Sediment - Revision history

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10-15]]		[[Category:Done 2021-01-31]]
	[[File:Sediment_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(2).jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Sediment in the Gulf of Mexico.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 16, 2015). ''Sediment in the Gulf of Mexico'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Sediment_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(2).jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Sediment_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(2).jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Sediment in the Gulf of Mexico.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 16, 2015). ''Sediment in the Gulf of Mexico'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Sediment_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(2).jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Sediment''' is ~~some~~ [[solid]] material ~~- whether heavy or light -~~ that is moved by ~~some~~ [[~~force~~]] ~~and~~ deposited in a new location. ~~The general term used to refer to the force that moves~~ sediment is [[erosion]].</onlyinclude> ~~This erosion~~ is ~~described~~ as the ~~removal and transportation~~ of sediment. Sediment varies ~~drastically~~ in size, and can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a boulder. ~~Generally, sediment~~ is composed of rocks, minerals, and the remains of plants and animals.<ref name="RE1">National Geographic Education. (September 12, 2015). ''Sediment'' [Online]. Available: http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/sediment/</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Sediment''' is [[solid]] material that is moved around by natural processes, like [[wind]], [[water]], [[ice]], or [[gravity]]. This solid material is then deposited in a new location. This transport-and-deposition process of sediment is known as [[erosion]].</onlyinclude> The act of breaking down monolithic material into smaller pieces is known as [[weathering]]. Weathering and erosion together are the two processes responsible for the movement of sediment across the globe. Sediment varies in size and can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a boulder. Sediment is traditionally composed of rocks, minerals, and the remains of plants and animals.<ref name="RE1">National Geographic Education. (September 12, 2015). ''Sediment'' [Online]. Available: http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/sediment/</ref>

	Sediment in [[water]] is generally small, and is present in nearly every body of water. When sediment in water is floating it is known as '''suspended sediment'''. ~~Conversely, sediment~~ that settles on the bottom of a waterway is known as '''bedded sediment'''.<ref name="RE3"/>		Sediment in [[water]] is generally small, and is present in nearly every body of water. When sediment in water is floating it is known as '''suspended sediment'''. Sediment that settles on the bottom of a waterway is known as '''bedded sediment'''.<ref name="RE3"/>

	For a more in-depth exploration of sediment and its importance, click [http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/hydrology/sediment-transport-deposition/#std1a here].		For a more in-depth exploration of sediment and its importance, click [http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/hydrology/sediment-transport-deposition/#std1a here].

	==Movement==		==Movement==
	The process of moving sediment from one place to another through a variety of different mechanisms is known as sediment transport. Transport of sediment in moderate amounts is important for diverse [[ecosystem]]s to exist. ~~Generally speaking, the greater~~ the [[flow rate~~\|flow~~]] the ~~more~~ sediment ~~that is moved~~.<ref name="RE3">Fundamentals of Environmental Measures. (September 16, 2016). ''Sediment Transport and Deposition'' [Online]. Available: http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/hydrology/sediment-transport-deposition/</ref> Another name for sediment transport is sediment load.		The process of moving sediment from one place to another through a variety of different mechanisms is known as sediment transport. Transport of sediment in moderate amounts is important for diverse [[ecosystem]]s to exist. The amount of sediment that can be transported is dependent upon the [[flow rate]] of the fluid, with greater amounts of sediment able to be transported at higher flow rates. <ref name="RE3">Fundamentals of Environmental Measures. (September 16, 2016). ''Sediment Transport and Deposition'' [Online]. Available: http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/hydrology/sediment-transport-deposition/</ref> Another name for sediment transport is sediment load.

			[[File:DesertDunes01.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Figure 2. Sand Dunes in an arid climate.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 27 2020). "Rub' al Khali" [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rub_al_Khali_002.JPG</ref>]]
	===Air===		===Air===
	[[Wind]] is ~~one mechanism by which sediment can be moved~~. During a dust or sandstorm, wind can move dirt across a plane. Sand dunes are created when rocky sediment is worn down by wind and the sediment is deposited in one place.<ref name="RE1"/>		[[Wind]] can move large volumes of sediment, and this is the main erosive force in arid environments.<ref name="des">"Weathering and Erosional Processes in Deserts". (May 27, 2020) [Online]. Available:http://geologylearn.blogspot.com/2016/01/weathering-and-erosional-processes-in.html</ref> During a dust or sandstorm, wind can move dirt across a plane. Sand dunes are created when rocky sediment is worn down by wind and the sediment is deposited in one place.<ref name="RE1"/>


			[[File:AletschgletcherGlacier.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Figure 3. The long tracts of sediment following the flowlines of the glacier are moraines.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 27 2020). "Frosser Aletschgletscher" [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grosser_Aletschgletscher_3178.JPG</ref>]]
	===Ice===		===Ice===
	Glaciers can move ~~extremely~~ large ~~pieces of~~ sediment by ~~freezing them into~~ the glacier and ~~depositing them~~ elsewhere as the ice sheet moves across the landscape or melts. Sediment ~~from~~ glaciers is called ~~moraine~~.<ref name="RE1"/>		Glaciers can move large sediment blocks, as rocks or debris that fall onto a glacier will be incorporated by the glacier and transported as the glacier flows under [[gravity]]. This sediment gets deposited elsewhere as the ice sheet moves across the landscape or melts. Glaciers also produce incredibly fine-grained sediment known as '''rock flour''' at their base, as sediment that is stuck onto the bottom of the glacier gets ground against the bedrock below. Sediment piles deposited along the sides and at the toes of glaciers are called moraines.<ref name="RE1"/>

	===Water===		===Water===
	~~Water can wash medium or small sediment~~ from a river ~~into a delta~~. ~~Generally,~~ the ~~stronger~~ the flow of ~~the water the more~~ sediment ~~it will be able to move~~. If flow is ~~strong~~ enough, the motion of the water can suspend particles in the ~~water~~ as they move downstream or simply push them along the bottom of the waterway.<ref name="RE3"/>		As rain falls on land and makes its way to the nearest river, it picks up bits of dust and other fine particulate from the land surface and transports these particles into the river. Rivers then carry this sediment all the way to the ocean where sediment is commonly deposited to form deltas. Rivers with higher flow rates can transport larger amounts of sediment. If flow is fast enough, the motion of the water can suspend particles above the riverbed as they move downstream or simply push them along the bottom of the waterway.<ref name="RE3"/>

			==Ecological Importance==
			A certain amount of sediment movement is necessary for a healthy, evolving ecosystem. The movement of sediment from one place to another enriches ecosystems with new nutrients and shapes the landscape. The supplementation of nutrients through sediment movement is important in maintaining a strong degree of biodiversity.<ref name="bio">Covich, Alan. (May 27, 2020). "The importance of sediment for biodiversity" [Online]. Accesible: https://sednet.org/download/SpecialSession4-Summary.pdf</ref>

	=~~=Importance==~~		Too much sediment in an environment can have detrimental effects<ref name="sed">Government of Canada. (May 27 2020). "Water Pollution: erosion and sedimentation" [Online]. Accessible: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/water-overview/pollution-causes-effects/erosion-sedimentation.html</ref>. The presence of too much sediment in a body of water is known as sediment [[pollution]]. Although some sediment is introduced into water through natural erosion processes, human activities such as building, bridge, and roadway construction accelerate the transport of sediment into terrestrial waterways<ref name="sed"/>. Sediment pollution degrades water quality and clarity. Decreased water clarity can make it difficult for animals to see food beneath the surface and inhibits vegetation growth. Too much sediment in stream beds disrupts the natural food chain by destroying the habitat of extremely small stream organisms, which in turn impacts fish populations. Excess introduction of nutrients can result in harmful extreme algal blooms and [[eutrophication]].<ref name="RE2">US EPA. (September 16, 2016). ''What is Sediment Pollution?'' [Online]. Available: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/ksmo_sediment.pdf</ref>
	~~A certain amount~~ of sediment ~~movement~~ is ~~necessary for a healthy~~, ~~evolving ecosystem. The movement~~ of sediment ~~from one place~~ to ~~another enriches ecosystems with new nutrients~~ and ~~shapes landscapes~~ of ~~other areas~~. ~~The supplementation~~ of nutrients ~~through sediment movement results~~ in ~~areas that are very diverse - such as river deltas~~.<ref name="~~RE1~~"/>

	~~Although important, too much sediment in a body of water can be harmful. The presence of too much sediment in a body of water is known as sediment~~ [[~~pollution~~]]. Although some sediment is introduced into water by a process of natural erosion, the majority of sediment enters through accelerated erosion as a result of human activities, particularly construction activities. Sediment pollution degrades water quality and clarity. Decreased water clarity can make it difficult for animals to see their food in the water an prevents vegetation from growing in water. Too much sediment in stream beds disrupts the natural food chain by destroying the habitat of extremely small stream organisms - this in turn decreases fish populations. As well, although some introduction of nutrients through sediment is important, too many nutrients can result in harmful extreme algal blooms and [[~~eutrophication~~]]~~.<ref name="RE2">US EPA. (September 16, 2016). ''What is Sediment Pollution?''~~ [~~Online~~]~~. Available~~: ~~http://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/ksmo_sediment.pdf</ref>~~		==For Further Reading==
			*[[Gas]]
			*[[Hydrocarbon combustion]]
			*[[Greenhouse gas]]
			*[[Greenhouse effect]]
			*[[Carbon capture and storage]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[~~category~~: ~~Ed edit~~]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:18Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:47, 13 November 2015
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Jmdonev at 02:41, 22 September 2015

2015-09-22T02:41:00Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
[[File:Sediment_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(2).jpg|360px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Sediment in the Gulf of Mexico.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 16, 2015). ''Sediment in the Gulf of Mexico'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Sediment_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico_(2).jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Sediment''' is some [[solid]] material - whether heavy or light - that is moved by some [[force]] and deposited in a new location. The general term used to refer to the force that moves sediment is [[erosion]].</onlyinclude> This erosion is described as the removal and transportation of sediment. Sediment varies drastically in size, and can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a boulder. Generally, sediment is composed of rocks, minerals, and the remains of plants and animals.<ref name="RE1">National Geographic Education. (September 12, 2015). ''Sediment'' [Online]. Available: http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/sediment/</ref>

Sediment in [[water]] is generally small, and is present in nearly every body of water. When sediment in water is floating it is known as '''suspended sediment'''. Conversely, sediment that settles on the bottom of a waterway is known as '''bedded sediment'''.<ref name="RE3"/>

For a more in-depth exploration of sediment and its importance, click [http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/hydrology/sediment-transport-deposition/#std1a here].

==Movement==
The process of moving sediment from one place to another through a variety of different mechanisms is known as sediment transport. Transport of sediment in moderate amounts is important for diverse [[ecosystem]]s to exist. Generally speaking, the greater the [[flow rate|flow]] the more sediment that is moved.<ref name="RE3">Fundamentals of Environmental Measures. (September 16, 2016). ''Sediment Transport and Deposition'' [Online]. Available: http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/hydrology/sediment-transport-deposition/</ref> Another name for sediment transport is sediment load.

===Air===
[[Wind]] is one mechanism by which sediment can be moved. During a dust or sandstorm, wind can move dirt across a plane. Sand dunes are created when rocky sediment is worn down by wind and the sediment is deposited in one place.<ref name="RE1"/>

===Ice===
Glaciers can move extremely large pieces of sediment by freezing them into the glacier and depositing them elsewhere as the ice sheet moves across the landscape or melts. Sediment from glaciers is called moraine.<ref name="RE1"/>
===Water===
Water can wash medium or small sediment from a river into a delta. Generally, the stronger the flow of the water the more sediment it will be able to move. If flow is strong enough, the motion of the water can suspend particles in the water as they move downstream or simply push them along the bottom of the waterway.<ref name="RE3"/>

==Importance==
A certain amount of sediment movement is necessary for a healthy, evolving ecosystem. The movement of sediment from one place to another enriches ecosystems with new nutrients and shapes landscapes of other areas. The supplementation of nutrients through sediment movement results in areas that are very diverse - such as river deltas.<ref name="RE1"/>

Although important, too much sediment in a body of water can be harmful. The presence of too much sediment in a body of water is known as sediment [[pollution]]. Although some sediment is introduced into water by a process of natural erosion, the majority of sediment enters through accelerated erosion as a result of human activities, particularly construction activities. Sediment pollution degrades water quality and clarity. Decreased water clarity can make it difficult for animals to see their food in the water an prevents vegetation from growing in water. Too much sediment in stream beds disrupts the natural food chain by destroying the habitat of extremely small stream organisms - this in turn decreases fish populations. As well, although some introduction of nutrients through sediment is important, too many nutrients can result in harmful extreme algal blooms and [[eutrophication]].<ref name="RE2">US EPA. (September 16, 2016). ''What is Sediment Pollution?'' [Online]. Available: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/ksmo_sediment.pdf</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[category: Ed edit]]