Smoke - Revision history

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2dev>Jmdonev at 02:23, 2 December 2018

2018-12-02T02:23:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:23, 2 December 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-06]]		[[Category:Done 2018-12-10]] [[Category: Rudi grade Ashley edit]]
	[[File:Smoke_column_-_High_Park_Wildfire (1).jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A column of smoke from a wildfire.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 12, 2015) ''Smoke Column'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Smoke_column_-_High_Park_Wildfire.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Smoke_column_-_High_Park_Wildfire (1).jpg\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A column of smoke from a wildfire.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 12, 2015) ''Smoke Column'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Smoke_column_-_High_Park_Wildfire.jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Smoke''' is a visible collection of a variety of [[solid]], [[liquid]], and [[gas]] [[particle]]s left unburned during the [[combustion]] process.</onlyinclude> It is possible for smoke to contain a large number of different [[chemical]]s and fumes, although visible smoke is mostly [[carbon]] or ''[[soot]]'', [[tar]], [[oil]]s, and [[ash]].<ref name="RE1">ScienceLearn. (September 12, 2015). ''What is smoke?'' [Online]. Available: http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Fire/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/What-is-smoke</ref> Because of its long list of components, smoke can contain a variety of different [[pollutant]]s.		<onlyinclude>'''Smoke''' is a visible collection of a variety of [[solid]], [[liquid]], and [[gas]] [[particle]]s left unburned during the [[combustion]] process.</onlyinclude>(Figure 1) It is possible for smoke to contain a large number of different [[chemical]]s and fumes, although visible smoke is mostly [[carbon]] or ''[[soot]]'', [[tar]], [[oil]]s, and [[ash]].<ref name="RE1">ScienceLearn. (September 12, 2015). ''What is smoke?'' [Online]. Available: http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Fire/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/What-is-smoke</ref> Because of its long list of components, smoke can contain a variety of different [[pollutant]]s.

	Smoke is created when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion. This simply means that there is not enough [[oxygen]] present when the material is burned to completely burn the [[fuel]].<ref name="RE1"/> Instead of only [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water vapour]] being created, incomplete combustion can result in the production of [[soot]], smoke, and ash. There are a variety of different sources of smoke, including:		Smoke is created when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion. This simply means that there is not enough [[oxygen]] present when the material is burned to completely burn the [[fuel]].<ref name="RE1"/> Instead of only [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water vapour]] being created, incomplete combustion can result in the production of [[soot]], smoke, and ash. There are a variety of different sources of smoke, including:
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	* Cigarettes		* Cigarettes

	~~However, it~~ is important to note that cigarette smoke is not completely the same as smoke from wildfires or other "conventional" fires as there are significantly more hazardous chemicals released from cigarettes.		It is important to note that cigarette smoke is not completely the same as smoke from wildfires or other "conventional" fires as there are significantly more hazardous chemicals released from cigarettes.

	==Composition==		==Composition==
	Depending on the fuel that is being burned smoke can contain a wide variety of different components. Generally speaking smoke always contains carbon, oils, and ash as they ~~make up the large component of the~~ smoke ~~that makes it~~ visible. In a fire containing only [[wood]], the smoke created contains [[volatile organic compound]]s that evaporate from the wood. ~~In addition to this, the~~ smoke contains carbon - the main component of the wood - water vapour, and minerals that existed in the tree's cells such as [[calcium]], [[potassium]], and [[magnesium]]. Since these minerals do not burn, they ~~are what makes~~ up the ash. Any other substances, such as plastics, that are burned introduce hazardous chemicals to the smoke that depend strongly on the composition of the substance itself.		Depending on the fuel that is being burned smoke can contain a wide variety of different components. Generally speaking, smoke always contains carbon, oils, and ash as they are what makes smoke visible. In a fire containing only [[wood]], the smoke created contains [[volatile organic compound]]s that evaporate from the wood. The smoke also contains carbon (the main component of the wood), water vapour, and minerals that existed in the tree's cells such as [[calcium]], [[potassium]], and [[magnesium]]. Since these minerals do not burn, they make up the ash that is also produced. Any other substances, such as plastics, that are burned introduce hazardous chemicals to the smoke that depend strongly on the composition of the substance itself.

	Smoke from cigarettes is much more complex in its composition, and often [[carcinogen]]ic. ~~However, it~~ can include chemical components such as [[carbon monoxide]], hydrogen cyanide, [[nitrogen oxide]]s, formaldehyde, [[benzene]], nicotine, and [[~~polyaromatic~~ hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>Cancer Control. (September 12, 2015). ''Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease'' [Online]. Available: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/TCRB/monographs/7/m7_5.pdf</ref>		Smoke from cigarettes is much more complex in its composition, and often [[carcinogen]]ic. It can include chemical components such as [[carbon monoxide]], hydrogen cyanide, [[nitrogen oxide]]s, formaldehyde, [[benzene]], nicotine, and [[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>Cancer Control. (September 12, 2015). ''Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease'' [Online]. Available: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/TCRB/monographs/7/m7_5.pdf</ref>

	==Health Effects==		==Health Effects==
	Exposure to different types of smoke can result in different health effects. ~~For example, mild~~ exposure to smoke from forest fires or a campfire is generally not extraordinarily harmful to health, ~~but~~ exposure to secondhand smoke from a cigarette is more harmful. General smoke from wildfires and other wood based fires can make it difficult to breathe, and exposure to it can ~~make~~ existing heart and lung conditions ~~worse~~. Symptoms of smoke exposure can cause sore eyes, tears, cough, and a runny nose. Lung problems can develop if exposure is high and excessive smoke exposure can result in death.<ref>Government of Manitoba. (September 12, 2015). ''Exposure to Smoke'' [Online]. Available: http://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/environmentalhealth/smoke.html</ref>		Exposure to different types of smoke can result in different health effects. Mild exposure to smoke from forest fires or a campfire is generally not extraordinarily harmful to health, whereas exposure to secondhand smoke from a cigarette is more harmful. General smoke from wildfires and other wood-based fires can make it difficult to breathe, and exposure to it can aggravate existing heart and lung conditions. Symptoms of smoke exposure can cause sore eyes, tears, cough, and a runny nose. Lung problems can develop if exposure is high and excessive smoke exposure can result in death.<ref>Government of Manitoba. (September 12, 2015). ''Exposure to Smoke'' [Online]. Available: http://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/environmentalhealth/smoke.html</ref>

	Smoke from cigarettes is especially harmful as it contains over 7,000 chemicals, hundreds of which are toxic and around 70 can [[carcinogen\|cause cancer]].<ref name=CDC>CDC. (September 12, 2015). ''Secondhand Smoke Health Effects'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/</ref> Exposure to secondhand smoke can result in more frequent and ~~sever~~ asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and an increased risk of developing heart disease and lung cancer. ~~As well, exposure~~ to cigarette smoke drastically increases stroke risk.		Smoke from cigarettes is especially harmful as it contains over 7,000 chemicals; hundreds of which are toxic and around 70 can [[carcinogen\|cause cancer]].<ref name=CDC>CDC. (September 12, 2015). ''Secondhand Smoke Health Effects'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/</ref> Exposure to secondhand smoke can result in more frequent and severe asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and an increased risk of developing heart disease and lung cancer. Exposure to cigarette smoke drastically increases stroke risk.

	Exposure to smoke during a house fire is extremely dangerous, and smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of indoor fires. About 75% of home fire victims die as a result of smoke inhalation, not burns.<ref name="RE1"/> Depending on what is being burned, smoke that is generated during combustion can be toxic or irritating. For example, when plastics are burned they produce soot along with poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.<ref name="RE1"/> Any additional chemicals produced from burning different materials introduces a new set of health effects associated directly ~~withe~~ exposure to that chemical.		Exposure to smoke during a house fire is extremely dangerous, and smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of indoor fires. About 75% of home fire victims die as a result of smoke inhalation, not burns.<ref name="RE1"/> Depending on what is being burned, smoke that is generated during combustion can be toxic or irritating. For example, when plastics are burned they produce soot along with poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.<ref name="RE1"/> Any additional chemicals produced from burning different materials introduces a new set of health effects associated directly with exposure to that chemical.

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Combustion]]
			*[[Fire]]
			*[[Oxygen]]
			*[[Ash]]
			*[[Soot]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:52:24Z

1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 18:21, 13 September 2015

2015-09-13T18:21:58Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]
[[File:Smoke_column_-_High_Park_Wildfire (1).jpg|400px|framed|right|Figure 1. A column of smoke from a wildfire.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 12, 2015) ''Smoke Column'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Smoke_column_-_High_Park_Wildfire.jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Smoke''' is a visible collection of a variety of [[solid]], [[liquid]], and [[gas]] [[particle]]s left unburned during the [[combustion]] process.</onlyinclude> It is possible for smoke to contain a large number of different [[chemical]]s and fumes, although visible smoke is mostly [[carbon]] or ''[[soot]]'', [[tar]], [[oil]]s, and [[ash]].<ref name="RE1">ScienceLearn. (September 12, 2015). ''What is smoke?'' [Online]. Available: http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Fire/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/What-is-smoke</ref> Because of its long list of components, smoke can contain a variety of different [[pollutant]]s.

Smoke is created when a substance undergoes incomplete combustion. This simply means that there is not enough [[oxygen]] present when the material is burned to completely burn the [[fuel]].<ref name="RE1"/> Instead of only [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water vapour]] being created, incomplete combustion can result in the production of [[soot]], smoke, and ash. There are a variety of different sources of smoke, including:
* [[Fire]]s (including wildfires, campfires, industrial fires, candles, fireplaces)
* Cooking devices (including wood-burning stoves or barbecues)
* Pest control activities (fumigation)
* Cigarettes

However, it is important to note that cigarette smoke is not completely the same as smoke from wildfires or other "conventional" fires as there are significantly more hazardous chemicals released from cigarettes.

==Composition==
Depending on the fuel that is being burned smoke can contain a wide variety of different components. Generally speaking smoke always contains carbon, oils, and ash as they make up the large component of the smoke that makes it visible. In a fire containing only [[wood]], the smoke created contains [[volatile organic compound]]s that evaporate from the wood. In addition to this, the smoke contains carbon - the main component of the wood - water vapour, and minerals that existed in the tree's cells such as [[calcium]], [[potassium]], and [[magnesium]]. Since these minerals do not burn, they are what makes up the ash. Any other substances, such as plastics, that are burned introduce hazardous chemicals to the smoke that depend strongly on the composition of the substance itself.

Smoke from cigarettes is much more complex in its composition, and often [[carcinogen]]ic. However, it can include chemical components such as [[carbon monoxide]], hydrogen cyanide, [[nitrogen oxide]]s, formaldehyde, [[benzene]], nicotine, and [[polyaromatic hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>Cancer Control. (September 12, 2015). ''Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease'' [Online]. Available: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/TCRB/monographs/7/m7_5.pdf</ref>

==Health Effects==
Exposure to different types of smoke can result in different health effects. For example, mild exposure to smoke from forest fires or a campfire is generally not extraordinarily harmful to health, but exposure to secondhand smoke from a cigarette is more harmful. General smoke from wildfires and other wood based fires can make it difficult to breathe, and exposure to it can make existing heart and lung conditions worse. Symptoms of smoke exposure can cause sore eyes, tears, cough, and a runny nose. Lung problems can develop if exposure is high and excessive smoke exposure can result in death.<ref>Government of Manitoba. (September 12, 2015). ''Exposure to Smoke'' [Online]. Available: http://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/environmentalhealth/smoke.html</ref>

Smoke from cigarettes is especially harmful as it contains over 7,000 chemicals, hundreds of which are toxic and around 70 can [[carcinogen|cause cancer]].<ref name=CDC>CDC. (September 12, 2015). ''Secondhand Smoke Health Effects'' [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/</ref> Exposure to secondhand smoke can result in more frequent and sever asthma attacks, respiratory infections, ear infections, and an increased risk of developing heart disease and lung cancer. As well, exposure to cigarette smoke drastically increases stroke risk.

Exposure to smoke during a house fire is extremely dangerous, and smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of indoor fires. About 75% of home fire victims die as a result of smoke inhalation, not burns.<ref name="RE1"/> Depending on what is being burned, smoke that is generated during combustion can be toxic or irritating. For example, when plastics are burned they produce soot along with poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.<ref name="RE1"/> Any additional chemicals produced from burning different materials introduces a new set of health effects associated directly withe exposure to that chemical.

==References==
{{reflist}}