Isotope - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-12-20T19:47:13Z

1 revision imported

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energy>Jmdonev at 23:41, 18 October 2021

2021-10-18T23:41:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:41, 18 October 2021
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			[[Category:Done 2021-10-29]]
	[[category:Phets]]		[[category:Phets]]
	~~[[Category: Luisa edit]]~~
	[[Category:Translated to French]]		[[Category:Translated to French]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
	[[fr:Isotope]]		[[fr:Isotope]]
	[[es:Isótopo]]		[[es:Isótopo]]
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	==Phet: Build a Nucleus==		==Phet: Build a Nucleus==
	The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus changes the isotope.		The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus, while keeping the number of protons the same, changes the isotope.

	<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>

Jmdonev at 17:26, 18 October 2021

2021-10-18T17:26:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 18 October 2021
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	[[Category:Translated to French]]		[[Category:Translated to French]]
	[[fr:Isotope]]		[[fr:Isotope]]
			[[es:Isótopo]]
	[[category:elements]]		[[category:elements]]
	[[File:Screenshot 2020-01-29 at 5.29.53 PM.png\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Nuclei of carbon's three most common isotopes. <ref>Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team</ref>]]<onlyinclude>The number of [[proton]]s in the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]] establishes how the atom will react chemically. In other words, the proton number determines the element. '''Isotopes''' of an element are [[atom]]s with the same number of protons, but a different number of [[neutron]]s. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes that atom's [[atomic mass]].<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03331.html accessed Dec. 10th, 2014</ref></onlyinclude>		[[File:Screenshot 2020-01-29 at 5.29.53 PM.png\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Nuclei of carbon's three most common isotopes. <ref>Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team</ref>]]<onlyinclude>The number of [[proton]]s in the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]] establishes how the atom will react chemically. In other words, the proton number determines the element. '''Isotopes''' of an element are [[atom]]s with the same number of protons, but a different number of [[neutron]]s. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes that atom's [[atomic mass]].<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03331.html accessed Dec. 10th, 2014</ref></onlyinclude>

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-10-18T16:14:42Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 22:06, 16 October 2021

2021-10-16T22:06:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:06, 16 October 2021
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	[[category:Phets]]		[[category:Phets]]
	[[Category: ~~Jason skim~~]]		[[Category: Luisa edit]]
	[[Category:Translated to French]]		[[Category:Translated to French]]
	[[fr:Isotope]]		[[fr:Isotope]]
	~~[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]~~
	~~[[es:Isótopo]]~~
	~~'''Luisa, Does this look like a good way to add your simulation? - Jason'''~~

	~~'''Jason, yes this looks good. - Luisa'''~~

	[[category:elements]]		[[category:elements]]
	[[File:Screenshot 2020-01-29 at 5.29.53 PM.png\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Nuclei of carbon's three most common isotopes. <ref>Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team</ref>]]<onlyinclude>The number of [[proton]]s in the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]] establishes how the atom will react chemically. In other words, the proton number determines the element. '''Isotopes''' of an element are [[atom]]s with the same number of protons, but a different number of [[neutron]]s. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes that atom's [[atomic mass]].<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03331.html accessed Dec. 10th, 2014</ref></onlyinclude>		[[File:Screenshot 2020-01-29 at 5.29.53 PM.png\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Nuclei of carbon's three most common isotopes. <ref>Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team</ref>]]<onlyinclude>The number of [[proton]]s in the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]] establishes how the atom will react chemically. In other words, the proton number determines the element. '''Isotopes''' of an element are [[atom]]s with the same number of protons, but a different number of [[neutron]]s. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes that atom's [[atomic mass]].<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03331.html accessed Dec. 10th, 2014</ref></onlyinclude>
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	==Phet: Build a Nucleus==		==Phet: Build a Nucleus==
	The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus~~, while keeping the number of protons the same,~~ changes the isotope.		The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus changes the isotope.

	<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>

energy>Luisa at 15:35, 16 October 2021

2021-10-16T15:35:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 16 October 2021
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	[[category:Phets]]		[[category:Phets]]
	[[Category: ~~Luisa edit~~]]		[[Category: Jason skim]]
	[[Category:Translated to French]]		[[Category:Translated to French]]
	[[fr:Isotope]]		[[fr:Isotope]]
			[[Category:Translated to Spanish]]
			[[es:Isótopo]]
	'''Luisa, Does this look like a good way to add your simulation? - Jason'''		'''Luisa, Does this look like a good way to add your simulation? - Jason'''

			'''Jason, yes this looks good. - Luisa'''

	[[category:elements]]		[[category:elements]]
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	==Phet: Build a Nucleus==		==Phet: Build a Nucleus==
	The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus changes the isotope.		The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus, while keeping the number of protons the same, changes the isotope.

	<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2021-09-27T00:02:59Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 00:02, 27 September 2021
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energy>Luisa at 04:19, 4 August 2021

2021-08-04T04:19:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:19, 4 August 2021
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	[[category:Phets]]		[[category:Phets]]
	[[Category:~~Done 2018-06-01~~]]		[[Category: Luisa edit]]
	[[~~category~~:~~elements~~]]		[[Category:Translated to French]]
	~~<onlyinclude>~~'''~~Isotopes~~''' are [[atom]]s of the same element that have different numbers of [[neutron]]s, resulting in a different [[atomic mass]].<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03331.html accessed Dec. 10th, 2014</ref></onlyinclude>		[[fr:Isotope]]
			'''Luisa, Does this look like a good way to add your simulation? - Jason'''

	All [[matter]] is made up of atoms in various arrangements. Atoms ~~are composed of~~ [[proton]]s, [[neutron]]s, and [[electron]]s. Each proton has a [[charge]] of +1, each electron a charge of -1, ~~and each neutron has~~ no charge (neutral charge--neutron). Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons, by definition, because elements are defined by how many protons they have. Having different numbers of neutrons in the [[nucleus]] will not affect the charge of the atom. Instead, different isotopes have different [[mass]] and have different tendencies to [[radioactive decay\|radioactively decay]]. Different isotopes ~~behave basically the same way chemically,~~ because chemistry is determined by the electric charge. ~~There are some slight changes in the chemistry of different~~ isotopes of [[hydrogen]], these isotopes ~~are~~ called [[protonium]] ~~(no neutrons, the~~ most common form), [[deuterium]] (one ~~neutron)~~ and [[tritium]] (~~two neutrons~~).		[[category:elements]]
			[[File:Screenshot 2020-01-29 at 5.29.53 PM.png\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Nuclei of carbon's three most common isotopes. <ref>Created internally by a member of the Energy Education team</ref>]]<onlyinclude>The number of [[proton]]s in the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]] establishes how the atom will react chemically. In other words, the proton number determines the element. '''Isotopes''' of an element are [[atom]]s with the same number of protons, but a different number of [[neutron]]s. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes that atom's [[atomic mass]].<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03331.html accessed Dec. 10th, 2014</ref></onlyinclude>
	~~An example to illustrate the point would~~ be ~~different isotopes of carbon~~. ~~Common~~ isotopes of [[~~carbon~~]] ~~include carbon-12, carbon-13,~~ and ~~carbon-14~~, ~~often written as <sup>12</sup>C, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>14</sup>C~~. ~~These types of atoms~~ have ~~6, 7~~, and ~~8 neutrons respectively. <sup>12</sup>C is~~ the most common carbon isotope in nature. <sup>14</sup>C is famously used in archaeological radioactive dating.<ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso006.html</ref> (See [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html hyperphysics] for more on carbon dating).
			All [[matter]] is made up of atoms in various arrangements. Atoms have [[proton]]s and [[neutron]]s in a dense nucleus at the centre, and [[electron]]s in [[orbital]]s around the nucleus. Each proton has a [[charge]] of +1, each electron a charge of -1, the neutrons have no charge (neutral charge--neutron). Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons, by definition, because ''elements are defined by how many protons they have''. Having different numbers of neutrons in the [[nucleus]] will not affect the charge of the atom. Instead, different isotopes have different [[mass]] and have different tendencies to [[radioactive decay\|radioactively decay]], or change over time.

			Different isotopes have very similar chemical properties because chemistry is determined by the electric charge. This makes chemically separating isotopes very difficult. As an example, [[hydrogen]] has only one proton. There are three isotopes of hydrogen found in nature. The most common of these isotopes has a proton and no neutrons and is called [[protonium]]. The next most common form, with one proton and one neutron, is called [[deuterium]]. The radioactive form of hydrogen which is found in nature has one proton and two neutrons and is called [[tritium]]. Note that all three of these forms of hydrogen have only one proton; that's what makes it hydrogen. There are some very slight chemical differences as a result of these differences. For example, the boiling point of water with deuterium (100.7°C) is slightly higher than the boiling point of water with just protonium (100°C). This slight difference is ''more'' pronounced in hydrogen than in heavier elements.

			Isotopes can be either '''stable''' or '''unstable'''. Unstable isotopes are the ones which undergo [[radioactive decay]] and in the process, change into other elements. Some unstable isotopes have very short [[half life\|half lives]] (less than a nanosecond), while others have extremely long ones (trillions of years). Stable isotopes do not decay over time and tend to be the most commonly found isotopes of any given element.

			An example to illustrate the point would be different isotopes of carbon. Common isotopes of [[carbon]] include carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14, often written as <sup>12</sup>C, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>14</sup>C. These types of atoms have 6, 7, and 8 neutrons respectively. <sup>12</sup>C is the most common carbon isotope in nature. <sup>14</sup>C is famously used in archaeological radioactive dating, using its [[half life]].<ref>http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso006.html</ref> (See [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html hyperphysics] for more on carbon dating).

	In most types of nuclear power production, a specific isotope of [[uranium]], <sup>235</sup>U, is used. This is the only naturally occurring [[fissile]] nucleus found on Earth (although people have made other fissile isotopes of [[plutonium]]). In nature, uranium exists as a mixture of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>235</sup>U, and <sup>234</sup>U. <sup>238</sup>U is by far the most prevalent.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/u-isotopes.htm</ref> The uranium used for [[nuclear power]] in most [[nuclear reactor]]s is processed to have a higher ratio of <sup>235</sup>U to the other isotopes than normally occurs in nature. This process is called [[Uranium enrichment\|"enriching”]] uranium<ref>http://www.nrc.gov/materials/fuel-cycle-fac/ur-enrichment.html</ref> and is a very difficult engineering challenge.		In most types of nuclear power production, a specific isotope of [[uranium]], <sup>235</sup>U, is used. This is the only naturally occurring [[fissile]] nucleus found on Earth (although people have made other fissile isotopes of [[plutonium]]). In nature, uranium exists as a mixture of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>235</sup>U, and <sup>234</sup>U. <sup>238</sup>U is by far the most prevalent.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/u-isotopes.htm</ref> The uranium used for [[nuclear power]] in most [[nuclear reactor]]s is processed to have a higher ratio of <sup>235</sup>U to the other isotopes than normally occurs in nature. This process is called [[Uranium enrichment\|"enriching”]] uranium<ref>http://www.nrc.gov/materials/fuel-cycle-fac/ur-enrichment.html</ref> and is a very difficult engineering challenge.

	==Phet ~~on building isotopes~~==		<html><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sJQVbB6SDiU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </html>
	The [~~http~~://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] ~~has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation~~. This simulation ~~explores~~ how ~~adding different numbers~~ of protons ~~and~~ neutrons ~~make different isotopes~~:
			==Phet: Build a Nucleus==
			The [[who we are\|Energy education team]] has adapted the following simulation from the [https://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado]. This simulation shows how neutrons and protons sit in energy levels and make up the nucleus. The number of neutrons and protons maintain particular ratios for the nucleus to be stable. Changing the number of neutrons in the nucleus changes the isotope.

			<html><iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/simulations/build-a-nucleus/build-a-nucleus_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>

	~~<html><iframe src~~=~~"https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html" width~~=~~"816" height~~=~~"459"></iframe></html>~~		==For Further Reading==
			To learn about the other nucleus, please see the following pages:
			*[[Isotopes for society]]
			*[[Weak nuclear force]]
			*[[Strong force]]
			*[[Isotone]]
			*[[Nuclear isomer]]
			*[[Isobar (nuclear)]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev at 19:33, 20 December 2018

2018-12-20T19:33:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 20 December 2018
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	The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how adding different numbers of protons and neutrons make different isotopes:		The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following Phet simulation. This simulation explores how adding different numbers of protons and neutrons make different isotopes:

	<html><iframe src="~~http~~://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html" width="816" height="459"></iframe></html>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

2018-06-04T16:52:33Z

1 revision imported: Doing upload, largely of old redirects.

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:52, 4 June 2018
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