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[[File:nalgene-1-liter-hard-plastic-water-bottle.jpg|300px|thumb|right|framed|Figure 1: A Nalgene water bottle that can hold 1 liter of water.]]
<onlyinclude>The '''specific volume''' of a substance ('''<math>ν</math>''') is defined as the ratio of the substance's volume (<math>V</math>) to its mass (<math>m</math>). Specific volume is measured in units of [[cubic meter]]s per [[kilogram]] (m3/kg) or [[liter]]s per kilogram (L/kg).</onlyinclude><ref name=nasa>"Specific Volume", NASA. [Online]. Available: https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/specvol.html. [Accessed: 13- May- 2021].</ref>

[[File:water-bottle-sports-drinks-in-different-styles.jpg-9_.jpg|300px|thumb|right|framed|Figure 2: 1 Liter water bottles lined up in a row. 1 kg of air would take up 820 water bottles and would reach a length of approximately 75 meters, 3/4 of the length of a football (soccer) field.]]

For example, the specific volume of water is 1.0 L/kg. This means that 1 kg of water takes up 1 liter of space. A liter of water can fit into a standard water bottle, such as a Nalgene. In contrast, the specific volume of air is 820 L/kg. This means that 1 kg of air takes up 820 liters of space.<ref name=eng>"Water - Specific Volume", The Engineering Toolbox. [Online]. Available: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-specific-volume-weight-d_661.html. [Accessed: 13- May- 2021].</ref> Since 1 liter of air can fit into a water bottle, we would need 820 water bottles of air to equal 1 kilogram. If you lined up 820 water bottles, it would be approximately <math>\frac{3}{4}</math> of the length of a soccer field. This is to say that the specific volume can be drastically different for various substances such as water and air.

Because specific volume is per unit mass, its value does not depend on sample size. Thus, it is an [[intensive property]] of matter.<ref>"Specific Volume Definition and Examples", Science Notes and Projects, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://sciencenotes.org/specific-volume-definition-and-examples/. [Accessed: 05- May- 2021].</ref> The formula for specific volume is shown below:

<center><math>ν = \frac{V}{m}</math></center> where:
*<math>ν</math> is the [[specific volume]]
*<math>V</math> is the [[volume]] of substance (in cubic meters)
*<math>m</math> is the [[mass]] of the substance (in kilograms)

This equation applies to all states of matter; [[solid]], [[liquid]], and [[gas]].

Specific volume can also be thought of as the reciprocal of [[density]] (<math>ρ</math>):<ref name=eng/>

<center><math>ν = \frac{1}{ρ}</math></center>

This equation mainly applies to liquids and gases. Since specific volume and density are inverses of each other, a substance with a high density will have a low specific volume. For example, a substance with a density of 500 kg/m3 will have a specific volume of 0.002 m3/kg.<ref>Jeff Haby, "What is specific volume?", The Weather Prediction. [Online]. Available: https://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints2/477/. [Accessed: 05- May- 2021].</ref>

When calculating the specific volume of a gas, the [[ideal gas law]] can be applied. Since <math>pV=nRT</math> and <math>n=\frac{m}{M}</math>, then:

<center><math>ν = \frac{RT}{pM}</math></center> where:
*<math>ν</math> is the [[specific volume]]
*<math>R</math> is the [[ideal gas constant]]
*<math>T</math> is the [[temperature]]
*<math>p</math> is the [[pressure]], and
*<math>M</math> is the [[molar mass]]

==Further Reading==
*[[Volume]]
*[[Mass]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Ideal gas law]]
*Or explore a [[Special:Random|random page]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]

Specific volume - Revision history

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energy>Jmdonev at 18:06, 26 May 2021