Lignite - Revision history

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Jmdonev at 04:43, 20 July 2018

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-06-01]]		[[Category:Done 2018-07-20]]
	[[File:640px-Lignite_Klingenberg.jpg\|~~400px~~\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of lignite or "brown coal".<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lignite_Klingenberg.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:640px-Lignite_Klingenberg.jpg\|300px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Lump of lignite or "brown coal".<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lignite_Klingenberg.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Lignite''' or '''~~Brown~~ coal''' is a brown ~~[[fossil fuel]]~~ and the lowest ~~rank~~ of [[coal]]. It is a softer coal with a high moisture content and contains the greatest amount of compounds other than ~~carbon - such~~ as sulfur and [[mercury]].</onlyinclude><ref name="wolfson"> R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref> The carbon content of lignite ~~is only about~~ 70%.<ref name="geo">Stephen Marshak. (May 13, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> ~~Also, lignite~~ represents the youngest rank of ~~fuel, with~~ approximate ages of around 60 ~~000 000~~ years.		[[Coal]] is a rock made of almost pure carbon. The coal in different deposits have different compositions, therefore, coal is classified in [[coal types\|various categories]] <onlyinclude>'''Lignite''' or '''brown coal''' is brown in colour and the lowest quality type of [[coal]]. It is a softer coal with a high moisture content and contains the greatest amount of compounds other than carbon—such as sulfur and [[mercury]].</onlyinclude><ref name="wolfson"> R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref> The carbon content of lignite ranges from 65-70%<ref name ="table">P. Breeze, Coal-Fired Generation. Elsevier Science, 2015.</ref><ref name="geo">Stephen Marshak. (May 13, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> and represents the youngest rank of fuel—with approximate ages of around 60 million years.

	Lignite is the first "stage" of coal that forms ~~after peat is heated and compressed~~ after sediment piles on top of layers of [[peat]]. Since lignite has a lower [[carbon]] content and has not been buried very long, it does not have as high an energy density as harder black coals. The [[energy density]] of lignite is only ~~3500~~ [[~~calorie~~\|~~kcal~~]]/[[kilogram\|kg]],<ref name="~~geo"~~/> significantly lower than the contents of higher quality coals such as [[sub-bituminous]], [[bituminous]], and [[anthracite]] coal.		Lignite is the first "stage" of coal that forms after sediment piles on top of layers of [[peat]], which gets heated and compressed. Since lignite has a lower [[carbon]] content and has not been buried very long, it does not have as high an energy density as harder black coals. The [[energy density]] of lignite is only about (18 [[joule\|MJ]]/[[kilogram\|kg]]),<ref name = "table/> significantly lower than the contents of higher quality coals such as [[sub-bituminous]], [[bituminous]], and [[anthracite]] coal.

	==Uses==		==Uses==
	Since lignite has a relatively low energy density, the coal is burned close to the mines to get the most output from the coal without expending too much energy transporting it ~~(these are called [[mine mouth]] operations)~~. Lignite's high moisture content and lower carbon content results in more [[carbon dioxide]] emissions than harder black coals. In these power plants the coal is burned and used in industrial [[boiler]]s. 79% of all lignite coal is used in these boilers to generate electricity, and 13.5% is used to generate [[synthetic natural gas]]. A small 7.5% is used to produce various fertilizer products. Virtually none is used as a home heating fuel due to its poor burn quality.<ref>Lignite Energy Council. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite Uses'' [Online]. Available: https://www.lignite.com/about-lignite/lignite-uses/</ref>		Since lignite has a relatively low energy density, the coal is burned close to the mines (known as [[mine mouth]] operations). This is done to get the most output from the coal, without expending too much energy transporting it. Lignite's high moisture content and lower carbon content results in more [[carbon dioxide]] emissions than harder black coals. In these power plants the coal is burned and used in industrial [[boiler]]s. 79% of all lignite coal is used in these boilers to generate electricity, and 13.5% is used to generate [[synthetic natural gas]]. A small 7.5% is used to produce various fertilizer products. Virtually none is used as a home heating fuel due to its poor burn quality.<ref>Lignite Energy Council. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite Uses'' [Online]. Available: https://www.lignite.com/about-lignite/lignite-uses/</ref>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Coal formation]]
			*[[Coal]]
			*[[Fossil fuel]]
			*[[Mine mouth]]
			*[[Energy density]]
			*[[Hydrocarbon combustion]]
			*[[Coal types]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:17Z

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J.williams at 16:54, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:54:59Z

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[[Category:Done 2015-06-01]]
[[File:640px-Lignite_Klingenberg.jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. Lump of lignite or "brown coal".<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lignite_Klingenberg.jpg</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Lignite''' or '''Brown coal''' is a brown [[fossil fuel]] and the lowest rank of [[coal]]. It is a softer coal with a high moisture content and contains the greatest amount of compounds other than carbon - such as sulfur and [[mercury]].</onlyinclude><ref name="wolfson"> R. Wolfson. ''Energy, Environment and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, U.S.A.: Norton, 2012, pp. 95-96</ref> The carbon content of lignite is only about 70%.<ref name="geo">Stephen Marshak. (May 13, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> Also, lignite represents the youngest rank of fuel, with approximate ages of around 60 000 000 years.

Lignite is the first "stage" of coal that forms after peat is heated and compressed after sediment piles on top of layers of [[peat]]. Since lignite has a lower [[carbon]] content and has not been buried very long, it does not have as high an energy density as harder black coals. The [[energy density]] of lignite is only 3500 [[calorie|kcal]]/[[kilogram|kg]],<ref name="geo"/> significantly lower than the contents of higher quality coals such as [[sub-bituminous]], [[bituminous]], and [[anthracite]] coal.

==Uses==
Since lignite has a relatively low energy density, the coal is burned close to the mines to get the most output from the coal without expending too much energy transporting it (these are called [[mine mouth]] operations). Lignite's high moisture content and lower carbon content results in more [[carbon dioxide]] emissions than harder black coals. In these power plants the coal is burned and used in industrial [[boiler]]s. 79% of all lignite coal is used in these boilers to generate electricity, and 13.5% is used to generate [[synthetic natural gas]]. A small 7.5% is used to produce various fertilizer products. Virtually none is used as a home heating fuel due to its poor burn quality.<ref>Lignite Energy Council. (May 13, 2015). ''Lignite Uses'' [Online]. Available: https://www.lignite.com/about-lignite/lignite-uses/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]