Peroxyacyl nitrate - Revision history

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10-15]]		[[Category:Done 2020-02-29]]
	[[File:Peroxyacetyl-nitrate-3D-balls.png\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Structure of a PAN called ~~peroyacetyl~~ nitrate. Red: ~~oxygen~~, Blue: ~~nitrogen~~, Grey: Carbon, White: Hydrogen.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyacetyl_nitrate#/media/File:Peroxyacetyl-nitrate-3D-balls.png</ref>]]		[[File:Peroxyacetyl-nitrate-3D-balls.png\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. Structure of a PAN called peroxyacetyl nitrate. Red: [[Oxygen]], Blue: [[Nitrogen]], Grey: [[Carbon]], White: [[Hydrogen]].<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyacetyl_nitrate#/media/File:Peroxyacetyl-nitrate-3D-balls.png</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Peroxyacyl nitrates''' or '''PANs''' are a component of [[photochemical smog]], produced in the [[atmosphere]] when oxidized [[volatile organic compound]]s combine with [[nitrogen oxide]].<ref>LaFranchi, B. W.; Wolfe, G. M. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Closing the peroxy acetyl nitrate budget: observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN, and MPAN) during BEARPEX 2007'' [Online], Available: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/7623/2009/acp-9-7623-2009.html</ref> ~~They~~ are a [[secondary pollutant]] since they form in the atmosphere ''after'' the [[emission]] of [[primary pollutant]]s.</onlyinclude> Sources of the [[pollutant]]s required to create PANs include [[motor vehicle]]s, tobacco smoke, and the burning of [[fossil fuel]]s.		<onlyinclude>'''Peroxyacyl nitrates''' or '''PANs''', which are also referred to as '''acyl peroxy nitrates''' or '''APN''', are a component of [[photochemical smog]], produced in the [[atmosphere]] when [[oxidize\|oxidized]] [[volatile organic compound]]s combine with [[nitrogen oxide\|nitrogen dioxide]] (<chem>NO2</chem>).<ref>LaFranchi, B. W.; Wolfe, G. M. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Closing the peroxy acetyl nitrate budget: observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN, and MPAN) during BEARPEX 2007'' [Online], Available: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/7623/2009/acp-9-7623-2009.html</ref> Figure 1 shows the structure of an example of PAN. PANs are a [[secondary pollutant]] since they form in the atmosphere ''after'' the [[emission]] of [[primary pollutant]]s.</onlyinclude> Sources of the [[pollutant]]s required to create PANs include [[motor vehicle]]s, tobacco smoke, and the burning of [[fossil fuel]]s.

	==Effects==		==Effects==
	PANs have many adverse effects in the human body such as reduced respiratory function and ~~eye irritation, and may also be linked to emphysema,~~ impaired breathing and ~~other lung problems~~.<ref name=haz>HazMat. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN)'' [Online], Available: http://www.hazmatmag.com/features/peroxyacetyl-nitrate-pan/</ref> Human exposure to PANs typically occurs in urban centers where automobile and industrial emissions are high.		PANs have many adverse effects in the human body such as reduced respiratory function (including emphysema and impaired breathing) and eye irritation. <ref name=haz>HazMat. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN)'' [Online], Available: http://www.hazmatmag.com/features/peroxyacetyl-nitrate-pan/</ref> Human exposure to PANs typically occurs in urban centers where automobile and industrial emissions are high.

	PANs ~~have a lifetime of~~ about 3 months ~~in atmosphere at~~ cold ~~[[temperature]]s of around [[celsius\|~~-20°C]], ~~however~~ in warmer areas ~~it is typically~~ only a few hours. ~~The implications of~~ PANs that remain in the atmosphere for extended periods of time are of concern, since they can be transported large distances thereby spreading their ~~[[environmental~~ impact]] to other regions. Under these conditions PANs can contribute to air [[pollution]] in places far away from their source.<ref>F. Qureshi, University of Colorado Boulder. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Peroxyacetyl Nitrates: Ozone in the cooling PAN'' [Online], Available: http://atoc.colorado.edu/~toohey/PAN.pdf</ref>		PANs can remain in the atmosphere for about 3 months after formation, under cold conditions (-20°C and lower). However, in warmer areas, PANs persist only for a few hours. PANs that remain suspended in the atmosphere for extended periods of time are of concern, since they can be transported large distances by wind currents, thereby spreading their impact to other regions. Under these conditions, PANs can contribute to air [[pollution]] in places far away from their source.<ref>F. Qureshi, University of Colorado Boulder. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Peroxyacetyl Nitrates: Ozone in the cooling PAN'' [Online], Available: http://atoc.colorado.edu/~toohey/PAN.pdf</ref>

	~~Upon decomposition it~~ can produce a variety of [[chemical]]s like [[carbon monoxide]] and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name=haz/>		Decomposition of PANs can produce a variety of [[chemical]]s like [[carbon monoxide]] (<chem>CO</chem>) and [[carbon dioxide]] (<chem>CO2</chem>).<ref name=haz/>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Photochemical smog]]
			*[[Volatile organic compound]]
			*[[Secondary pollutant]]
			*[[Pollutant]]
			*[[Primary pollutant]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	[[Category:~~Ian edit~~]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:32Z

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Jmdonev at 21:31, 22 October 2015

2015-10-22T21:31:59Z

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[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
[[File:Peroxyacetyl-nitrate-3D-balls.png|300px|thumb|Figure 1. Structure of a PAN called peroyacetyl nitrate. Red: oxygen, Blue: nitrogen, Grey: Carbon, White: Hydrogen.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyacetyl_nitrate#/media/File:Peroxyacetyl-nitrate-3D-balls.png</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Peroxyacyl nitrates''' or '''PANs''' are a component of [[photochemical smog]], produced in the [[atmosphere]] when oxidized [[volatile organic compound]]s combine with [[nitrogen oxide]].<ref>LaFranchi, B. W.; Wolfe, G. M. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Closing the peroxy acetyl nitrate budget: observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN, and MPAN) during BEARPEX 2007'' [Online], Available: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/7623/2009/acp-9-7623-2009.html</ref> They are a [[secondary pollutant]] since they form in the atmosphere ''after'' the [[emission]] of [[primary pollutant]]s.</onlyinclude> Sources of the [[pollutant]]s required to create PANs include [[motor vehicle]]s, tobacco smoke, and the burning of [[fossil fuel]]s.

==Effects==
PANs have many adverse effects in the human body such as reduced respiratory function and eye irritation, and may also be linked to emphysema, impaired breathing and other lung problems.<ref name=haz>HazMat. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN)'' [Online], Available: http://www.hazmatmag.com/features/peroxyacetyl-nitrate-pan/</ref> Human exposure to PANs typically occurs in urban centers where automobile and industrial emissions are high.

PANs have a lifetime of about 3 months in atmosphere at cold [[temperature]]s of around [[celsius|-20°C]], however in warmer areas it is typically only a few hours. The implications of PANs that remain in the atmosphere for extended periods of time are of concern, since they can be transported large distances thereby spreading their [[environmental impact]] to other regions. Under these conditions PANs can contribute to air [[pollution]] in places far away from their source.<ref>F. Qureshi, University of Colorado Boulder. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Peroxyacetyl Nitrates: Ozone in the cooling PAN'' [Online], Available: http://atoc.colorado.edu/~toohey/PAN.pdf</ref>

Upon decomposition it can produce a variety of [[chemical]]s like [[carbon monoxide]] and [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name=haz/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Ian edit]]