Kaplan turbine - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

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energy>Jmdonev at 17:09, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T17:09:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 10 April 2020
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	[[Category: Done ~~2015~~-09-06]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[File:Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Kaplan turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Kaplan turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>A '''Kaplan turbine''' is a type of [[hydro turbine\|turbine]] used in [[hydroelectric facility\|hydroelectric plants]]. ~~They are a type~~ of ~~"propeller"~~ [[~~turbine]] that has an~~ axial flow~~, taking in [[water~~]] ~~parallel to its rotational axis~~.</onlyinclude> ~~Specifically,~~ Kaplan turbines ~~are a specific type of propeller turbine that allows for the angle of~~ the blades to change ~~with~~ demand to maintain maximum [[efficiency]] ~~at any time~~.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>		<onlyinclude>A '''Kaplan turbine''' is a type of propeller [[hydro turbine]] (specifically a [[reaction turbine]]) used in [[hydroelectric facility\|hydroelectric plants]]. Water flows both in and out of Kaplan turbines along its rotational axis ([[axial flow]]).</onlyinclude> What makes Kaplan turbines special is the blades can change their angle on demand to maintain maximum [[efficiency]] for different flow rates of water.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> Water flowing through a Kaplan turbine loses pressure, this means that a Kaplan turbine is a [[reaction turbine]] (similar to a [[Francis turbine]]).

	The area that water can enter these turbines is large, equal to the entire area that the blades occupy. ~~Because~~ of ~~this,~~ Kaplan turbines ~~are~~ most useful where large [[volume]]s of water [[flow rate\|flow]], and can be used even in dams with relatively low [[hydraulic head\|head]]. This is especially important as previous to the development of the Kaplan turbine, most turbines were only suitable for large heads of water. Viktor Kaplan designed this turbine off of the design of ship propellers, and because of that they work essentially in the opposite way as propellers.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/27426-hydraulic-turbines-kaplan-turbine/</ref>		The area that water can enter these turbines is large, equal to the entire area that the blades occupy. The large area of Kaplan turbines make them most useful where large [[volume]]s of water [[flow rate\|flow]], and can be used even in dams with relatively low [[hydraulic head\|head]]. This is especially important as previous to the development of the Kaplan turbine, most turbines were only suitable for large heads of water. Viktor Kaplan designed this turbine off of the design of ship propellers, and because of that they work essentially in the opposite way as propellers.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/27426-hydraulic-turbines-kaplan-turbine/</ref>

	==Design==		==Design==
	These turbines must be designed so that they allow large amounts of water to flow through them without damaging them. The way that Kaplan turbines are designed is slightly different from other turbines. This turbine is much simpler. There is a '''flow passage''' that introduces water in the radial direction, and specialized '''guide ~~vanes~~''' - stationary blades that direct the water abruptly so that it enters the turbine in the axial direction. The turbine itself is equipped with several rotor blades attached directly to the central shaft of the turbine.<ref name=boyle/> These blades are attached with movable joints so that the angle can be altered, ensuring that there is maximum efficiency for any given flow rate and water head.<ref name="RE1"/>		[[File:Water_turbine_with_generator.png\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 2. Note the water flows in and makes the turbine spin the [[generator]]. The generator then creates [[electricity]] for the [[grid]].<ref>By U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, This file was derived from: Water turbine (en).svg:, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18581340</ref>]]
			These turbines must be designed so that they allow large amounts of water to flow through them without damaging them. The way that Kaplan turbines are designed is slightly different from other turbines. This turbine is much simpler. There is a '''flow passage''' that introduces water in the radial direction, and specialized '''[[guide vane]]s''' - stationary blades that direct the water abruptly so that it enters the turbine in the axial direction. The turbine itself is equipped with several [[rotor]] blades attached directly to the central [[shaft]] of the turbine.<ref name=boyle/> These blades are attached with movable joints so that the angle can be altered, ensuring that there is maximum efficiency for any given flow rate and water head.<ref name="RE1"/>

	It is important to note that the blades of this turbine are not flat, instead they twist slightly because the outer part of the blade moves more quickly than the inner part.<ref name=boyle/>		It is important to note that the blades of this turbine are not flat, instead they twist slightly because the outer part of the blade moves more quickly than the inner part.<ref name=boyle/>
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	For more information on the operation of Kaplan turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/kaplan-turbine-hodroelectric-power-gneration.html here].		For more information on the operation of Kaplan turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/kaplan-turbine-hodroelectric-power-gneration.html here].

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Francis turbine]]
			*[[Pelton turbine]]
			*[[Turgo turbine]]
			*[[Hydroelectric facility]]
			*[[Hydroelectric dam]]
			*[[Primary energy]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]
	~~[[category: Ed edit]]~~

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:51:34Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 19:54, 17 September 2015

2015-09-17T19:54:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 17 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]		[[Category: Done 2015-09-06]]
	[[File:Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Kaplan turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Kaplan turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>A '''Kaplan turbine''' is a type of [[hydro turbine\|turbine]] used in [[hydroelectric facility\|hydroelectric plants]]. They are a type of "propeller" turbine that has an axial flow, taking in [[water]] parallel to its rotational axis.</onlyinclude> Specifically, Kaplan turbines are a specific type of propeller turbine that allows for the angle of the blades to change with demand to maintain maximum [[efficiency]] at any time.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>		<onlyinclude>A '''Kaplan turbine''' is a type of [[hydro turbine\|turbine]] used in [[hydroelectric facility\|hydroelectric plants]]. They are a type of "propeller" [[turbine]] that has an axial flow, taking in [[water]] parallel to its rotational axis.</onlyinclude> Specifically, Kaplan turbines are a specific type of propeller turbine that allows for the angle of the blades to change with demand to maintain maximum [[efficiency]] at any time.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>

	The area that water can enter these turbines is large, equal to the entire area that the blades occupy. Because of this, Kaplan turbines are most useful where large [[volume]]s of water [[flow rate\|flow]], and can be used even in dams with relatively low [[hydraulic head\|head]]. This is especially important as previous to the development of the Kaplan turbine, most turbines were only suitable for large heads of water. Viktor Kaplan designed this turbine off of the design of ship propellers, and because of that they work essentially in the opposite way as propellers.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/27426-hydraulic-turbines-kaplan-turbine/</ref>		The area that water can enter these turbines is large, equal to the entire area that the blades occupy. Because of this, Kaplan turbines are most useful where large [[volume]]s of water [[flow rate\|flow]], and can be used even in dams with relatively low [[hydraulic head\|head]]. This is especially important as previous to the development of the Kaplan turbine, most turbines were only suitable for large heads of water. Viktor Kaplan designed this turbine off of the design of ship propellers, and because of that they work essentially in the opposite way as propellers.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/27426-hydraulic-turbines-kaplan-turbine/</ref>
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	The way that water is moved through a Kaplan turbine is slightly different from other turbines. First, the water is directed towards the turbine radially, approaching from the side. This is done because the [[generator]] is usually located somewhere along the axis of the turbines rotation, so if the generator was located here it would get wet.<ref name=boyle/> Instead, guide vanes rapidly take the water through a ninety degree turn so that it hits the blades axially. As well as redirecting the water, these vanes are aligned to give the water an appropriate amount of "swirl".<ref name="RE1"/>		The way that water is moved through a Kaplan turbine is slightly different from other turbines. First, the water is directed towards the turbine radially, approaching from the side. This is done because the [[generator]] is usually located somewhere along the axis of the turbines rotation, so if the generator was located here it would get wet.<ref name=boyle/> Instead, guide vanes rapidly take the water through a ninety degree turn so that it hits the blades axially. As well as redirecting the water, these vanes are aligned to give the water an appropriate amount of "swirl".<ref name="RE1"/>

	The water then moves down over the blades of the propeller, turning it with the "swirl" of the water. This type of turbine is therefore known as a '''reaction''' turbine as the reaction force from the push of the water on the propeller forces the propeller to move. The water leaves the turbine axially.		The water then moves down over the blades of the propeller, turning it with the "swirl" of the water. This type of turbine is therefore known as a '''reaction''' turbine as the reaction [[force]] from the push of the water on the propeller forces the propeller to move. The water leaves the turbine axially.

	For more information on the operation of Kaplan turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/kaplan-turbine-hodroelectric-power-gneration.html here].		For more information on the operation of Kaplan turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/kaplan-turbine-hodroelectric-power-gneration.html here].

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]
			[[category: Ed edit]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:22:27Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 18:50, 28 August 2015

2015-08-28T18:50:29Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
[[File:Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg|360px|thumb|right|Figure 1. A Kaplan turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbine'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Kaplan-Turbine-2007.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>A '''Kaplan turbine''' is a type of [[hydro turbine|turbine]] used in [[hydroelectric facility|hydroelectric plants]]. They are a type of "propeller" turbine that has an axial flow, taking in [[water]] parallel to its rotational axis.</onlyinclude> Specifically, Kaplan turbines are a specific type of propeller turbine that allows for the angle of the blades to change with demand to maintain maximum [[efficiency]] at any time.<ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>

The area that water can enter these turbines is large, equal to the entire area that the blades occupy. Because of this, Kaplan turbines are most useful where large [[volume]]s of water [[flow rate|flow]], and can be used even in dams with relatively low [[hydraulic head|head]]. This is especially important as previous to the development of the Kaplan turbine, most turbines were only suitable for large heads of water. Viktor Kaplan designed this turbine off of the design of ship propellers, and because of that they work essentially in the opposite way as propellers.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 25, 2015). ''Kaplan Turbines'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/27426-hydraulic-turbines-kaplan-turbine/</ref>

==Design==
These turbines must be designed so that they allow large amounts of water to flow through them without damaging them. The way that Kaplan turbines are designed is slightly different from other turbines. This turbine is much simpler. There is a '''flow passage''' that introduces water in the radial direction, and specialized '''guide vanes''' - stationary blades that direct the water abruptly so that it enters the turbine in the axial direction. The turbine itself is equipped with several rotor blades attached directly to the central shaft of the turbine.<ref name=boyle/> These blades are attached with movable joints so that the angle can be altered, ensuring that there is maximum efficiency for any given flow rate and water head.<ref name="RE1"/>

It is important to note that the blades of this turbine are not flat, instead they twist slightly because the outer part of the blade moves more quickly than the inner part.<ref name=boyle/>

==Operation==
The way that water is moved through a Kaplan turbine is slightly different from other turbines. First, the water is directed towards the turbine radially, approaching from the side. This is done because the [[generator]] is usually located somewhere along the axis of the turbines rotation, so if the generator was located here it would get wet.<ref name=boyle/> Instead, guide vanes rapidly take the water through a ninety degree turn so that it hits the blades axially. As well as redirecting the water, these vanes are aligned to give the water an appropriate amount of "swirl".<ref name="RE1"/>

The water then moves down over the blades of the propeller, turning it with the "swirl" of the water. This type of turbine is therefore known as a '''reaction''' turbine as the reaction force from the push of the water on the propeller forces the propeller to move. The water leaves the turbine axially.

For more information on the operation of Kaplan turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/kaplan-turbine-hodroelectric-power-gneration.html here].

==References==
{{reflist}}