkene]]s, [[Alkyne]]s, and [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>~~http~~://~~chemwiki~~.~~ucdavis~~.~~edu~~/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons</ref>		<onlyinclude>The term '''hydrocarbon''' refers to the most basic type of [[organic molecule]]s. They are comprised of only 2 elements: [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]], hence the name hydrocarbons.<ref name="hyper1">C. Nave. "Hydrocarbons." Internet: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/hydrocarbon.html, [October 25, 2013].</ref> In general, hydrocarbon [[molecule]]s are structured with one or more carbon [[atom]]s forming a central structure that is surrounded by hydrogen atoms</onlyinclude>. There are four main types of hydrocarbons: [[Alkane]]s, [[Alkene]]s, [[Alkyne]]s, and [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>"Hydrocarbons - Chemistry LibreTexts", Chem.libretexts.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons. [Accessed: 07- Jun- 2018].</ref>

	The simplest hydrocarbons are called [[alkane]]s. Alkanes are characterized by a simple carbon chain where every carbon atom is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 carbon atoms, except the carbons at the end of the chain which as bonded to a third hydrogen, instead of a second carbon. ~~A visual depiction~~ of ~~how~~ alkanes ~~are structured can be~~ seen in figure 1. Hydrocarbon geometry can become very complex as molecules get larger and potentially contain branches and cyclic “loops” of carbon atoms.		The simplest hydrocarbons are called [[alkane]]s. Alkanes are characterized by a simple carbon chain where every carbon atom is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 carbon atoms, except the carbons at the end of the chain which are bonded to a third hydrogen, instead of a second carbon. An example of alkanes is seen in figure 1, which shows that all alkanes are '''made up of single bonds.''' Hydrocarbon geometry can become very complex as molecules get larger and potentially contain branches and cyclic “loops” of carbon atoms.

	[[File:Alkanes.jpg\|450px\|thumbnail\|right\|Figure 1 The smallest hydrocarbons.<ref name="image">D. Darling. "Alkanes." Internet: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/alkane.html, [October 26, 2013]</ref>]]		[[File:Alkanes.jpg\|450px\|thumbnail\|right\|Figure 1 The smallest hydrocarbons.<ref name="image">D. Darling. "Alkanes." Internet: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/alkane.html, [October 26, 2013]</ref>]]

	Sometimes, elements other than hydrogen and carbon can replace a hydrogen or carbon in a hydrocarbon molecule. For example, a hydrogen may be replaced with a bromine or hydroxide ion. There ~~are~~ vast ~~numbers~~ of possible impure hydrocarbons that contain one or more different elements. In general, a hydrocarbon that contains elements other than hydrogen and carbon is not a true hydrocarbon and is called a [[hydrocarbon derivative]].<ref name="hyper1" />		Sometimes, elements other than hydrogen and carbon can replace a hydrogen or carbon in a hydrocarbon molecule. For example, a hydrogen may be replaced with a bromine or hydroxide [[ion]]. There is a vast number of possible impure hydrocarbons that contain one or more different elements. In general, a hydrocarbon that contains elements other than hydrogen and carbon is not a true hydrocarbon and is called a [[hydrocarbon derivative]].<ref name="hyper1" />

	Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are the main constituents of [[fossil fuel]]s and release [[energy]] when burning with [[oxygen]]. For a more complete description of this process, see the [[Hydrocarbon combustion]] page.		Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are the main constituents of [[fossil fuel]]s and release [[energy]] when burning with [[oxygen]]. For a more complete description of this process, see the [[Hydrocarbon combustion]] page.

	In addition to [[fuel]]s, hydrocarbons are used in many other applications. Certain hydrocarbons can be found in lubricating oils, greases, solvents, fuels, wax, asphalts, cosmetics, and plastics.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> These hydrocarbons are also products of [[fractional distillation]]. Although hydrocarbons are primarily consumed in fuels, non-fuel applications of hydrocarbons are of great importance to society and the economy.		In addition to [[fuel]]s, hydrocarbons are used in many other applications. Certain hydrocarbons can be found in lubricating oils, greases, solvents, fuels, wax, asphalts, cosmetics, and plastics.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> These hydrocarbons are also products of [[fractional distillation]]. Although hydrocarbons are primarily consumed in fuels, non-fuel applications of hydrocarbons are of great importance to society and the economy.

	~~To learn more about specific types of hydrocarbons, type them into the search bar, or click on the following links: [[Methane]], [[Ethane]], [[Propane]], [[Butane]], [[Octane]], [[Decane]].~~

	To learn more about Hydrocarbons, check out the [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons UC Davis Chem Wiki].		To learn more about Hydrocarbons, check out the [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons UC Davis Chem Wiki].
			==For Further reading==
			Check out the specific types of hydrocarbons:
			*[[Methane]]
			*[[Ethane]]
			*[[Propane]]
			*[[Butane]]
			*[[Octane]]
			*[[Decane]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />
	~~[[Category:Uploaded]]~~

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:10Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

J.williams at 16:54, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:54:45Z

New page

[[category:Check images]][[Category:Done 2015-03-06]]
<onlyinclude>The term '''hydrocarbon''' refers to the most basic type of [[organic molecule]]s. They are comprised of only 2 elements: [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]], hence the name hydrocarbons.<ref name="hyper1">C. Nave. "Hydrocarbons." Internet: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/hydrocarbon.html, [October 25, 2013].</ref> In general, hydrocarbon molecules are structured with one or more carbon atoms forming a central structure that is surrounded by hydrogen atoms</onlyinclude>. There are four main types of hydrocarbons: [[Alkane]]s, [[Alkene]]s, [[Alkyne]]s, and [[Aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons</ref>

The simplest hydrocarbons are called [[alkane]]s. Alkanes are characterized by a simple carbon chain where every carbon atom is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 carbon atoms, except the carbons at the end of the chain which as bonded to a third hydrogen, instead of a second carbon. A visual depiction of how alkanes are structured can be seen in figure 1. Hydrocarbon geometry can become very complex as molecules get larger and potentially contain branches and cyclic “loops” of carbon atoms.

[[File:Alkanes.jpg|450px|thumbnail|right|Figure 1 The smallest hydrocarbons.<ref name="image">D. Darling. "Alkanes." Internet: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/alkane.html, [October 26, 2013]</ref>]]

Sometimes, elements other than hydrogen and carbon can replace a hydrogen or carbon in a hydrocarbon molecule. For example, a hydrogen may be replaced with a bromine or hydroxide ion. There are vast numbers of possible impure hydrocarbons that contain one or more different elements. In general, a hydrocarbon that contains elements other than hydrogen and carbon is not a true hydrocarbon and is called a [[hydrocarbon derivative]].<ref name="hyper1" />

Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are the main constituents of [[fossil fuel]]s and release [[energy]] when burning with [[oxygen]]. For a more complete description of this process, see the [[Hydrocarbon combustion]] page.

In addition to [[fuel]]s, hydrocarbons are used in many other applications. Certain hydrocarbons can be found in lubricating oils, greases, solvents, fuels, wax, asphalts, cosmetics, and plastics.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> These hydrocarbons are also products of [[fractional distillation]]. Although hydrocarbons are primarily consumed in fuels, non-fuel applications of hydrocarbons are of great importance to society and the economy.

To learn more about specific types of hydrocarbons, type them into the search bar, or click on the following links: [[Methane]], [[Ethane]], [[Propane]], [[Butane]], [[Octane]], [[Decane]].

To learn more about Hydrocarbons, check out the [http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons UC Davis Chem Wiki].

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Uploaded]]