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[[File:ICS Silurian.jpg|thumb|right|Figure 1. ICS Silurian timeline<ref name=ICS12>International Commission on Stratigraphy."International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2015" Accessed Nov.12, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/science/Pridoli-Series/media/475883/133199</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>The '''Silurian''' was the third geological [[Geologic time scale|period]] of the [[Paleozoic]] era, extending from approximately 443.8 million to 419.2 million years ago.</onlyinclude> It is divided into four [[Geologic epoch|epochs]]: the Pridoli, the Ludlow, the Wenlock, and the Llandovery (Figure 1).<ref name=ICS>International Commission on Stratigraphy."International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2018" Accessed Nov.8, 2018 [Online]. Available: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale</ref> The Silurian is named after the Silures, a Welsh border tribe, by Roderick Murchison (British geologist) in 1839.<ref name=GTS>Gradstein, F. M. "The Geologic Time Scale 2012". Volume 2. 1st ed. Amsterdam ; Boston: Elsevier, 2012.</ref>

Following the Ordovician-Silurian extinction event (Figure 2) and the major [[glaciation]]s at the end of the [[Ordovician]], [[biodiversity]] made a rapid recovery and many new species developed.<ref name=GTS/> Fishes species, both fresh and saltwater, exploded in number(Figure 3). The first jawed fish appeared, marking an important evolutionary step for later vertebrates. Life on land is definitely established by this time, with early relatives of spiders and centipedes appearing. Vascular [[plant]]s first clearly appeared in the Silurian, which are the predecessors of many of today's modern plants (Figure 4).<ref name=UCB>University of California, Museum of Paleontology."The Silurian Period" Accessed Nov.12, 2018 [Online]. Available: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/silurian/silurian.php</ref>

The Silurian was marked by a dynamic, constantly changing [[climate]] and strong fluctuations in [[sea level change|sea level]].<ref name=GTS/> The melting Ordovician glaciers led to sea level rising and many shallow seas developing. Shallow seas are more easily warmed than deep seas, encouraging the development of many species. [[Plate tectonics|Tectonic plate]] movement was not as drastic as in previous periods but mountain-building events and the establishment of more varied marine habitats were occurring.<ref name=UCB/>

<gallery mode=packed widths="400px" heights="200px">
File:Ordovicium-Silurian bound.jpg|Figure 2. Ordovician strata overlying darker Silurian strata.<ref>WikiMedia Commons."File:Ordovicium-Silurian.jpg" Accessed Nov.18, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ordovicium-Silurian.jpg</ref>
File:Silurianfishes ntm 1905 smit 1929.gif|Figure 3. Silurian fish artist rendition.<ref>WikiMedia Commons."File:Silurianfishes ntm 1905 smit 1929.gif" Accessed Nov.18, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silurianfishes_ntm_1905_smit_1929.gif</ref>
File:Cooksonia.png|Figure 4. Cooksonia, an early vascular plant.<ref>WikiMedia Commons."File:Cooksonia.png" Accessed Nov.18, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cooksonia.png</ref>
</gallery>

[[File:ChronostratChart2018-08.jpg|800px|thumb|center|Figure 5. The ICS Chronostratigraphic Chart<ref name=ICS/>]]

==For Further Reading==
*[[Geologic time scale]]
*[[Geologic period]]
*[[Supercontinent]]
*[[Biodiversity]]
*[[Stratigraphy]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
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Silurian - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2dev>Jmdonev at 17:41, 19 November 2018