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Jmdonev at 16:10, 20 July 2018

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-06-11]]		[[Category:Done 2018-07-20]]
	<onlyinclude>The '''Rankine cycle''' or '''Rankine Vapor Cycle''' is the process widely used by [[power plant]]s, such as [[coal-fired power plant]]s or [[nuclear reactor]]s, ~~in which~~ a [[fuel]] is used to produce [[heat]] within a [[boiler]], converting [[water]] into [[steam]] which then expands through a [[turbine]] producing useful [[work]].</onlyinclude><ref name=ese>L. Albright, L. Angenent, F. Vanek. (May 6, 2015). "Stationary Combustion Systems" in ''Energy Systems Engineering'', 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill. 2012. ch.6, pp.161-167</ref> This is a [[thermodynamics\|thermodynamic]] cycle which converts [[heat]] into [[mechanical energy]]~~, which is most often~~ transformed into [[electricity]] by [[electrical generation]]. ~~It was developed in 1859 by Scottish engineer William J.M. Rankine.<ref name=ese/>~~		<onlyinclude>The '''Rankine cycle''' or '''Rankine Vapor Cycle''' is the process widely used by [[power plant]]s such as [[coal-fired power plant]]s or [[nuclear reactor]]s. In this mechanism, a [[fuel]] is used to produce [[heat]] within a [[boiler]], converting [[water]] into [[steam]] which then expands through a [[turbine]] producing useful [[work]]. This process was developed in 1859 by Scottish engineer William J.M. Rankine.</onlyinclude><ref name=ese>L. Albright, L. Angenent, F. Vanek. (May 6, 2015). "Stationary Combustion Systems" in ''Energy Systems Engineering'', 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill. 2012. ch.6, pp.161-167</ref> This is a [[thermodynamics\|thermodynamic]] cycle which converts [[heat]] into [[mechanical energy]]—which usually gets transformed into [[electricity]] by [[electrical generation]].

	[[File:Rankinecycle.png\|~~500px~~\|thumb\|Figure 1. A simple schematic with components for the Rankine Cycle.<ref>Made internally be a member of the Energy Education team, adapted from Energy Systems Engineering by F. Vanek, L. Albright and L. Angenent</ref>]]		[[File:Rankinecycle.png\|right\|420px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A simple schematic with components for the Rankine Cycle.<ref>Made internally be a member of the Energy Education team, adapted from Energy Systems Engineering by F. Vanek, L. Albright and L. Angenent</ref>]]

	The ~~steps in~~ the Rankine ~~Cycle as shown~~ in ~~Figure 1 are~~:<ref ~~name=ese/~~>		[[File:Rankine PV cycle.png\|right\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 2. The [[pressure volume diagram]] of the Rankine cycle. This illustrates the changes in pressure and volume the working fluid (water) undergoes to produce work. <ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CR-Prozess_p-v-Diagramm.svg </ref>]]

	*Pump: Compression of the ~~fluid to high [[pressure]] using a pump (this takes [[work]])~~		The steps in the Rankine Cycle as shown in Figure 1 and the corresponding steps in the [[pressure volume diagram]] (figure 2) are outlined below: <ref name=ese/>
	*Boiler: Heating of the compressed fluid to the final [[temperature]], including increasing the temperature to the [[boiling point]], and the ~~[[phase change]] from [[liquid]] to vapor~~
	*Turbine: Expansion of the vapor in ~~the turbine~~
	*Condenser: Condensation of the vapor in the condenser (where the [[~~waste heat~~]] ~~goes to the final heat sink~~ (~~the [[atmosphere]] or a large body of water like a like or river~~)

	The [[~~efficiency~~]] of the ~~Rankine cycle is limited by~~ the ~~high heat~~ of ~~vaporization by~~ the [[~~fluid~~]]~~. The fluid must be cycled through and reused constantly, therefore~~ [[~~water~~]] ~~is the most practical fluid for this cycle. This is not why many power plants are located near~~ a body of water ~~though, that~~'~~s for the waste heat.~~		*'''Pump:''' Compression of the fluid to high [[pressure]] using a pump (this takes [[work]]) (''Figure 2:'' Steps 3 to 4)
			*'''Boiler:''' The compressed fluid is heated to the final [[temperature]] (which is at boiling point), therefore, a [[phase change]] occurs—from [[liquid]] to vapor. (''Figure 2:'' Steps 4 to 1)
			*'''Turbine:''' Expansion of the vapor in the turbine. (''Figure 2:'' Steps 1 to 2)
			*'''Condenser:''' Condensation of the vapor in the condenser (where the [[waste heat]] goes to the final heat sink (the [[atmosphere]] or a large body of water (ex. lake or river). (''Figure 2:'' Steps 2 to 3)

	As the water condenses in the condenser, [[waste heat]] is given off in the form of [[water vapour]], which can be seen billowing from a plant's cooling towers. This waste heat is necessary in any thermodynamic cycle. Because of this condensation step, the pressure at the turbine outlet is lowered and therefore the pump requires less work to compress the water, meaning higher overall efficiencies.

	[[File:BoilingWaterReactor.gif\|~~200px~~\|framed\|center\|Rankine cycle in a nuclear power plant.<ref>USNRC. (June 1, 2015). ''The Boiling Water Reactor'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html</ref>]]		The [[efficiency]] of the Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization by the [[fluid]]. The fluid must be cycled through and reused constantly, therefore, [[water]] is the most practical fluid for this cycle. This is ''not'' why many power plants are located near a body of water—that's for the waste heat.

			As the water condenses in the condenser, [[waste heat]] is given off in the form of [[water vapour]]—which can be seen billowing from a plant's cooling towers. This waste heat is necessary in any thermodynamic cycle. Due to this condensation step, the pressure at the turbine outlet is lowered. This means the pump requires less work to compress the water—resulting in higher overall efficiencies.

			[[File:BoilingWaterReactor.gif\|300px\|framed\|center\|Figure 3. Rankine cycle in a nuclear power plant.<ref>USNRC. (June 1, 2015). ''The Boiling Water Reactor'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html</ref>]]

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Power plant]]
			*[[Working fluid]]
			*[[Brayton cycle]]
			*[[Waste heat]]
			*[[Efficiency]]
			*[[Pressure volume diagram]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:35Z

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J.williams at 16:58, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:58:49Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-06-11]]
<onlyinclude>The '''Rankine cycle''' or '''Rankine Vapor Cycle''' is the process widely used by [[power plant]]s, such as [[coal-fired power plant]]s or [[nuclear reactor]]s, in which a [[fuel]] is used to produce [[heat]] within a [[boiler]], converting [[water]] into [[steam]] which then expands through a [[turbine]] producing useful [[work]].</onlyinclude><ref name=ese>L. Albright, L. Angenent, F. Vanek. (May 6, 2015). "Stationary Combustion Systems" in ''Energy Systems Engineering'', 2nd Edition. McGraw Hill. 2012. ch.6, pp.161-167</ref> This is a [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] cycle which converts [[heat]] into [[mechanical energy]], which is most often transformed into [[electricity]] by [[electrical generation]]. It was developed in 1859 by Scottish engineer William J.M. Rankine.<ref name=ese/>

[[File:Rankinecycle.png|500px|thumb|Figure 1. A simple schematic with components for the Rankine Cycle.<ref>Made internally be a member of the Energy Education team, adapted from Energy Systems Engineering by F. Vanek, L. Albright and L. Angenent</ref>]]

The steps in the Rankine Cycle as shown in Figure 1 are:<ref name=ese/>

*Pump: Compression of the fluid to high [[pressure]] using a pump (this takes [[work]])
*Boiler: Heating of the compressed fluid to the final [[temperature]], including increasing the temperature to the [[boiling point]], and the [[phase change]] from [[liquid]] to vapor
*Turbine: Expansion of the vapor in the turbine
*Condenser: Condensation of the vapor in the condenser (where the [[waste heat]] goes to the final heat sink (the [[atmosphere]] or a large body of water like a like or river)

The [[efficiency]] of the Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization by the [[fluid]]. The fluid must be cycled through and reused constantly, therefore [[water]] is the most practical fluid for this cycle. This is not why many power plants are located near a body of water though, that's for the waste heat.

As the water condenses in the condenser, [[waste heat]] is given off in the form of [[water vapour]], which can be seen billowing from a plant's cooling towers. This waste heat is necessary in any thermodynamic cycle. Because of this condensation step, the pressure at the turbine outlet is lowered and therefore the pump requires less work to compress the water, meaning higher overall efficiencies.

[[File:BoilingWaterReactor.gif|200px|framed|center|Rankine cycle in a nuclear power plant.<ref>USNRC. (June 1, 2015). ''The Boiling Water Reactor'' [Online]. Available: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html</ref>]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]

Rankine cycle - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

Jmdonev at 16:10, 20 July 2018

J.williams: 1 revision imported

J.williams at 16:58, 12 August 2015