In a barrel of oil - Revision history

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	[[Category:Done ~~2017~~-07-01]]		[[Category:Done 2026-08-01]]
	<onlyinclude>A single '''barrel of crude oil''' - once it has been refined - can yield a large number of ~~different,~~ useful '''petroleum products'''. The ability to obtain products like [[gasoline]], [[asphalt]], and [[propane]] from a single ~~product~~ is part of what makes refining such a vital process.</onlyinclude> The refining process separates these different [[hydrocarbon]]s in a number of ~~different~~ ways, one major way being separation by [[boiling point]] in a [[fractional distillation]] tower.		<onlyinclude>A single '''barrel of crude oil,''' once it has been refined, can yield a large number of useful '''petroleum products'''. The ability to obtain products like [[gasoline]], [[asphalt]], and [[propane]] from a single raw material is part of what makes refining such a vital process.</onlyinclude> The refining process separates these different [[hydrocarbon]]s in a number of ways, one major way being separation by [[boiling point]] in a [[fractional distillation]] tower.

	==Products of the Refining Process==		==Products of the Refining Process==
	When crude oil is ~~input into~~ a ~~fractional distillation tower~~, there is an overall increase in [[volume]] of ~~product~~. If a single barrel of [[crude oil]] - equal to about 159 [[liter]]s - were [[oil refinery#Refining Steps\|refined]], the volume of the final products is actually ''greater'' than the volume of the initial crude oil. In fact, 170 liters of refined [[petroleum]] products can be obtained from 159 liters of crude oil. There is an increase in volume through the refining process as a result of an effect known as '''processing gain'''. Processing gain simply refers to the volume ~~by which output increases~~ compared to input that occurs ~~as a result of processed~~ petroleum products ~~having~~ a lower [[specific gravity]] than the initial crude oil.<ref>EIA. (January 9, 2016). ''Glossary of Terms'' [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_pnp_refp2_tbldef2.asp</ref> This results in the final products "taking up more space" than the initial crude oil.		When crude oil is processed in a refinery, there is an overall increase in the [[volume]] of products. If a single barrel of [[crude oil]], equal to about 159 [[liter]]s, were [[oil refinery#Refining Steps\|refined]], the volume of the final products is actually ''greater'' than the volume of the initial crude oil. In fact, about 170 liters of refined [[petroleum]] products can be obtained from 159 liters of crude oil. There is an increase in volume through the refining process as a result of an effect known as '''processing gain'''. Processing gain simply refers to the increase in volume compared to the input that occurs because refined petroleum products have a lower [[specific gravity]] than the initial crude oil.<ref>EIA. (January 9, 2016). ''Glossary of Terms'' [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_pnp_refp2_tbldef2.asp</ref> This results in the final products "taking up more space" than the initial crude oil.

	[[File:oilbarrel.png\|780px\|center\|thumb\|Figure 1. A pie chart showing the percentage of the final 170 liters of petroleum products obtained from 159 liters of crude oil.<ref>API. (January 9, 2016). ''Oil Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://lubinlib.typepad.com/index/files/petrochems.pdf</ref><ref>''Figure created internally by a member of the Energy Education team''</ref>]]		[[File:oilbarrel.png\|780px\|center\|thumb\|Figure 1. A pie chart showing the percentage of the final 170 liters of petroleum products obtained from 159 liters of crude oil.<ref>API. (January 9, 2016). ''Oil Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://lubinlib.typepad.com/index/files/petrochems.pdf</ref><ref>''Figure created internally by a member of the Energy Education team''</ref>]]

	Each product obtained from the refining process is collected in different amounts. In Figure 1, the percentage of the final 170 ~~liter volume~~ that each product makes up is shown in a pie chart. From the image, it is apparent that vehicle fuels make up a large portion of the final product. In ~~liters~~, gasoline makes up about 73 liters of the final 170, [[diesel]] and heating oil make up about 40 ~~liters~~, while [[kerosene]]-type [[jet fuel]]s make up about 15.5 ~~liters~~. Despite the fact that these numbers are comparatively large, it does not mean that the other products are not useful. For example, [[petrochemical]] feedstocks make up only 4.2 ~~liters~~ of the final 170, ~~however~~ they are used to make a variety of ~~different~~ products from pharmaceuticals to plastics.<ref>GasBuddy (Data from EIA). (January 7, 2016). ''What does one barrel of crude oil make?'' [Online]. Available: https://blog.gasbuddy.com/Crude_Products.aspx</ref> More information about the vast number of products that can be created with petrochemical feedstocks can be found [[petrochemical\|here]].		Each product obtained from the refining process is collected in different amounts. In Figure 1, the percentage of the final 170 litres that each product makes up is shown in a pie chart. From the image, it is apparent that vehicle fuels make up a large portion of the final product. In litres, gasoline makes up about 73 liters of the final 170 litres, [[diesel]] and heating oil make up about 40 litres, while [[kerosene]]-type [[jet fuel]]s make up about 15.5 litres. Despite the fact that these numbers are comparatively large, it does not mean that the other products are not useful. For example, [[petrochemical]] feedstocks make up only 4.2 litres of the final 170 litres; however, they are used to make a variety of products, from pharmaceuticals to plastics.<ref>GasBuddy (Data from EIA). (January 7, 2016). ''What does one barrel of crude oil make?'' [Online]. Available: https://blog.gasbuddy.com/Crude_Products.aspx</ref> More information about the vast number of products that can be created with petrochemical feedstocks can be found [[petrochemical\|here]].

	Other products, including still gas, petroleum [[coke]], heavy fuel oil, asphalt, [[lubricating oil\|lubricants]], aviation gasoline, [[naphtha]]s, and waxes make up a fairly small amount of the final product but are widely useful in a number of different applications.		Other products, including still gas, petroleum [[coke]], heavy fuel oil, asphalt, [[lubricating oil\|lubricants]], aviation gasoline, [[naphtha]]s, and waxes, make up a fairly small amount of the final product but are widely useful in a number of different applications.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:47:38Z

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Jmdonev at 07:18, 27 August 2017

2017-08-27T07:18:33Z

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[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
<onlyinclude>A single '''barrel of crude oil''' - once it has been refined - can yield a large number of different, useful '''petroleum products'''. The ability to obtain products like [[gasoline]], [[asphalt]], and [[propane]] from a single product is part of what makes refining such a vital process.</onlyinclude> The refining process separates these different [[hydrocarbon]]s in a number of different ways, one major way being separation by [[boiling point]] in a [[fractional distillation]] tower.

==Products of the Refining Process==
When crude oil is input into a fractional distillation tower, there is an overall increase in [[volume]] of product. If a single barrel of [[crude oil]] - equal to about 159 [[liter]]s - were [[oil refinery#Refining Steps|refined]], the volume of the final products is actually ''greater'' than the volume of the initial crude oil. In fact, 170 liters of refined [[petroleum]] products can be obtained from 159 liters of crude oil. There is an increase in volume through the refining process as a result of an effect known as '''processing gain'''. Processing gain simply refers to the volume by which output increases compared to input that occurs as a result of processed petroleum products having a lower [[specific gravity]] than the initial crude oil.<ref>EIA. (January 9, 2016). ''Glossary of Terms'' [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/TblDefs/pet_pnp_refp2_tbldef2.asp</ref> This results in the final products "taking up more space" than the initial crude oil.

[[File:oilbarrel.png|780px|center|thumb|Figure 1. A pie chart showing the percentage of the final 170 liters of petroleum products obtained from 159 liters of crude oil.<ref>API. (January 9, 2016). ''Oil Facts'' [Online]. Available: http://lubinlib.typepad.com/index/files/petrochems.pdf</ref><ref>''Figure created internally by a member of the Energy Education team''</ref>]]

Each product obtained from the refining process is collected in different amounts. In Figure 1, the percentage of the final 170 liter volume that each product makes up is shown in a pie chart. From the image, it is apparent that vehicle fuels make up a large portion of the final product. In liters, gasoline makes up about 73 liters of the final 170, [[diesel]] and heating oil make up about 40 liters, while [[kerosene]]-type [[jet fuel]]s make up about 15.5 liters. Despite the fact that these numbers are comparatively large, it does not mean that the other products are not useful. For example, [[petrochemical]] feedstocks make up only 4.2 liters of the final 170, however they are used to make a variety of different products from pharmaceuticals to plastics.<ref>GasBuddy (Data from EIA). (January 7, 2016). ''What does one barrel of crude oil make?'' [Online]. Available: https://blog.gasbuddy.com/Crude_Products.aspx</ref> More information about the vast number of products that can be created with petrochemical feedstocks can be found [[petrochemical|here]].

Other products, including still gas, petroleum [[coke]], heavy fuel oil, asphalt, [[lubricating oil|lubricants]], aviation gasoline, [[naphtha]]s, and waxes make up a fairly small amount of the final product but are widely useful in a number of different applications.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]