Radiative forcing - Revision history

Jmdonev at 18:29, 4 January 2019

2019-01-04T18:29:32Z

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	where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere\|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>		where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere\|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>

	[[File:~~600px-~~Radiative-forcings~~.svg (1)~~.png\|center\|framed\|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]		[[File:Radiative-forcings.png\|center\|framed\|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]

	==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==		==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==

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2019-01-04T18:15:01Z

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2dev>Ashley.Sheardown at 19:06, 19 December 2018

2018-12-19T19:06:10Z

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	[[Category:Done ~~2016~~-01-15]]		[[Category:Done 2018-12-10]]
			[[Category: Ashley edit]]
	''The natural [[greenhouse effect]] isn't technically a radiative forcing to learn more about how the greenhouse effect changes the Earth's temperature click [[greenhouse effect\|here]].''		''The natural [[greenhouse effect]] isn't technically a radiative forcing to learn more about how the greenhouse effect changes the Earth's temperature click [[greenhouse effect\|here]].''

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	where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere\|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>		where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere\|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>

	[[File:600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png\|center\|framed\|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]		[[File:600px-Radiative-forcings.svg (1).png\|center\|framed\|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]

	==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==		==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==
	In addition to radiative forcings, there are also [[non-radiative forcing]]s. The main difference that can distinguish the two is whether or not they involve some change in [[Earth's energy budget]]. Non-radiative forcings, unlike radiative forcings, cause a change in climate that involves an energy redistribution ''within'' the climate system. Since these forcings do not directly affect the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing radiation they cannot be considered radiative.		In addition to radiative forcings, there are also [[non-radiative forcing]]s. The main difference that can distinguish the two is whether or not they involve some change in [[Earth's energy budget]]. Non-radiative forcings, unlike radiative forcings, cause a change in climate that involves an energy redistribution ''within'' the climate system. Since these forcings do not directly affect the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing radiation they cannot be considered radiative.

	Additionally, non-radiative forcings usually act over a larger ~~timescale~~ than radiative forcings. While radiative forcings can result in noticeable changes within a generation, non-radiative forcings tend to act over larger time scales. In addition, many of these non-radiative forcings affect climate by changing the shape of the Earth's surface as a result of changing mountain ranges and ocean properties.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Non-Radiative Forcings'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-2.php</ref>		Additionally, non-radiative forcings usually act over a larger time scale than radiative forcings. While radiative forcings can result in noticeable changes within a generation, non-radiative forcings tend to act over larger time scales. In addition, many of these non-radiative forcings affect climate by changing the shape of the Earth's surface as a result of changing mountain ranges and ocean properties.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Non-Radiative Forcings'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-2.php</ref>

	==Changes in Radiative Forcing==		==Changes in Radiative Forcing==
	Before the Industrial Revolution in 1750, the average value for radiative forcing remained essentially stable. Scientists are able to document how the atmosphere has changed since then by calculating current values as if the radiative forcing value were zero in 1750.<ref>US EPA. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/ghg/climate-forcing.html</ref> By calculating it like this, it becomes clear that the value has increased significantly. In 1950, the value relative to 1750 was determined to be 0.57 W/m<sup>2</sup>. After only 30 years in 1980, the value had jumped again to 1.25 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The trend of rapid increasing has continued since then, with 2011 values reporting a radiative forcing value of 2.29 W/m<sup>2</sup> relative to 1750.<ref name="RE1"/> Since 1750, anthropogenic or human-caused climate forcings have been increasing, and have thus been increasing the radiative forcing value.		Before the Industrial Revolution in 1750, the average value for radiative forcing remained essentially stable. Scientists are able to document how the atmosphere has changed since then by calculating current values as if the radiative forcing value were zero in 1750.<ref>US EPA. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/ghg/climate-forcing.html</ref> By calculating it like this, it becomes clear that the value has increased significantly. In 1950, the value relative to 1750 was determined to be 0.57 W/m<sup>2</sup>. After only 30 years in 1980, the value had jumped again to 1.25 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The trend of rapid increasing has continued since then, with 2011 values reporting a radiative forcing value of 2.29 W/m<sup>2</sup> relative to 1750.<ref name="RE1"/> Since 1750, anthropogenic or human-caused climate forcings have been increasing, and have thus been increasing the radiative forcing value.

	Climate scientists have come up with four different possible scenarios for the future climate. Each scenario is modeled to show one possible pathway for how [[emissions]] of [[greenhouse gases]] could continue in the future. Each of these scenarios provides a predicted radiative forcing value. For example, if no changes are made to minimize greenhouse gas emission by 2100 the radiative forcing value is predicted to be 8.5 W/m<sup>2</sup>. In contrast, predictions that go along with a minimization of greenhouse gas ~~emisisons~~ predict a value of only 2.6 W/m<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="RE1"/>		Climate scientists have come up with four different possible scenarios for the future climate. Each scenario is modeled to show one possible pathway for how [[emissions]] of [[greenhouse gases]] could continue in the future. Each of these scenarios provides a predicted radiative forcing value. For example, if no changes are made to minimize greenhouse gas emission by 2100 the radiative forcing value is predicted to be 8.5 W/m<sup>2</sup>. In contrast, predictions that go along with a minimization of greenhouse gas emissions predict a value of only 2.6 W/m<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="RE1"/>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Greenhouse effect]]
			*[[Climate]]
			*[[Earth's energy budget]]
			*[[Solar radiation]]
			*[[Natural vs anthropogenic climate change]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev at 20:56, 18 February 2016

2016-02-18T20:56:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:56, 18 February 2016
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	where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere\|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>		where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere\|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>

	[[File:600px-Radiative-forcings.svg ~~(1)~~.png\|center\|framed\|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]		[[File:600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png\|center\|framed\|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]

	==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==		==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2016-02-18T04:31:19Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 02:09, 12 January 2016

2016-01-12T02:09:22Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2016-01-15]]
''The natural [[greenhouse effect]] isn't technically a radiative forcing to learn more about how the greenhouse effect changes the Earth's temperature click [[greenhouse effect|here]].''

<onlyinclude>'''Radiative forcing''' is the difference between incoming [[solar radiation]] and outgoing terrestrial [[radiation]]. This [[power]], and thus the difference, is measured in [[watt]]s per meter squared. Radiative forcing is considered '''instantaneous''' if stratospheric temperature changes aren't accounted for.</onlyinclude><ref name=IPCC_SREX>IPCC, 2012: Glossary of terms. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 555-564.</ref> Earth absorbs power from the [[Sun]] and then eventually emits power back into space. The more power the Earth absorbs, the warmer it gets. The warmer the Earth is, the more power it [[radiation|radiates]] into space. This allows the Earth to sit at some equilibrium temperature. This temperature is set by various Climate forcing factors. Humans have been changing these forcing factors which is leading to changes in the climate system.

When climate forcings result in incoming power being greater than outgoing power, the planet warms. If outgoing energy is greater, the planet cools.<ref>CORE. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.co2offsetresearch.org/aviation/RF.html</ref> Thus, the general expression for radiative forcing is:<ref name="RE1">NOAA Climate. (November 7, 2015). ''Climate Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://www.climate.gov/maps-data/primer/climate-forcing</ref> Eventually this warming or cooling sets a new equilibrium temperature for the planet. The biggest recent change in radiative forcing has been the dramatic increase in [[greenhouse gas]]es in the [[atmosphere]], but this is not the only one!

<center>'''Power coming into Earth - Power leaving the Earth = Radiative Forcing Amount'''</center>

where radiative forcing can be a positive or negative value. These positive or negative values can be seen in Figure 1. The means by which this balance is induced - what exactly it is that causes an imbalance in the net power coming into and leaving the Earth - is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. More explicitly, the process that alters the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system (when the radiative forcing value is zero) is known as a '''radiative forcing mechanism'''. There are a large number of different types of variations, but they can include [[external forcing]]s from variations in the Sun or Earth's orbit, or internal forcings such as a change in volcanic activity or in [[atmosphere|atmospheric]] composition. However, connecting a cause with some climate change is extremely difficult, especially because the climate system is incredibly interlinked. This connection results in [[climate feedback]]s and changes propagating throughout the climate system, making direct associations difficult.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-3.php</ref>

[[File:600px-Radiative-forcings.svg (1).png|center|framed|Figure 1. A graph showing the comparative strength of a variety of different radiative forcings.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Radiative-forcings.svg/600px-Radiative-forcings.svg.png</ref>]]

==Radiative vs. Non-Radiative Forcing==
In addition to radiative forcings, there are also [[non-radiative forcing]]s. The main difference that can distinguish the two is whether or not they involve some change in [[Earth's energy budget]]. Non-radiative forcings, unlike radiative forcings, cause a change in climate that involves an energy redistribution ''within'' the climate system. Since these forcings do not directly affect the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing radiation they cannot be considered radiative.

Additionally, non-radiative forcings usually act over a larger timescale than radiative forcings. While radiative forcings can result in noticeable changes within a generation, non-radiative forcings tend to act over larger time scales. In addition, many of these non-radiative forcings affect climate by changing the shape of the Earth's surface as a result of changing mountain ranges and ocean properties.<ref>Global Climate Change. (November 7, 2015). ''Non-Radiative Forcings'' [Online]. Available: http://www.global-climate-change.org.uk/2-2.php</ref>

==Changes in Radiative Forcing==
Before the Industrial Revolution in 1750, the average value for radiative forcing remained essentially stable. Scientists are able to document how the atmosphere has changed since then by calculating current values as if the radiative forcing value were zero in 1750.<ref>US EPA. (November 7, 2015). ''Radiative Forcing'' [Online]. Available: http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/ghg/climate-forcing.html</ref> By calculating it like this, it becomes clear that the value has increased significantly. In 1950, the value relative to 1750 was determined to be 0.57 W/m2. After only 30 years in 1980, the value had jumped again to 1.25 W/m2. The trend of rapid increasing has continued since then, with 2011 values reporting a radiative forcing value of 2.29 W/m2 relative to 1750.<ref name="RE1"/> Since 1750, anthropogenic or human-caused climate forcings have been increasing, and have thus been increasing the radiative forcing value.

Climate scientists have come up with four different possible scenarios for the future climate. Each scenario is modeled to show one possible pathway for how [[emissions]] of [[greenhouse gases]] could continue in the future. Each of these scenarios provides a predicted radiative forcing value. For example, if no changes are made to minimize greenhouse gas emission by 2100 the radiative forcing value is predicted to be 8.5 W/m2. In contrast, predictions that go along with a minimization of greenhouse gas emisisons predict a value of only 2.6 W/m2.<ref name="RE1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}