Hydrocarbon combustion - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:02:41Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:02, 27 September 2021
(No difference)

energy>Luisa at 10:21, 20 August 2021

2021-08-20T10:21:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:21, 20 August 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Combustión de hidrocarburos]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the chemical reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.		<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the chemical reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-01-31T05:10:10Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 05:10, 31 January 2020
(No difference)

Energy>Jmdonev at 23:41, 29 January 2020

2020-01-29T23:41:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:41, 29 January 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done ~~2018~~-06-15]]		[[Category:Done 2020-01-31]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the ~~type of~~ reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.		<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the chemical reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.

	[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg\|800px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Methane combining with 2 oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]		[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg\|800px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Methane combining with 2 oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]
Line 26:		Line 26:
	!Fuel\|\| [[kilogram\|kg]] of CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]]		!Fuel\|\| [[kilogram\|kg]] of CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Coal\|Anthracite Coal]] \|\| 104		\| [[Coal\|Anthracite Coal]] \|\| 104
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Coal\|Bituminous Coal]] \|\| 93.5		\| [[Coal\|Bituminous Coal]] \|\| 93.5
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Coal\|Lignite Coal]] \|\| 97.9		\| [[Coal\|Lignite Coal]] \|\| 97.9
Line 59:		Line 59:

	== References ==		== References ==
	~~<references />~~		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-06-25T14:30:37Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:30, 25 June 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 20:22, 24 June 2018

2018-06-24T20:22:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 24 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done 2018-06-01]]		[[Category:Done 2018-06-15]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the type of reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.		<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the type of reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.

Line 45:		Line 45:
	== Combustion Animation ==		== Combustion Animation ==
	Choose a fuel from the drop down menu to see the net reaction that occurs during combustion.		Choose a fuel from the drop down menu to see the net reaction that occurs during combustion.
	<html><iframe src='~~http~~://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_reduced.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src='https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_reduced.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>

	== For Further Reading ==		== For Further Reading ==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

2018-06-04T16:52:23Z

1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:52, 4 June 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 17:39, 1 June 2018

2018-06-01T17:39:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 1 June 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done 2018-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2018-06-01]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the type of reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.		<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the type of reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.

	[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg\|800px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Methane combining with 2 oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]		[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg\|800px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Methane combining with 2 oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]
	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Regardless of the type of hydrocarbon, combustion with oxygen produces 3 products: carbon dioxide, water and heat, as shown in the general reaction below. The energy required to break the bonds in the hydrocarbon molecules is substantially less than the energy released in the formation of the bonds in the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O molecules. For this reason, the process releases significant amounts of [[thermal energy]] (heat). This thermal energy can be used directly (perhaps to heat a home) or else it can be converted to mechanical energy, using a [[heat engine]], ~~although~~ this is subject to [[efficiency]] losses ~~governed by the [[second law of thermodynamics]]. If the thermal energy is converted into [[mechanical energy]]~~, as in ~~an automobile engine, there will necessarily be~~ significant [[energy loss]]es (as [[waste heat]]) in the ~~conversion process~~. The resulting useful mechanical energy will be a lot less than the initial thermal energy provided by the hydrocarbon combustion.		Regardless of the type of hydrocarbon, combustion with oxygen produces 3 products: carbon dioxide, water and heat, as shown in the general reaction below. The energy required to break the bonds in the hydrocarbon molecules is substantially less than the energy released in the formation of the bonds in the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O molecules. For this reason, the process releases significant amounts of [[thermal energy]] (heat). This thermal energy can be used directly (perhaps to heat a home) or else it can be converted to mechanical energy, using a [[heat engine]]. However, this is subject to [[efficiency]] losses, resulting in necessary significant [[energy loss]]es (as [[waste heat]]) governed by the [[second law of thermodynamics]]. The resulting useful mechanical energy will be a lot less than the initial thermal energy provided by the hydrocarbon combustion.

	=== General Reaction Equation: ===		=== General Reaction Equation: ===
Line 18:		Line 18:
	Not all [[fossil fuel\|fossil fuels]] have the same composition. [[Natural gas]] is composed of over 90% [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>) which is the smallest hydrocarbon molecule. [[Oil]] tends to be composed of medium sized molecules, although composition varies greatly from one grade of [[Oil#Crude oil\|crude]] to the next. In general, the denser the oil, the longer the carbon chains in the molecules. Finally [[coal]] contains the largest and most complex hydrocarbon molecules.<ref name="challenge" />		Not all [[fossil fuel\|fossil fuels]] have the same composition. [[Natural gas]] is composed of over 90% [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>) which is the smallest hydrocarbon molecule. [[Oil]] tends to be composed of medium sized molecules, although composition varies greatly from one grade of [[Oil#Crude oil\|crude]] to the next. In general, the denser the oil, the longer the carbon chains in the molecules. Finally [[coal]] contains the largest and most complex hydrocarbon molecules.<ref name="challenge" />

	Since different hydrocarbons have different ratios of hydrogen to carbon, they ~~therefore~~ produce different ratios of water to carbon dioxide. In general, the longer and more complex the molecule, the greater the ratio of carbon to hydrogen. For this reason, combustion of equal amounts of different hydrocarbons will yield different quantities of carbon dioxide, depending on the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in molecules of each. Since coal contains the longest and most complex hydrocarbon molecules, burning coal releases more CO<sub>2</sub> than burning the same mass of oil or natural gas. This also changes the [[energy density]] of each of these fuels.		Since different hydrocarbons have different ratios of hydrogen to carbon, they produce different ratios of water to carbon dioxide. In general, the longer and more complex the molecule, the greater the ratio of carbon to hydrogen. For this reason, combustion of equal amounts of different hydrocarbons will yield different quantities of carbon dioxide, depending on the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in molecules of each. Since coal contains the longest and most complex hydrocarbon molecules, burning coal releases more CO<sub>2</sub> than burning the same mass of oil or natural gas. This also changes the [[energy density]] of each of these fuels.

	==Carbon dioxide emissions==		==Carbon dioxide emissions==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-11T18:17:09Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:17, 11 May 2018
(No difference)

Jmdonev: /* For further reading */

2018-05-09T22:54:28Z

For further reading

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 9 May 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-06]]		[[Category:Done 2018-04-30]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the type of reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.		<onlyinclude>'''Hydrocarbon combustion''' refers to the type of reaction where a [[hydrocarbon]] reacts with [[oxygen]] to create [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[heat]]. Hydrocarbons are molecules consisting of both [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]].</onlyinclude> They are most famous for being the primary constituent of [[fossil fuel]]s, namely [[natural gas]], [[petroleum]], and [[coal]]. For this reason, [[fossil fuel resource]]s are often referred to as [[hydrocarbon resource]]s.<ref name="challenge">R.D. Botts, D.M. Carson, and D.Coglon. "Petroleum in our live" in ''Our petroleum challenge'', 8th ed. Calgary:Canadian Center for Energy Development, 2013, pp. 7-15.</ref> [[Energy]] is obtained from fossil fuels through combustion (burning) of the [[fuel]]. Although impurities exist in fossil fuels, hydrocarbon combustion is the primary process in the burning of fossil fuel. An example of hydrocarbon combustion is illustrated in Figure 1. See simulation at the bottom of the page for more examples.

	[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg\|800px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Methane combining with 2 oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]		[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg\|800px\|thumbnail\|center\|Figure 1. Methane combining with 2 oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Regardless of the type of hydrocarbon, combustion with oxygen produces 3 products: carbon dioxide, water and heat, as shown in the general reaction below. The energy required to break the bonds in the hydrocarbon molecules is substantially less than the energy released in the formation of the bonds in the <~~chem~~>~~co2~~</~~chem~~> and H<sub>2</sub>O molecules. For this reason, the process releases significant amounts of [[thermal energy]] (heat). This thermal energy can be used directly (perhaps to heat a home) or else it can be converted to mechanical energy, using a [[heat engine]], although this is subject to [[efficiency]] losses governed by the [[second law of thermodynamics]]. If the thermal energy is converted into [[mechanical energy]], as in an automobile engine, there will necessarily be significant [[energy loss]]es (as [[waste heat]]) in the conversion process. The resulting useful mechanical energy will be a lot less than the initial thermal energy provided by the hydrocarbon combustion.		Regardless of the type of hydrocarbon, combustion with oxygen produces 3 products: carbon dioxide, water and heat, as shown in the general reaction below. The energy required to break the bonds in the hydrocarbon molecules is substantially less than the energy released in the formation of the bonds in the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O molecules. For this reason, the process releases significant amounts of [[thermal energy]] (heat). This thermal energy can be used directly (perhaps to heat a home) or else it can be converted to mechanical energy, using a [[heat engine]], although this is subject to [[efficiency]] losses governed by the [[second law of thermodynamics]]. If the thermal energy is converted into [[mechanical energy]], as in an automobile engine, there will necessarily be significant [[energy loss]]es (as [[waste heat]]) in the conversion process. The resulting useful mechanical energy will be a lot less than the initial thermal energy provided by the hydrocarbon combustion.

	=== General Reaction Equation: ===		=== General Reaction Equation: ===
	C<~~sub~~>~~x</sub>H<sub>y~~<~~/sub~~> + N(~~O<sub>2</sub>~~)~~<m>~~\leftrightarrow~~</m> ''~~x''(~~CO<sub>2</sub>~~) + ~~0.5''~~y~~''+~~(H<~~sub~~>2</~~sub~~>O)		<center><math>C_xH_y + N(O_2)\leftrightarrow x(CO_2) + \frac{y}{2} (H_2O)</math></center>
	*''x'' refers to the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon		*<math>x</math> refers to the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon
	*''y'' refers to the number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon		*<math>y</math> refers to the number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon
	*''N'' refers to the number of oxygen atoms required in the hydrocarbon combustion reaction		*<math>N</math> refers to the number of oxygen atoms required in the hydrocarbon combustion reaction

	== Hydrocarbon Combustion and Fossil Fuels ==		== Hydrocarbon Combustion and Fossil Fuels ==
Line 25:		Line 24:
	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	\|-		\|-
	! [[kg of CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]]		!Fuel\|\| [[kilogram\|kg]] of CO<sub>2</sub> [[emissions]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Coal\|Anthracite Coal]] \|\| 104		\| [[Coal\|Anthracite Coal]] \|\| 104
Line 48:		Line 47:
	<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_reduced.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src='http://energyeducation.ca/simulations/combustion/combustion_reduced.html' width='900px' height='330px' style='border:none;position:relative;left:-35px'></iframe></html>

	== For ~~further reading~~ ==		== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:

	*[[Fossil fuel]]		*[[Fossil fuel]]
	*[[Primary energy]]		*[[Primary energy]]