Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2026-06-04T17:16:56Z

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Energy>Jmdonev at 22:50, 15 May 2026

2026-05-15T22:50:24Z

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-08-21]]		[[Category:Done 2026-06-01]]
	[[File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Offshore wind turbines.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg#/media/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Offshore wind turbines.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg#/media/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Offshore wind turbines''' operate by transforming the [[kinetic energy]] in [[wind]] over [[water]] into [[rotational kinetic energy]] which is used to [[generate electricity]].</onlyinclude> Turbines can be installed both in ocean waters and inland lakes and are typically around ~~80-~~100 [[meter]]s high with a rotor blade diameter of ~~20-50~~ meters.<ref name=~~Ref1~~>~~Windustry~~ (~~2012~~). (Accessed ~~August 21~~, ~~2015~~). ''~~How Big~~ are Wind Turbines?'' [Online] Available: ~~http~~://www.~~windustry~~.~~org~~/~~resources~~/~~how~~-~~big~~-are-wind-~~turbines~~</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Offshore wind turbines''' operate by transforming the [[kinetic energy]] in [[wind]] over [[water]] into [[rotational kinetic energy]] which is used to [[generate electricity]].</onlyinclude> Turbines can be installed both in ocean waters and inland lakes and are typically around 100 [[meter]]s high with a rotor blade diameter of up to 80 meters.<ref name=":1">O. Bolt (2024). (Accessed May 12, 2026). ''Onshore Vs Offshore Wind Turbines: All You Need To Know'' [Online]. Energy Theory. Available: https://energytheory.com/onshore-vs-offshore-wind-turbines-all-you-need-to-know/</ref> Installation is complex and power transmission is via undersea cables.<ref name=":1" />

			Offshore wind turbines are commonly larger and more efficient than onshore [[wind turbine]]s because they are powered by stronger and more consistent winds over the open water.<ref>AltenergyMag (2025). (Accessed May 12, 2026). ''Why Are Offshore Wind Turbines Important for Our Future?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.altenergymag.com/news/2025/02/14/why-are-offshore-wind-turbines-important-for-our-future/44597/</ref> Oceans have a smoother surface than land does: trees, buildings, and complex topology create turbulence and drag which slow the wind down.<ref name=":0">Sustainability Directory (2026). (Accessed May 12, 2026). ''Why Are Wind Speeds Generally Higher and More Consistent over the Open Ocean Compared to Land?'' [Online]. Available: https://energy.sustainability-directory.com/learn/why-are-wind-speeds-generally-higher-and-more-consistent-over-the-open-ocean-compared-to-land/</ref> The temperature differences that drive wind are also more stable over large bodies of water.<ref name=":0" />

	==Types==		==Types==
	===Fixed-Bottom Turbines===		===Fixed-Bottom Turbines===
	Fixed-bottom turbines are similar in design to onshore [[wind turbine]]s where the turbine tower is built up from the ground. Fixed-bottom turbines are limited by the depth of the water because the turbine tower has to be built into the sea-floor; fixed-bottom turbines are only viable in depths up to 50 m.<ref name=~~Ref3~~>T. ~~Rowe~~ (~~2013~~).		Fixed-bottom turbines are similar in design to onshore [[wind turbine]]s where the turbine tower is built up from the ground. Fixed-bottom turbines are limited by the depth of the water because the turbine tower has to be built into the sea-floor; fixed-bottom turbines are only viable in depths up to 60 m.<ref name=":2" /> Suitable construction sites are relatively limited and have the potential to interfere with other industries such as shipping or fishing.
	(Accessed ~~August 21~~, ~~2015~~). ''~~Significance~~ of ~~Deep Water Report is Technological Advance in~~ Offshore Wind'' [Online]. Available: ~~http~~://~~www~~.~~ewea~~.~~org~~/~~blog~~/~~2013~~/08/~~significance-~~of-~~deep~~-~~water~~-~~report~~-is-~~technological~~-~~advance~~-in-offshore-wind/</ref> ~~Suitable construction~~ sites are ~~relatively~~ limited ~~and have~~ the ~~potential~~ to ~~interfere with other industries~~ such as ~~shipping or fishing~~. ~~Fixed~~-~~bottom~~ turbines are ~~currently~~ the ~~industry standard~~ for ~~offshore wind farms~~.<ref name=~~Ref3~~/>
			Monopiles are the most common type of fixed-bottom offshore turbine, they consist of one large steel tube that goes into the seabed. Gravity-based foundations are different because rest on the seabed and are filled with ballast (heavy material) to be stable. Jacket foundations are lattice structures made of steel tubes.<ref name=":3">Sustainability Directory (2025). (Accessed May 13, 2026). ''What Are the Different Types of Fixed-Bottom Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines?'' [Online]. Available: https://energy.sustainability-directory.com/learn/what-are-the-different-types-of-fixed-bottom-foundations-for-offshore-wind-turbines/</ref> There are also other less frequently used foundation types such as the tripod and suction caisson. Overall, the choice of foundation depends on water depth, soil conditions, and cost.<ref name=":3" />
			[[File:Offshore-wind-structures-overview-2048x1272 (1).jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\|Figure 2. Types of fixed-bottom offshore turbines and floating offshore wind turbines.<ref>Y. Shumak (2023). (Accessed May 13, 2026). ''Problems of Floating offshore wind plants verification according to industry standards'' [Online]. Available: https://sdcverifier.com/articles/problems-of-floating-offshore-wind-plants-verification-according-to-industry-standards/</ref>]]
			=== Floating Turbines ===
			Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) are of interest because sites are no longer limited to shallow waters. Floating turbines can be positioned in areas with the strongest winds without being as limited by water depth.<ref name="Ref4">E. Harball (2013). (Accessed August 21, 2015). Will Ore. Test project bring offshore wind to the West Coast [Online]. Available: http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059988558</ref> Some areas, such as the Mediterranean and Arctic, that are too deep to allow fixed-bottom turbine construction can be suitable for development with FOWTs.<ref name="Ref4" />

			The challenge of floating turbines is to create structures that are capable of withstanding the forces of high wind speeds and open-ocean waves without a foundation built into the sea-floor. Technological development is focused on the substructure, the floating platform the tower is constructed on.<ref name="Ref5">EWEA (2013). (Accessed August 21, 2015). ''Deep Water'' [Online]. Available: http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/reports/Deep_Water.pdf</ref> The substructure must be capable to holding the tower steady and upright while remaining in the same location via a system of cables anchored to the sea floor.<ref name="Ref5" /> To date, several floating turbines have been designed but are still limited to a water depth of around 200 m because of the necessity for an anchoring system to hold the turbine in place.<ref name="Ref4" />

	~~===Floating Turbines===~~		There are 3 main types of floating turbines: spar, semisubmersible, and tension-leg platform.<ref name=":2">BOEM (2023). (Accessed May 12, 2026). ''Floating Offshore Wind Technology'' [Online]. Available: https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/renewable-energy/state-activities/Musial-Floating-Wind-Technology.pdf</ref> The spar achieves its stability with a weight below the buoyancy tank. The semisubmersible achieves stability by distributing its buoyancy over a wide area. The tension-leg platform (TLP) uses the tension of the mooring lines with a submerged buoyancy tank to achieve stability. Each method has its own unique challenges. All of them are tethered by "mooring lines" for cabling and to limit migration.
	~~Research is ongoing into the development~~ of floating ~~turbine designs. Floating~~ turbines are of interest because potential development sites would no longer be limited to shallow waters. Floating turbines could be positioned in areas with the strongest winds without being limited by water depth.<ref name=~~Ref4~~>~~E. Harball~~ (~~2013~~). (Accessed ~~August 21~~, ~~2015~~). ~~Will Ore. Test project bring offshore wind to the West Coast~~ [Online]. Available: ~~http~~://www.~~eenews~~.~~net~~/~~stories~~/~~1059988558~~</ref> ~~In addition, some areas such as~~ the ~~Mediterranean and Arctic that are too deep to allow fixed~~-~~bottom turbine construction~~ to ~~be suitable~~ for ~~development~~.~~<ref name=Ref4/>~~

	The challenge of floating turbines is to create structures that are capable of withstanding the forces of high wind speeds and open-ocean waves without a foundation built into the sea-floor. Technological development is currently focused on improving the substructure, which is the floating platform the tower is constructed on.<ref name=~~Ref5>EWEA (2013). (Accessed August 21, 2015). ''Deep Water''~~ [~~Online~~]~~. Available~~: http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/reports/Deep_Water.pdf</ref> The substructure must be capable to holding the tower steady and upright while remaining in the same location via a system of cables anchored to the sea floor.<ref name=Ref5/> To date, several floating turbines have been designed but are still limited to a water depth of around 200 m because of the necessity for an anchoring system to hold the turbine in place.<ref name=Ref4/>		==For Further Reading==
			*[[Wind]]
			*[[Wind farm]]
			*[[Wind resource measurement]]
			*[[Wind power]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:27Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 02:37, 22 August 2015

2015-08-22T02:37:50Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-08-21]]
[[File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg|300px|thumb|Figure 1. Offshore wind turbines.<Ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg#/media/File:Barrow_Offshore_wind_turbines.jpg</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Offshore wind turbines''' operate by transforming the [[kinetic energy]] in [[wind]] over [[water]] into [[rotational kinetic energy]] which is used to [[generate electricity]].</onlyinclude> Turbines can be installed both in ocean waters and inland lakes and are typically around 80-100 [[meter]]s high with a rotor blade diameter of 20-50 meters.<ref name=Ref1>Windustry (2012). (Accessed August 21, 2015). ''How Big are Wind Turbines?'' [Online] Available: http://www.windustry.org/resources/how-big-are-wind-turbines</ref>

==Types==
===Fixed-Bottom Turbines===
Fixed-bottom turbines are similar in design to onshore [[wind turbine]]s where the turbine tower is built up from the ground. Fixed-bottom turbines are limited by the depth of the water because the turbine tower has to be built into the sea-floor; fixed-bottom turbines are only viable in depths up to 50 m.<ref name=Ref3>T. Rowe (2013).
(Accessed August 21, 2015). ''Significance of Deep Water Report is Technological Advance in Offshore Wind'' [Online]. Available: http://www.ewea.org/blog/2013/08/significance-of-deep-water-report-is-technological-advance-in-offshore-wind/</ref> Suitable construction sites are relatively limited and have the potential to interfere with other industries such as shipping or fishing. Fixed-bottom turbines are currently the industry standard for offshore wind farms.<ref name=Ref3/>

===Floating Turbines===
Research is ongoing into the development of floating turbine designs. Floating turbines are of interest because potential development sites would no longer be limited to shallow waters. Floating turbines could be positioned in areas with the strongest winds without being limited by water depth.<ref name=Ref4>E. Harball (2013). (Accessed August 21, 2015). Will Ore. Test project bring offshore wind to the West Coast [Online]. Available: http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059988558</ref> In addition, some areas such as the Mediterranean and Arctic that are too deep to allow fixed-bottom turbine construction to be suitable for development.<ref name=Ref4/>

The challenge of floating turbines is to create structures that are capable of withstanding the forces of high wind speeds and open-ocean waves without a foundation built into the sea-floor. Technological development is currently focused on improving the substructure, which is the floating platform the tower is constructed on.<ref name=Ref5>EWEA (2013). (Accessed August 21, 2015). ''Deep Water'' [Online]. Available: http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/reports/Deep_Water.pdf</ref> The substructure must be capable to holding the tower steady and upright while remaining in the same location via a system of cables anchored to the sea floor.<ref name=Ref5/> To date, several floating turbines have been designed but are still limited to a water depth of around 200 m because of the necessity for an anchoring system to hold the turbine in place.<ref name=Ref4/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]

Offshore wind turbine - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

Energy>Jmdonev at 22:50, 15 May 2026

J.williams: 1 revision imported

Jmdonev at 02:37, 22 August 2015