Pelton turbine - Revision history

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energy>Jmdonev at 22:36, 11 June 2021

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	[[Category:Done ~~2020~~-02-29]]		[[Category:Done 2021-01-31]]
	[[File:Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg\|330px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Pelton turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Pelton Wheel'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg\|330px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Pelton turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Pelton Wheel'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg</ref>]]

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	The operation of a Pelton turbine is fairly simple. In this type of turbine, high [[speed]] jets of water emerge from the nozzles that surround the turbine. These nozzles are arranged so the water jet will hit the buckets at '''splitters''', the center of the bucket where the water jet is divided into two streams. The two separate streams then flow along the inner curve of the bucket and leave in the opposite direction that it came in. This change in momentum of the water creates an impulse on the blades of the turbine, generating [[torque]] and rotation in the turbine.<ref name="RE1"/>		The operation of a Pelton turbine is fairly simple. In this type of turbine, high [[speed]] jets of water emerge from the nozzles that surround the turbine. These nozzles are arranged so the water jet will hit the buckets at '''splitters''', the center of the bucket where the water jet is divided into two streams. The two separate streams then flow along the inner curve of the bucket and leave in the opposite direction that it came in. This change in momentum of the water creates an impulse on the blades of the turbine, generating [[torque]] and rotation in the turbine.<ref name="RE1"/>

	The high speed water jets are created by pushing high pressure water (such as water falling from high heads) through nozzles at atmospheric pressure. The maximum output is obtained from a Pelton turbine when the impulse obtained by the blades is maximum, meaning that the water stream is deflected exactly opposite to the direction at which it strikes the buckets at. As well, the [[efficiency]] of these wheels is highest when the speed of the movement of the cups is half of the speed of the water jet.<ref name=boyle/>		The high speed water jets are created by pushing high pressure water (such as water falling from high heads) through nozzles at atmospheric pressure. The maximum output is obtained from a Pelton turbine when the impulse obtained by the blades is maximum, meaning that the water stream is deflected exactly opposite to the direction at which it strikes the buckets at. As well, the [[efficiency]] of these wheels is highest when the speed of the movement of the cups is half of the speed of the water jet, as seen in figure 3.<ref name=boyle/>

	For more information on the operation of Pelton turbines, click [~~http~~://www.learnengineering.org~~/2013/08~~/pelton-turbine-wheel-hydraulic-turbine.html here].		For more information on the operation of Pelton turbines, click [https://www.learnengineering.org/pelton-turbine-wheel-hydraulic-turbine.html here].


			<html>
			<iframe src="https://energyeducation.ca/3dmodels/Pelton_Turbine/" width="100%" height="450px" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" /></iframe></html>
			Figure 3. A three dimensional model of a Pelton turbine. These turbines tend to spin rather quickly, to go with the high velocity head in figure 2.

	==For Further Reading==		==For Further Reading==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2020-04-28T15:32:34Z

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energy>Jmdonev at 17:09, 10 April 2020

2020-04-10T17:09:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 10 April 2020
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[File:Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg\|330px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Pelton turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Pelton Wheel'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg\|330px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. A Pelton turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Pelton Wheel'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>A '''Pelton turbine''' or '''Pelton wheel''' is a type of [[hydro turbine\|turbine]] used frequently in [[hydroelectric facility\|hydroelectric plants]]. These turbines are generally used for sites with [[hydraulic head\|heads]] greater than 300 [[meter]]s. This type of turbine was created during the gold rush in 1880 by Lester Pelton.</onlyinclude><ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>		<onlyinclude>A '''Pelton turbine''' or '''Pelton wheel''' is a type of [[hydro turbine]] (specifically an [[impulse turbine]]) used frequently in [[hydroelectric facility\|hydroelectric plants]]. These turbines are generally used for sites with [[hydraulic head\|heads]] greater than 300 [[meter]]s. This type of turbine was created during the gold rush in 1880 by Lester Pelton.</onlyinclude><ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> The water in a Pelton turbine is moving quickly (high velocity head, figure 2) and the turbine extracts energy from the water by slowing the water down, which makes this an impulse turbine.

	When used for [[electricity generation\|generating electricity]], there is usually a water [[reservoir]] located at some height above the Pelton turbine. The [[water]] then flows through the [[penstock]] to specialized nozzles that introduce pressurized water to the turbine. To prevent irregularities in [[pressure]], the penstock is fitted with a surge tank that absorbs sudden fluctuations in water that could alter the pressure.<ref name="RE1"/> Unlike other types of turbines which are '''reaction turbines''', the Pelton turbine is known as an '''impulse turbine'''. This simply means that instead of moving as a result of a reaction [[force]], water creates some impulse on the turbine to get it to move.<ref name=boyle/>		When used for [[electricity generation\|generating electricity]], there is usually a water [[reservoir]] located at some height above the Pelton turbine. The [[water]] then flows through the [[penstock]] to specialized nozzles that introduce pressurized water to the turbine. To prevent irregularities in [[pressure]], the penstock is fitted with a surge tank that absorbs sudden fluctuations in water that could alter the pressure.<ref name="RE1"/> Unlike other types of turbines which are '''reaction turbines''', the Pelton turbine is known as an '''impulse turbine'''. This simply means that instead of moving as a result of a reaction [[force]], water creates some impulse on the turbine to get it to move.<ref name=boyle/>

	==Design==		==Design==
			[[File:Operating_Pelton_wheel.png\|right\|thumb\|400px\|Figure 2. A nozzle turns [[hydraulic head]] into a high [[velocity]] (with high [[velocity head]]) stream of water which hits the Pelton turbine and makes it spin. The water coming out the bottom has very little energy left.<ref>This image modified from the image found here: Von Jahobr - Eigenes Werk, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=53731013</ref>]]
	The Pelton turbine has a fairly simplistic design. A large circular disk is mounted on some sort of rotating shaft known as a '''rotor'''. Mounted on this circular disk are cup shaped blades known as '''buckets''' evenly spaced around the entire wheel. Generally, the buckets are arranged in pairs around the rim.<ref name=boyle/> Then nozzles are arranged the wheel and serve the purpose of introducing water to the turbine. Jets of water emerge from these nozzles, tangential to the wheel of the turbine. This causes the turbine to spin as a result of the impact of the water jets on the buckets.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 26, 2015). ''Pelton Turbine'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26777-hydraulic-turbines-the-pelton-turbine/</ref>		The Pelton turbine has a fairly simplistic design. A large circular disk is mounted on some sort of rotating shaft known as a '''rotor'''. Mounted on this circular disk are cup shaped blades known as '''buckets''' evenly spaced around the entire wheel. Generally, the buckets are arranged in pairs around the rim.<ref name=boyle/> Then nozzles are arranged the wheel and serve the purpose of introducing water to the turbine. Jets of water emerge from these nozzles, tangential to the wheel of the turbine. This causes the turbine to spin as a result of the impact of the water jets on the buckets.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 26, 2015). ''Pelton Turbine'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26777-hydraulic-turbines-the-pelton-turbine/</ref>

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	For more information on the operation of Pelton turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/pelton-turbine-wheel-hydraulic-turbine.html here].		For more information on the operation of Pelton turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/pelton-turbine-wheel-hydraulic-turbine.html here].

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Francis turbine]]
			*[[Kaplan turbine]]
			*[[Turgo turbine]]
			*[[Hydroelectric facility]]
			*[[Hydroelectric dam]]
			*[[Primary energy]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:22:22Z

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Kjstenho at 15:51, 28 August 2015

2015-08-28T15:51:11Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
[[File:Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg|330px|thumb|right|Figure 1. A Pelton turbine.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 25, 2015). ''Pelton Wheel'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Pelton_wheel_turbine_in_Barcelona.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>A '''Pelton turbine''' or '''Pelton wheel''' is a type of [[hydro turbine|turbine]] used frequently in [[hydroelectric facility|hydroelectric plants]]. These turbines are generally used for sites with [[hydraulic head|heads]] greater than 300 [[meter]]s. This type of turbine was created during the gold rush in 1880 by Lester Pelton.</onlyinclude><ref name=boyle>G. Boyle. ''Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>

When used for [[electricity generation|generating electricity]], there is usually a water [[reservoir]] located at some height above the Pelton turbine. The [[water]] then flows through the [[penstock]] to specialized nozzles that introduce pressurized water to the turbine. To prevent irregularities in [[pressure]], the penstock is fitted with a surge tank that absorbs sudden fluctuations in water that could alter the pressure.<ref name="RE1"/> Unlike other types of turbines which are '''reaction turbines''', the Pelton turbine is known as an '''impulse turbine'''. This simply means that instead of moving as a result of a reaction [[force]], water creates some impulse on the turbine to get it to move.<ref name=boyle/>

==Design==
The Pelton turbine has a fairly simplistic design. A large circular disk is mounted on some sort of rotating shaft known as a '''rotor'''. Mounted on this circular disk are cup shaped blades known as '''buckets''' evenly spaced around the entire wheel. Generally, the buckets are arranged in pairs around the rim.<ref name=boyle/> Then nozzles are arranged the wheel and serve the purpose of introducing water to the turbine. Jets of water emerge from these nozzles, tangential to the wheel of the turbine. This causes the turbine to spin as a result of the impact of the water jets on the buckets.<ref name="RE1">BrightHub Engineering. (August 26, 2015). ''Pelton Turbine'' [Online]. Available: http://www.brighthubengineering.com/fluid-mechanics-hydraulics/26777-hydraulic-turbines-the-pelton-turbine/</ref>

==Operation==
The operation of a Pelton turbine is fairly simple. In this type of turbine, high [[speed]] jets of water emerge from the nozzles that surround the turbine. These nozzles are arranged so the water jet will hit the buckets at '''splitters''', the center of the bucket where the water jet is divided into two streams. The two separate streams then flow along the inner curve of the bucket and leave in the opposite direction that it came in. This change in momentum of the water creates an impulse on the blades of the turbine, generating [[torque]] and rotation in the turbine.<ref name="RE1"/>

The high speed water jets are created by pushing high pressure water (such as water falling from high heads) through nozzles at atmospheric pressure. The maximum output is obtained from a Pelton turbine when the impulse obtained by the blades is maximum, meaning that the water stream is deflected exactly opposite to the direction at which it strikes the buckets at. As well, the [[efficiency]] of these wheels is highest when the speed of the movement of the cups is half of the speed of the water jet.<ref name=boyle/>

For more information on the operation of Pelton turbines, click [http://www.learnengineering.org/2013/08/pelton-turbine-wheel-hydraulic-turbine.html here].

==References==
{{reflist}}