Silicon - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-08-29T01:47:33Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 22:54, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T22:54:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 17 August 2017
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	[[Category:Done ~~2016~~-12-31]]		[[Category:Done 2017-07-01]]
	[[File:SILICON.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]		[[File:SILICON.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth\|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common [[compound]] of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO<sub>2</sub>. This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. Pure silicon is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius\|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/> Silicon can get quite pure, and even different [[isotope]]s can get quite pure. Special techniques are able to make silicon that is 99.9999% pure Si-28.<ref>See for example 'Beyond six nines: Ultra-enriched silicon paves the road to quantum computing' from phys.org, [online] http://phys.org/news/2014-08-nines-ultra-enriched-silicon-paves-road.html, accessed August 3rd, 2016.</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth\|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common compound of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO<sub>2</sub>.<ref><chem>SiO2</chem> in rocks is not quite as simple as a [[molecule]], so its referred to as a compound.</ref> This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. Pure silicon is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius\|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/> Silicon can get quite pure, and even different [[isotope]]s can get quite pure. Special techniques are able to make silicon that is 99.9999% pure Si-28.<ref>See for example 'Beyond six nines: Ultra-enriched silicon paves the road to quantum computing' from phys.org, [online] http://phys.org/news/2014-08-nines-ultra-enriched-silicon-paves-road.html, accessed August 3rd, 2016.</ref>

	Silicon is used extensively in [[electronics]] because of its [[semiconductor\|semiconducting]] properties. As well, silicon is used extensively in the [[energy sector]] as the primary component of [[solar panel]]s and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. Silicon is used primarily in its [[solid]] form. It is also combined frequently with other elements to produce a number of useful products.		Silicon is used extensively in [[electronics]] because of its [[semiconductor\|semiconducting]] properties. As well, silicon is used extensively in the [[energy sector]] as the primary component of [[solar panel]]s and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. Silicon is used primarily in its [[solid]] form. It is also combined frequently with other elements to produce a number of useful products.
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	Silicon is found in nature in the form of silicon dioxide (like some types of sand and many rocks). The extraction of silicon from silicon dioxide is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] to process high-grade silicon for computer chips or [[solar ~~cell~~]]s.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> This is an excellent example (along with [[aluminum]]) of a material that is limited far more by how much energy is needed to make the substance usable ([[embodied energy]]) than the [[elemental abundance\|abundance on the planet]]. In other words there will never be a shortage of silicon for any use that people have conceived of; the energy to process it will always be the limiting factor.		Silicon is found in nature in the form of silicon dioxide (like some types of sand and many rocks). The extraction of silicon from silicon dioxide is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] to process high-grade silicon for computer chips or [[solar panel]]s.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> This is an excellent example (along with [[aluminum]]) of a material that is limited far more by how much energy is needed to make the substance usable ([[embodied energy]]) than the [[elemental abundance\|abundance on the planet]]. In other words there will never be a shortage of silicon for any use that people have conceived of; the energy to process it will always be the limiting factor.

	==Uses==		==Uses==

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2017-01-08T23:36:28Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:36, 8 January 2017
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Jmdonev at 23:13, 20 November 2016

2016-11-20T23:13:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:13, 20 November 2016
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	[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]		[[Category:Done 2016-12-31]]
	[[File:SILICON.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]		[[File:SILICON.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth\|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common [[compound]] of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO<sub>2</sub>. This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. Pure silicon is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius\|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/> Silicon can get quite pure, and even different [[isotope]]s can get quite pure. Special techniques are able to make silicon that is 99.9999% pure Si-28.<ref>See for example 'Beyond six nines: Ultra-enriched silicon paves the road to quantum computing' from phys.org, [online] http://phys.org/news/2014-08-nines-ultra-enriched-silicon-paves-road.html, accessed August 3rd, 2016.</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth\|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common [[compound]] of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO<sub>2</sub>. This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. Pure silicon is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius\|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/> Silicon can get quite pure, and even different [[isotope]]s can get quite pure. Special techniques are able to make silicon that is 99.9999% pure Si-28.<ref>See for example 'Beyond six nines: Ultra-enriched silicon paves the road to quantum computing' from phys.org, [online] http://phys.org/news/2014-08-nines-ultra-enriched-silicon-paves-road.html, accessed August 3rd, 2016.</ref>
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	Silicon is found in nature in the form of silicon dioxide (like some types of sand and many rocks). The extraction of silicon from silicon dioxide is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] to process high-grade silicon for computer chips or [[solar cell]]s.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> This is an excellent example (along with [[aluminum]]) of a material that is limited far more by how much energy is needed to make the substance usable than the abundance on the planet. In other words there will never be a shortage of silicon for any use that people have conceived of; the energy to process it will always be the limiting factor.		Silicon is found in nature in the form of silicon dioxide (like some types of sand and many rocks). The extraction of silicon from silicon dioxide is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] to process high-grade silicon for computer chips or [[solar cell]]s.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> This is an excellent example (along with [[aluminum]]) of a material that is limited far more by how much energy is needed to make the substance usable ([[embodied energy]]) than the [[elemental abundance\|abundance on the planet]]. In other words there will never be a shortage of silicon for any use that people have conceived of; the energy to process it will always be the limiting factor.

	==Uses==		==Uses==
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	Additionally, silicon is an important ingredient in [[steel]] and silicon carbide is an extremely important abrasive.<ref name="RE2"/>		Additionally, silicon is an important ingredient in [[steel]] and silicon carbide is an extremely important abrasive.<ref name="RE2"/>

			==Video==
			The video below is from the University of Nottingham's [http://www.periodicvideos.com/ periodic videos project].<ref>See more videos from the University of Nottingham on different elements here: http://www.periodicvideos.com/</ref> They have created a complete suite of short videos on every element on the [[periodic table of elements]].

			<html>
			<iframe width="816" height="459" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/a2aWO5cL410" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
			</html>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported: From the summer

2016-09-17T22:29:37Z

1 revision imported: From the summer

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:29, 17 September 2016
(No difference)

Jmdonev at 21:37, 3 August 2016

2016-08-03T21:37:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:37, 3 August 2016
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2016-04-30]]
	[[File:SILICON.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]		[[File:SILICON.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth\|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common compound of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO<sub>2</sub>. This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. ~~Silicon~~ is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius\|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/>		<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements\|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth\|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common [[compound]] of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO<sub>2</sub>. This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. Pure silicon is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius\|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/> Silicon can get quite pure, and even different [[isotope]]s can get quite pure. Special techniques are able to make silicon that is 99.9999% pure Si-28.<ref>See for example 'Beyond six nines: Ultra-enriched silicon paves the road to quantum computing' from phys.org, [online] http://phys.org/news/2014-08-nines-ultra-enriched-silicon-paves-road.html, accessed August 3rd, 2016.</ref>

	Silicon is used extensively in electronics because of ~~it's~~ [[semiconductor\|semiconducting]] properties. As well, silicon is used extensively in the energy sector as the primary component of [[solar panel]]s and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. Silicon is used primarily in its [[solid]] form. It is also combined frequently with other elements to produce a number of useful products.		Silicon is used extensively in [[electronics]] because of its [[semiconductor\|semiconducting]] properties. As well, silicon is used extensively in the [[energy sector]] as the primary component of [[solar panel]]s and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. Silicon is used primarily in its [[solid]] form. It is also combined frequently with other elements to produce a number of useful products.

	Some properties of silicon include:<ref>Royal Society of Chemistry. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>		Some properties of silicon include:<ref>Royal Society of Chemistry. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>
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	\| '''[[Melting point]]''' \|\| 1687 K		\| '''[[Melting point]]''' \|\| 1687 K
	\|-		\|-
			\| '''[[Embodied energy]]'''<ref name=unep>UNEP. (August 19, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> \|\| 1000-1500 [[megajoule\|MJ]]/[[kilogram\|kg]]
	\|}		\|}

	The extraction of silicon is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] of high-grade silicon ~~extracted and processed~~.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref>		Silicon is found in nature in the form of silicon dioxide (like some types of sand and many rocks). The extraction of silicon from silicon dioxide is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] to process high-grade silicon for computer chips or [[solar cell]]s.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref> This is an excellent example (along with [[aluminum]]) of a material that is limited far more by how much energy is needed to make the substance usable than the abundance on the planet. In other words there will never be a shortage of silicon for any use that people have conceived of; the energy to process it will always be the limiting factor.

	==Uses==		==Uses==
	Since silicon has so many different forms that it appears in, it is very useful. When in the form of sand or clay, silicon can be used to make brick and other building materials. As a silicate, silicon is used for making enamels and pottery. Silica, another form of silicon, is the main ingredient in glass and can also be used in mechanical devices.<ref name="RE2">Los Alamos National Laboratory. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://periodic.lanl.gov/14.shtml</ref>		Since silicon has so many different forms that it appears in, it is very useful. When in the form of sand or clay, silicon can be used to make brick and other building materials. As a silicate, silicon is used for making enamels and pottery. Silica, another form of silicon, is the main ingredient in glass and can also be used in mechanical devices.<ref name="RE2">Los Alamos National Laboratory. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://periodic.lanl.gov/14.shtml</ref>

	Extremely pure silicon is useful as a semiconductor when [[doping\|doped]] with [[boron]], [[gallium]], [[phosphorus]], or [[arsenic]]. This doped material is then used in [[diode]]s, [[transistor]]s, and rectifiers. As well, this doped semiconducting material is the main component of photovoltaic ~~cells~~, the cells that solar ~~panels~~ are made out of. The ~~transistors~~ created with this material can be used in microprocessor chips in computers and other advanced [[technology\|technologies]].<ref name="RE2"/>		Extremely pure silicon is useful as a semiconductor when [[doping\|doped]] with [[boron]], [[gallium]], [[phosphorus]], or [[arsenic]]. This doped material is then used in [[diode]]s, [[transistor]]s, and rectifiers. As well, this doped semiconducting material is the main component of [[photovoltaic cell]]s, the cells that [[solar panel]]s are made out of. The [[transistor]]s created with this material can be used in microprocessor chips in computers and other advanced [[technology\|technologies]].<ref name="RE2"/>

	Additionally, silicon is an important ingredient in steel and silicon carbide is an extremely important abrasive.<ref name="RE2"/>		Additionally, silicon is an important ingredient in [[steel]] and silicon carbide is an extremely important abrasive.<ref name="RE2"/>

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:21:56Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:21, 3 September 2015
(No difference)

Jhanania at 20:05, 31 August 2015

2015-08-31T20:05:57Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
[[File:SILICON.png|200px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Silicon, [[atomic number]] of 14 and [[atomic weight]] of 28.0855.<ref>Made with information from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Silicon''' ('''Si''') is the 14th [[element]] on the [[periodic table of elements|periodic table]].<ref name="RE1">Jefferson Lab. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele014.html</ref> Silicon is the seventh most abundant element in the universe, and it is very common on Earth. In the [[Cross section of the Earth|Earth's crust]], silicon is the second most abundant element.</onlyinclude> The most common compound of silicon is silicon dioxide, or SiO2. This compound is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust, and it takes the form of ordinary sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal. Silicon is produced by heating silicon dioxide with [[carbon]] at [[temperature]]s approaching [[Celsius|2200°C]].<ref name="RE1"/>

Silicon is used extensively in electronics because of it's [[semiconductor|semiconducting]] properties. As well, silicon is used extensively in the energy sector as the primary component of [[solar panel]]s and [[photovoltaic cell]]s. Silicon is used primarily in its [[solid]] form. It is also combined frequently with other elements to produce a number of useful products.

Some properties of silicon include:<ref>Royal Society of Chemistry. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/14/silicon</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''[[Atomic weight]]''' || 28.0855
|-
| '''[[Density]]''' (at 0oC) || 2.3296 [[gram|g]]/[[centimeter|cm3]]
|-
| '''[[Boiling point]]''' || 3538 [[Kelvin|K]]
|-
| '''[[Melting point]]''' || 1687 K
|-
|}

The extraction of silicon is extremely energy intensive; it requires 1000-1500 [[megajoule]]s of [[primary energy]] per [[kilogram]] of high-grade silicon extracted and processed.<ref>UNEP. (August 31, 2015). ''Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles'' [Online]. Available: https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/metals/3_Environmental_Challenges_Metals-Full%20Report_36dpi_130923.pdf#96</ref>

==Uses==
Since silicon has so many different forms that it appears in, it is very useful. When in the form of sand or clay, silicon can be used to make brick and other building materials. As a silicate, silicon is used for making enamels and pottery. Silica, another form of silicon, is the main ingredient in glass and can also be used in mechanical devices.<ref name="RE2">Los Alamos National Laboratory. (August 25, 2015). ''Silicon'' [Online]. Available: http://periodic.lanl.gov/14.shtml</ref>

Extremely pure silicon is useful as a semiconductor when [[doping|doped]] with [[boron]], [[gallium]], [[phosphorus]], or [[arsenic]]. This doped material is then used in [[diode]]s, [[transistor]]s, and rectifiers. As well, this doped semiconducting material is the main component of photovoltaic cells, the cells that solar panels are made out of. The transistors created with this material can be used in microprocessor chips in computers and other advanced [[technology|technologies]].<ref name="RE2"/>

Additionally, silicon is an important ingredient in steel and silicon carbide is an extremely important abrasive.<ref name="RE2"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}