Hydroelectric facility - Revision history

Jmdonev: /* For Further Reading */

2023-09-20T21:24:08Z

For Further Reading

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 20 September 2023
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	* [[Hydroelectricity]]		* [[Hydroelectricity]]
	* [[Hydrologic cycle]]		* [[Hydrologic cycle]]
	* [[Environmental impacts of hydropower]]
	* [[Dam failures]]		* [[Dam failures]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-10-15T19:13:40Z

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energy>Jmdonev at 23:32, 27 May 2021

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	<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.		<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.

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	===Penstock===		===Penstock===
	:: [[penstock\|''main article'']]		:: [[penstock\|''main article'']]
	[[Penstock]]s are pipes or long channels that carry water down from the hydroelectric reservoir to the turbines inside the actual power station.<ref>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> Generally, they are made of [[steel]] and water under high [[pressure]] flows through the penstock. They are a vital component of a hydroelectric facility that allows water to move to the turbine. Grates or filters can be attached to the ends of penstocks to trap large debris such as branches. This ensures that debris cannot enter the channel and block it.<ref>WiseGeek. (September 3, 2015). What is a Penstock? [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-penstock.htm</ref> The amount of water that is allowed to flow through the penstock can be controlled with a sluice, which is simply a gate that can be raised and lowered to increase or decrease the amount of water allowed to flow through.		[[Penstock]]s are pipes or long channels that carry water down from the hydroelectric reservoir to the turbines inside the actual power station.<ref>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> Generally, they are made of [[steel]] and water under high [[pressure]] flows through the penstock. They are a vital component of a hydroelectric facility that allows water to move to the turbine. Grates or filters can be attached to the ends of penstocks to trap large debris such as branches. This ensures that debris cannot enter the channel and block it.<ref>WiseGeek. (September 3, 2015). What is a Penstock? [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-penstock.htm</ref> The amount of water that is allowed to flow through the penstock can be controlled with a [[sluice]], which is simply a gate that can be raised and lowered to increase or decrease the amount of water allowed to flow through.
	===Turbines===		===Turbines===
	:: [[hydro turbine\|''main article'']]		:: [[hydro turbine\|''main article'']]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

2018-06-04T16:52:38Z

1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

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Jmdonev at 16:39, 4 June 2018

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	<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.		<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-18T22:53:06Z

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Jmdonev at 19:51, 11 May 2018

2018-05-11T19:51:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 11 May 2018
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	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
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	<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.		<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.

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	There are both conventional and unconventional hydroelectric facilities. Conventional hydroelectric facilities - the most common type - rely on a [[hydraulic head\|head]] difference created by man-made [[hydroelectric dam\|dams]] and obstructions. Two types of systems that are considered conventional are hydroelectric dams and [[tidal dam]]. Unconventional generation techniques generally rely on [[~~flow rate~~]] or on a small head differential. Some examples of unconventional hydropower facilities are [[low head hydro]], [[run-of-the-river systems]], [[Instream microhydro power generator\|instream hydro]], and [[kinetic tidal]].		There are both conventional and unconventional hydroelectric facilities. Conventional hydroelectric facilities - the most common type - rely on a [[hydraulic head\|head]] difference created by man-made [[hydroelectric dam\|dams]] and obstructions. Two types of systems that are considered conventional are hydroelectric dams and [[tidal dam]]. Unconventional generation techniques generally rely on [[hydroelectric discharge]] or on a small head differential. Some examples of unconventional hydropower facilities are [[low head hydro]], [[run-of-the-river systems]], [[Instream microhydro power generator\|instream hydro]], and [[kinetic tidal]].

	Each type of hydroelectric generation method has an associated output classification based on its capacity. They are outlined in the table to the left.<ref>IPCC. (September 3, 2015). ''Chapter 5 - Hydropower'' [Online]. Available: www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/drafts/SRREN-FOD-Ch05.pdf</ref>		Each type of hydroelectric generation method has an associated output classification based on its capacity. They are outlined in the table to the left.<ref>IPCC. (September 3, 2015). ''Chapter 5 - Hydropower'' [Online]. Available: www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srren/drafts/SRREN-FOD-Ch05.pdf</ref>
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	The energy of moving water is purely [[mechanical energy]], one of the highest-quality forms of energy. So in theory, since it is such a high-quality energy it can be converted to electrical energy with near 100% efficiency as there is no [[thermal energy]] involved (and thus the [[second law of thermodynamics]] doesn't have to be taken into account). However, there are still minor losses associated with [[friction]] and inefficiencies in the transportation of electricity (as a result of factors such as [[resistance]] in [[wire]]s). Overall, this means hydropower can be converted to electricity with efficiencies higher than 90%.<ref name=wolfson/>		The energy of moving water is purely [[mechanical energy]], one of the highest-quality forms of energy. So in theory, since it is such a high-quality energy it can be converted to electrical energy with near 100% efficiency as there is no [[thermal energy]] involved (and thus the [[second law of thermodynamics]] doesn't have to be taken into account). However, there are still minor losses associated with [[friction]] and inefficiencies in the transportation of electricity (as a result of factors such as [[resistance]] in [[wire]]s). Overall, this means hydropower can be converted to electricity with efficiencies higher than 90%.<ref name=wolfson/>

	==Further Reading==		== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:
	* [[Hydropower]]		* [[Hydropower]]
	* [[Hydroelectricity]]		* [[Hydroelectricity]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2016-02-18T04:31:15Z

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Jmdonev at 03:28, 3 January 2016

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	[[category:371 topics]]		[[category:371 topics]]
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	<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.		<onlyinclude>A '''hydroelectric facility''' is a special type of [[power plant]] that uses the [[energy]] of falling or flowing [[water]] to [[electricity generation\|generate electricity]]. They do this by directing water over a series of [[hydro turbine\|turbines]] which convert the [[potential energy\|potential]] and [[kinetic energy]] of water into the rotational motion of the turbine.</onlyinclude> The turbine is then attached to a [[generator]] and the motion is used to generate electricity. [[Hydropower]] provides the world with around 16% of total electric [[power]] generation.<ref name=wolfson>R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012</ref> Some of the largest producers include China, Canada, and Brazil.<ref>Abhishek Shah. (September 3, 2015). ''List of World’s Largest Hydroelectricity Plants and Countries – China Leading in building Hydroelectric Stations'' [Online]. Available: http://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/03/29/list-of-worlds-largest-hydroelectricity-plants-and-countries-china-leading-in-building-hydroelectric-stations/</ref> See [[world electricity generation]] for specific details on how much electricity is generated by hydropower in different countries.

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	==Efficiency==		==Efficiency==
	The energy of moving water is purely [[mechanical energy]], one of the highest-quality forms of energy. So in theory, since it is such a high-quality energy it can be converted to electrical energy with near 100% efficiency ~~since~~ there is no [[thermal energy]] involved (and thus [[thermodynamics]] doesn't have to be taken into account). However, there are still minor losses associated with [[friction]] and inefficiencies in the transportation of electricity (as a result of factors such as [[resistance]] in [[wire]]s). Overall, this means hydropower can be converted to electricity with efficiencies higher than 90%.<ref name=wolfson/>		The energy of moving water is purely [[mechanical energy]], one of the highest-quality forms of energy. So in theory, since it is such a high-quality energy it can be converted to electrical energy with near 100% efficiency as there is no [[thermal energy]] involved (and thus the [[second law of thermodynamics]] doesn't have to be taken into account). However, there are still minor losses associated with [[friction]] and inefficiencies in the transportation of electricity (as a result of factors such as [[resistance]] in [[wire]]s). Overall, this means hydropower can be converted to electricity with efficiencies higher than 90%.<ref name=wolfson/>

	==Further Reading==		==Further Reading==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:50:51Z

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