Shale - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-07-21T01:12:57Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 02:07, 13 July 2018

2018-07-13T02:07:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:07, 13 July 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-06-11]]		[[Category:Done 2018-07-20]]
	[[File:640px-MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Broken pieces of shale rock.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Marcellus Shale Close Up'' [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_gas_in_the_United_States#/media/File:MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:640px-MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. Broken pieces of shale rock.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Marcellus Shale Close Up'' [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_gas_in_the_United_States#/media/File:MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Shale''' is a fine-grained [[sedimentary rock]] that is formed when silt and clay are compressed. It is composed of many thin layers, and it readily splits into thin pieces where these layers ~~meet - making~~ it a relatively brittle stone.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Geology.com. (May 25, 2015). ''Shale: Sedimentary Rock'' [Online]. Available: http://geology.com/rocks/shale.shtml</ref> Shale is composed of small grains and various minerals along with organic particles.		<onlyinclude>'''Shale''' is a fine-grained [[sedimentary rock]] that is formed when silt and clay are compressed. It is composed of many thin layers, and it readily splits into thin pieces where these layers meet—making it a relatively brittle stone.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Geology.com. (May 25, 2015). ''Shale: Sedimentary Rock'' [Online]. Available: http://geology.com/rocks/shale.shtml</ref> Shale is composed of small grains and various minerals along with organic particles.

	Black shales are the shales that contain organic matter and can break down to form [[natural gas]] or [[oil]]. They are all grey or black in colour.<ref name="RE1"/> Shale forms when layers of silt and mud collect and lithify (turn into rock). Specifically, lithified mud becomes stone and shale is thus known as "mudstone".<ref name="geo">Stephen Marshak. (May 25, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> The Barnett Shale, Marcellus Shale, Haynesville Shale, and Fayetteville Shale are large deposits of shale with natural gas.		Black shales are the shales that contain organic matter and can break down to form [[natural gas]] or [[oil]]. They are all grey or black in colour.<ref name="RE1"/> Shale forms when layers of silt and mud collect and lithify (turn into rock). Specifically, lithified mud becomes stone and shale is thus known as "mudstone".<ref name="geo">Stephen Marshak. (May 25, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> The Barnett Shale, Marcellus Shale, Haynesville Shale, and Fayetteville Shale are large deposits of shale with natural gas.

	==Conventional Oil and Natural Gas==		==Conventional Oil and Natural Gas==
	Black, organic shales are the [[source rock]] for oil and gas deposits, obtaining their colour from [[carbon]] particles. Oil and natural gas can migrate out of the shale, moving upwards where they are trapped within the pores of some other ~~rock - such~~ as sandstone. These deposits are known as '''conventional reservoirs''' since the fluid flows easily through the pores of the rock.<ref name="RE1"/>		Black, organic shales are the [[source rock]] for oil and gas deposits, obtaining their colour from [[carbon]] particles. Oil and natural gas can migrate out of the shale, moving upwards where they are trapped within the pores of some other rock—such as sandstone. These deposits are known as '''conventional reservoirs''' since the fluid flows easily through the pores of the rock.<ref name="RE1"/>

	Although drilling to extract oil and natural gas is possible, a large amount is still trapped inside the pore spaces of the shale. This oil and gas is difficult to remove, and it takes unconventional methods to access this oil and gas.		Although drilling to extract oil and natural gas is possible, a large amount is still trapped inside the pore spaces of the shale. This oil and gas is difficult to remove, and it takes unconventional methods to access this oil and gas.

	==Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas==		==Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas==
	Pore spaces in shale are extremely tiny, and because of this gas cannot easily move out of the shale. However, some gas can be released through [[hydraulic fracturing]], a method where water and chemicals are pumped down a well under pressure to fracture the shale. ~~As well~~, horizontal drilling was found to help with the release of natural gas trapped in shale.		Pore spaces in shale are extremely tiny, and because of this gas cannot easily move out of the shale. However, some gas can be released through [[hydraulic fracturing]], a method where water and chemicals are pumped down a well under pressure to fracture the shale. In addition, horizontal drilling was found to help with the release of natural gas trapped in shale.

	==Oil Shale==		==Oil Shale==
	[[Oil shale]] is rock that contains large amounts of [[kerogen]]. This type of shale forms when kerogen is buried at a depth of 2-4 [[kilometer]]s and can yield both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons if the rock is heated or treated with solvents.<ref name="geo"/> Although this resource does provide a source of fossil fuels, the process of extracting these hydrocarbons produces emissions and waste products that cause significant environmental concerns. Because of this the extensive oil shale deposits around the world are not actively used.		[[Oil shale]] is rock that contains large amounts of [[kerogen]]. This type of shale forms when kerogen is buried at a depth of 2-4 [[kilometer]]s and can yield both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons if the rock is heated or treated with solvents.<ref name="geo"/> Although this resource does provide a source of fossil fuels, the process of extracting these hydrocarbons produces emissions and waste products that cause significant environmental concerns. Because of this the extensive oil shale deposits around the world are not actively used.

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Shale gas]]
			*[[Shale oil]]
			*[[Sedimentary rock]]
			*[[Natural gas]]
			*[[Oil]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:39Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
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J.williams at 16:58, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:58:59Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-06-11]]
[[File:640px-MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. Broken pieces of shale rock.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (May 25, 2015). ''Marcellus Shale Close Up'' [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_gas_in_the_United_States#/media/File:MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Shale''' is a fine-grained [[sedimentary rock]] that is formed when silt and clay are compressed. It is composed of many thin layers, and it readily splits into thin pieces where these layers meet - making it a relatively brittle stone.</onlyinclude><ref name="RE1">Geology.com. (May 25, 2015). ''Shale: Sedimentary Rock'' [Online]. Available: http://geology.com/rocks/shale.shtml</ref> Shale is composed of small grains and various minerals along with organic particles.

Black shales are the shales that contain organic matter and can break down to form [[natural gas]] or [[oil]]. They are all grey or black in colour.<ref name="RE1"/> Shale forms when layers of silt and mud collect and lithify (turn into rock). Specifically, lithified mud becomes stone and shale is thus known as "mudstone".<ref name="geo">Stephen Marshak. (May 25, 2015). ''Earth: Portrait of a Planet'', 3rd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A:W.W. Norton & Company, 2008</ref> The Barnett Shale, Marcellus Shale, Haynesville Shale, and Fayetteville Shale are large deposits of shale with natural gas.

==Conventional Oil and Natural Gas==
Black, organic shales are the [[source rock]] for oil and gas deposits, obtaining their colour from [[carbon]] particles. Oil and natural gas can migrate out of the shale, moving upwards where they are trapped within the pores of some other rock - such as sandstone. These deposits are known as '''conventional reservoirs''' since the fluid flows easily through the pores of the rock.<ref name="RE1"/>

Although drilling to extract oil and natural gas is possible, a large amount is still trapped inside the pore spaces of the shale. This oil and gas is difficult to remove, and it takes unconventional methods to access this oil and gas.

==Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas==
Pore spaces in shale are extremely tiny, and because of this gas cannot easily move out of the shale. However, some gas can be released through [[hydraulic fracturing]], a method where water and chemicals are pumped down a well under pressure to fracture the shale. As well, horizontal drilling was found to help with the release of natural gas trapped in shale.

==Oil Shale==
[[Oil shale]] is rock that contains large amounts of [[kerogen]]. This type of shale forms when kerogen is buried at a depth of 2-4 [[kilometer]]s and can yield both liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons if the rock is heated or treated with solvents.<ref name="geo"/> Although this resource does provide a source of fossil fuels, the process of extracting these hydrocarbons produces emissions and waste products that cause significant environmental concerns. Because of this the extensive oil shale deposits around the world are not actively used.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]