Soot - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2019-01-04T18:14:52Z

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2dev>Jmdonev at 03:39, 6 October 2018

2018-10-06T03:39:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:39, 6 October 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-10~~-15~~]]		[[Category:Done 2018-12-10]]
			[[Category: Rudi grade Ashley edit]]
	[[File:Soot,_roet.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Black soot.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 8, 2015). ''Soot Roet'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Soot,_roet.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Soot,_roet.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Black soot.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 8, 2015). ''Soot Roet'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Soot,_roet.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Soot''', sometimes called lampblack or [[carbon]] black, is a fine black or brown powder that can be slightly sticky and is a product of incomplete [[combustion]].</onlyinclude> A major component of soot is '''black carbon''' (see below). Since soot is sticky, it tends to stick to exhaust pipes and [[chimney]]s where the combustion occurs.<ref name="RE1">WiseGeek. (September 8, 2015). ''What is Soot?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-soot.htm</ref> In [[pollution]] terms, soot is the common term for a type of [[particle]] pollution known as PM 2.5, which is [[particulate matter]] 2.5 [[meter\|micrometer]]s in diameter or smaller. Soot is composed of a variety of [[chemical]]s and its exact composition depends strongly on what is being burned.<ref name="RE2">Center for American Progress. (September 12, 2015). ''Soot Pollution 101'' [Online]. Available: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/08/10/12007/soot-pollution-101/</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Soot''', sometimes called lampblack or [[carbon]] black, is a fine black or brown powder that can be slightly sticky and is a product of incomplete [[combustion]].</onlyinclude> A major component of soot is '''black carbon''' (see below). Since soot is sticky, it tends to stick to exhaust pipes and [[chimney]]s where the combustion occurs.<ref name="RE1">WiseGeek. (September 8, 2015). ''What is Soot?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-soot.htm</ref> In [[pollution]] terms, soot is the common term for a type of [[particle]] pollution known as PM 2.5, which is [[particulate matter]] 2.5 [[meter\|micrometer]]s in diameter or smaller. Soot is composed of a variety of [[chemical]]s and its exact composition depends strongly on what is being burned.<ref name="RE2">Center for American Progress. (September 12, 2015). ''Soot Pollution 101'' [Online]. Available: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/08/10/12007/soot-pollution-101/</ref>

	The formation of soot can be a problem. In places such as chimneys, the formation of soot can result in ~~clogs as a~~ clogged ~~chimney~~ cannot draw out [[smoke]] as efficiently. This can lead to smokey fires or the [[efficiency\|inefficient]] use of [[fuel]]. If soot is allowed to build up in the chimney for too long, it can cause a [[fire]]. ~~In addition to this~~, soot is a pollutant and has a range of [[environmental impact\|environmental]] and health effects.		The formation of soot can be a problem. In places such as chimneys, the formation of soot can result in clogged chimneys that cannot draw out [[smoke]] as efficiently. This can lead to smokey fires or the [[efficiency\|inefficient]] use of [[fuel]]. If soot is allowed to build up in the chimney for too long, it can cause a [[fire]]. Additionally, soot is a pollutant and has a range of [[environmental impact\|environmental]] and health effects.

	===Black carbon===		===Black carbon===

	A major component of soot is '''black carbon'''~~. It is the strongest~~ light~~-absorbing material out~~ of ~~all~~ particulate matter~~, and~~ can absorb 1 million times more [[energy]] than the same [[mass]] of [[carbon dioxide]].<Ref name=epa4>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (accessed September 26, 2015). ''Black Carbon'' [Online], Available: http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/basic.html</ref> This absorption of energy and its interaction with clouds means that black carbon is a major concern for [[climate change]]. It is linked to higher [[temperature]]s and melting of ice and snow, particularly in sensitive regions such as the Arctic and the Himalayas.<ref name=epa10>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Effects of Black Carbon'' [Online], Available: http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/effects.html</ref>		A major component of soot is '''black carbon''' which absorbs more light than any other form of particulate matter. Black carbon can absorb 1 million times more [[energy]] than the same [[mass]] of [[carbon dioxide]].<Ref name=epa4>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (accessed September 26, 2015). ''Black Carbon'' [Online], Available: http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/basic.html</ref> This absorption of energy and its interaction with clouds means that black carbon is a major concern for [[climate change]]. It is linked to higher [[temperature]]s and melting of ice and snow, particularly in sensitive regions such as the Arctic and the Himalayas.<ref name=epa10>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Effects of Black Carbon'' [Online], Available: http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/effects.html</ref>

	<center>For more information on black carbon, visit the [http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/index.html U.S. EPA].</center>		<center>For more information on black carbon, visit the [http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/index.html U.S. EPA].</center>
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	==Uses==		==Uses==
	Although a somewhat harmful byproduct of combustion, soot can be used as a pigment for inks and dyes (in fact both lampblack and carbon black are dyes made of soot). ~~As well, soot~~ is used in a vulcanization process to treat rubber, and is used in toners for laser printers and copiers. Historically, soot was a component of cosmetics and used for camouflage paint.<ref name="RE1"/>		Although a somewhat harmful byproduct of combustion, soot can be used as a pigment for inks and dyes (in fact both lampblack and carbon black are dyes made of soot). Soot is used in a vulcanization process to treat rubber, and is used in toners for laser printers and copiers. Historically, soot was a component of cosmetics and used for camouflage paint.<ref name="RE1"/>

	==Side Effects==		==Side Effects==
	~~Similarly~~ to smoke or [[ash]], soot can be harmful to human health when inhaled. The incomplete combustion necessary to produce soot results in the formation of [[dioxin]]s and other toxic compounds~~. Additionally, the formation of soot and other forms of particulate matter is dangerous as they cause health problems when inhaled~~.<ref name="RE1"/> ~~Because the~~ particulate matter ~~in soot is so small~~ it ~~can~~ easily enter the lungs and bloodstream. This can cause serious effects including heart attacks, bronchitis, aggravated asthma, strokes, and even premature death.<ref name="RE2"/>		Similar to smoke or [[ash]], soot can be harmful to human health when inhaled. The incomplete combustion necessary to produce soot results in the formation of [[dioxin]]s and other toxic compounds ].<ref name="RE1"/> The small size of particulate matter allows it to easily enter the lungs and bloodstream. This can cause serious effects including heart attacks, bronchitis, aggravated asthma, strokes, and even premature death.<ref name="RE2"/>

	There are several harmful environmental side effects associated with soot. Soot causes haze, which decreases visibility dramatically. ~~As well, some~~ of the compounds in soot - primarily [[SOx\|sulfur dioxides]] and [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] - react in the air with moisture to form [[acid rain]]. This can then fall and acidify lakes and rivers, harming a variety of different [[ecosystem]]s.<ref name="RE2"/>		There are several harmful environmental side effects associated with soot. Soot causes haze, which decreases visibility dramatically. Some of the compounds in soot - primarily [[SOx\|sulfur dioxides]] and [[NOx\|nitrogen oxides]] - react in the air with moisture to form [[acid rain]]. This can then fall and acidify lakes and rivers, harming a variety of different [[ecosystem]]s.<ref name="RE2"/>

			==For Further Reading==
			*[[Pollution]]
			*[[Fossil fuel]]
			*[[Coal]]
			*[[Fuel]]
			*[[Combustion]]
			*Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-11-13T01:47:28Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 01:47, 13 November 2015
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Jmdonev at 22:21, 29 September 2015

2015-09-29T22:21:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:21, 29 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]		[[Category:Done 2015-10-15]]
	[[File:Soot,_roet.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Black soot.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 8, 2015). ''Soot Roet'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Soot,_roet.jpg</ref>]]		[[File:Soot,_roet.jpg\|360px\|thumb\|right\|Figure 1. Black soot.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 8, 2015). ''Soot Roet'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Soot,_roet.jpg</ref>]]
	<onlyinclude>'''Soot''', sometimes called lampblack or [[carbon]] black, is a fine black or brown powder that can be slightly sticky and is a product of incomplete [[combustion]].</onlyinclude> Since it is sticky, it tends to stick to exhaust pipes and [[chimney]]s where the combustion occurs.<ref name="RE1">WiseGeek. (September 8, 2015). ''What is Soot?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-soot.htm</ref> In [[pollution]] terms, soot is the common term for a type of [[particle]] pollution known as PM 2.5, which is [[particulate matter]] 2.5 [[meter\|micrometer]]s in diameter or smaller. Soot is composed of a variety of [[chemical]]s and its exact composition depends strongly on what is being burned.<ref name="RE2">Center for American Progress. (September 12, 2015). ''Soot Pollution 101'' [Online]. Available: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/08/10/12007/soot-pollution-101/</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Soot''', sometimes called lampblack or [[carbon]] black, is a fine black or brown powder that can be slightly sticky and is a product of incomplete [[combustion]].</onlyinclude> A major component of soot is '''black carbon''' (see below). Since soot is sticky, it tends to stick to exhaust pipes and [[chimney]]s where the combustion occurs.<ref name="RE1">WiseGeek. (September 8, 2015). ''What is Soot?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-soot.htm</ref> In [[pollution]] terms, soot is the common term for a type of [[particle]] pollution known as PM 2.5, which is [[particulate matter]] 2.5 [[meter\|micrometer]]s in diameter or smaller. Soot is composed of a variety of [[chemical]]s and its exact composition depends strongly on what is being burned.<ref name="RE2">Center for American Progress. (September 12, 2015). ''Soot Pollution 101'' [Online]. Available: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/08/10/12007/soot-pollution-101/</ref>

	The formation of soot can be a problem. In places such as chimneys, the formation of soot can result in clogs as a clogged chimney cannot draw out [[smoke]] as efficiently. This can lead to smokey fires or the [[efficiency\|inefficient]] use of [[fuel]]. If soot is allowed to build up in the chimney for too long, it can cause a [[fire]]. In addition to this, soot is a pollutant and has a range of [[environmental impact\|environmental]] and health effects.		The formation of soot can be a problem. In places such as chimneys, the formation of soot can result in clogs as a clogged chimney cannot draw out [[smoke]] as efficiently. This can lead to smokey fires or the [[efficiency\|inefficient]] use of [[fuel]]. If soot is allowed to build up in the chimney for too long, it can cause a [[fire]]. In addition to this, soot is a pollutant and has a range of [[environmental impact\|environmental]] and health effects.

			===Black carbon===

			A major component of soot is '''black carbon'''. It is the strongest light-absorbing material out of all particulate matter, and can absorb 1 million times more [[energy]] than the same [[mass]] of [[carbon dioxide]].<Ref name=epa4>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (accessed September 26, 2015). ''Black Carbon'' [Online], Available: http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/basic.html</ref> This absorption of energy and its interaction with clouds means that black carbon is a major concern for [[climate change]]. It is linked to higher [[temperature]]s and melting of ice and snow, particularly in sensitive regions such as the Arctic and the Himalayas.<ref name=epa10>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (Accessed September 26, 2015). ''Effects of Black Carbon'' [Online], Available: http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/effects.html</ref>

			<center>For more information on black carbon, visit the [http://www3.epa.gov/airquality/blackcarbon/index.html U.S. EPA].</center>

	==Formation==		==Formation==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-18T16:52:26Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:52, 18 September 2015
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Jmdonev at 03:38, 14 September 2015

2015-09-14T03:38:22Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-09-06]]
[[File:Soot,_roet.jpg|360px|thumb|right|Figure 1. Black soot.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (September 8, 2015). ''Soot Roet'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Soot,_roet.jpg</ref>]]
<onlyinclude>'''Soot''', sometimes called lampblack or [[carbon]] black, is a fine black or brown powder that can be slightly sticky and is a product of incomplete [[combustion]].</onlyinclude> Since it is sticky, it tends to stick to exhaust pipes and [[chimney]]s where the combustion occurs.<ref name="RE1">WiseGeek. (September 8, 2015). ''What is Soot?'' [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-soot.htm</ref> In [[pollution]] terms, soot is the common term for a type of [[particle]] pollution known as PM 2.5, which is [[particulate matter]] 2.5 [[meter|micrometer]]s in diameter or smaller. Soot is composed of a variety of [[chemical]]s and its exact composition depends strongly on what is being burned.<ref name="RE2">Center for American Progress. (September 12, 2015). ''Soot Pollution 101'' [Online]. Available: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/08/10/12007/soot-pollution-101/</ref>

The formation of soot can be a problem. In places such as chimneys, the formation of soot can result in clogs as a clogged chimney cannot draw out [[smoke]] as efficiently. This can lead to smokey fires or the [[efficiency|inefficient]] use of [[fuel]]. If soot is allowed to build up in the chimney for too long, it can cause a [[fire]]. In addition to this, soot is a pollutant and has a range of [[environmental impact|environmental]] and health effects.

==Formation==
Soot forms as a result of incomplete [[combustion]]. To achieve incomplete combustion instead of complete combustion, the fuel must burn at a lower [[temperature]] with a slightly reduced supply of [[oxygen]]. When the fuel burns, it breaks into small particles that include soot, which settles out as a dark powdery deposit.

[[File:combustion_of_methane.jpg|780px|thumbnail|center|Figure 2. Complete combustion of methane, resulting carbon dioxide, water and heat with no soot.<ref name="image">American Chemical Society. "Methane and oxygen react". Internet: http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter6/lesson1, [October 25,2013]</ref>]]

The formation of soot is an issue as it is one of the byproducts of [[fossil fuel]] combustion - particularly from [[coal]]. It is emitted by a wide range of sources both industrial and residential, and enters the [[air]] causing [[air pollution]].<ref name="RE2"/>

==Uses==
Although a somewhat harmful byproduct of combustion, soot can be used as a pigment for inks and dyes (in fact both lampblack and carbon black are dyes made of soot). As well, soot is used in a vulcanization process to treat rubber, and is used in toners for laser printers and copiers. Historically, soot was a component of cosmetics and used for camouflage paint.<ref name="RE1"/>

==Side Effects==
Similarly to smoke or [[ash]], soot can be harmful to human health when inhaled. The incomplete combustion necessary to produce soot results in the formation of [[dioxin]]s and other toxic compounds. Additionally, the formation of soot and other forms of particulate matter is dangerous as they cause health problems when inhaled.<ref name="RE1"/> Because the particulate matter in soot is so small it can easily enter the lungs and bloodstream. This can cause serious effects including heart attacks, bronchitis, aggravated asthma, strokes, and even premature death.<ref name="RE2"/>

There are several harmful environmental side effects associated with soot. Soot causes haze, which decreases visibility dramatically. As well, some of the compounds in soot - primarily [[SOx|sulfur dioxides]] and [[NOx|nitrogen oxides]] - react in the air with moisture to form [[acid rain]]. This can then fall and acidify lakes and rivers, harming a variety of different [[ecosystem]]s.<ref name="RE2"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}