Static electricity - Revision history

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

2018-05-18T22:53:11Z

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Jmdonev at 21:57, 11 May 2018

2018-05-11T21:57:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:57, 11 May 2018
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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-06-11]]		[[Category:Done 2018-05-18]]
	[[File:staticplay.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A child on a playground is seen to have experienced static electricity due to contact with the slide.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Static_on_the_playground_(48616367).jpg</ref>]]		[[File:staticplay.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 1. A child on a playground is seen to have experienced static electricity due to contact with the slide.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Static_on_the_playground_(48616367).jpg</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Static electricity''' is the imbalance of [[electric charge]] on a surface of a material. Static means ''fixed'' or ''stationary'', therefore it is used in contrast to dynamic (moving) [[electricity]] in the form of ~~electric~~ [[current]]s.</onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>'''Static electricity''' is the imbalance of [[electric charge]] on a surface of a material. Static means ''fixed'' or ''stationary'', therefore it is used in contrast to dynamic (moving) [[electricity]] which are in the form of [[electric current]]s.</onlyinclude>

	Typically [[atom]]s are neutral, which means ~~that~~ they have the same number of [[electron]]s and [[proton]]s. However atoms become charged when there is an imbalance in the amounts of these particles, which can happen fairly easily for certain materials. The ability for a material to hold on to its electrons determines its place in the "triboelectric series".<ref name=hsw>HowStuffWorks, ''Static Electricity'' [Online], Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/vdg1.htm</ref> The farther two materials are ranked in this series, the more noticeable the charge separation is when they come in contact. For example glass and silk are relatively far apart in this series, so when glass is rubbed with silk it will lose many electrons to the silk, and static electricity can be observed.<ref name=hsw/>		Typically [[atom]]s are neutral, which means they have the same number of [[electron]]s and [[proton]]s. However atoms become charged when there is an imbalance in the amounts of these particles, which can happen fairly easily for certain materials. The ability for a material to hold on to its electrons determines its place in the "triboelectric series".<ref name=hsw>HowStuffWorks, ''Static Electricity'' [Online], Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/vdg1.htm</ref> The farther two materials are ranked in this series, the more noticeable the charge separation is when they come in contact. For example glass and silk are relatively far apart in this series, so when glass is rubbed with silk it will lose many electrons to the silk, and static electricity can be observed.<ref name=hsw/>

	===Charging===		===Charging===
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	<html><iframe src="http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html" width="810" height="459"></iframe></html>		<html><iframe src="http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html" width="810" height="459"></iframe></html>

			== For Further Reading ==
			For further information please see the related pages below:
			*[[Electric charge]]
			*[[Electric current]]
			*[[Coulomb]]
			*[[Electric generator]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\| random page!]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:40Z

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J.williams at 16:59, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T16:59:06Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-06-11]]
[[File:staticplay.jpg|300px|thumb|Figure 1. A child on a playground is seen to have experienced static electricity due to contact with the slide.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Static_on_the_playground_(48616367).jpg</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Static electricity''' is the imbalance of [[electric charge]] on a surface of a material. Static means ''fixed'' or ''stationary'', therefore it is used in contrast to dynamic (moving) [[electricity]] in the form of electric [[current]]s.</onlyinclude>

Typically [[atom]]s are neutral, which means that they have the same number of [[electron]]s and [[proton]]s. However atoms become charged when there is an imbalance in the amounts of these particles, which can happen fairly easily for certain materials. The ability for a material to hold on to its electrons determines its place in the "triboelectric series".<ref name=hsw>HowStuffWorks, ''Static Electricity'' [Online], Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/vdg1.htm</ref> The farther two materials are ranked in this series, the more noticeable the charge separation is when they come in contact. For example glass and silk are relatively far apart in this series, so when glass is rubbed with silk it will lose many electrons to the silk, and static electricity can be observed.<ref name=hsw/>

===Charging===
[[File:balloont.gif|300px|thumb|Figure 2. Charge-induced separation.<ref>Science made simple, ''Static electricity'' [Online], Available: http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.htm</ref>]]

Charge separation of two objects can be induced in several different ways.

*'''Contact-induced separation''' is accomplished by rubbing two objects together, since objects in contact form a [[chemical]] bond known as [[adhesion]]. Adhesion is the tendency for different surfaces to cling to one another. [[Friction]] is often assumed to be the cause of this static charging, but friction is actually caused by adhesion and shockingly has no influence on charge separation.<ref>HowStuffWorks, ''It's Not Friction'' [Online], Available: http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/vdg2.htm</ref>

*'''Heat and Pressure-induced separation''' occurs when certain types of crystals or ceramics have a stress applied to them, or are heated.

*'''Charge-induced separation''' occurs when a charged object is brought close to a neutral one. The charges inside of the neutral object of the ''same'' polarity as the charged object will be repelled while charges of the ''opposite'' polarity will be attracted to it. This causes the once neutral object to have an imbalance of charge. This can be seen in Figure 2.

===Discharging===
[[File:Lightning_hits_tree.jpg|240px|thumb|Figure 3. Lightning is the discharge of static build-up in thunder clouds.<ref>Wikimedia Commons [Online], Available:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Lightning_hits_tree.jpg</ref>]]

Once an object has built up a charge imbalance, it will naturally want to become neutral once again. This happens by what is called '''discharging''', which can commonly be felt by a shock when it happens to a person. Contact-induced charging is the most commonly experienced form of static electricity build up, as can be accomplished by rubbing ones feet on the carpet. Once enough charge is built up, there is a high enough [[voltage]] needed to cause the charge to jump from the person to a nearby doorknob leaving the person discharged and, if they weren't ready for it, quite shocked.

This same charge build-up and discharge process occurs in clouds to create lightning, and can be explored on [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/lightning.html Hyperphysics].

==PhET Simulation==

The [http://phet.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado] has graciously allowed us to use the following PhET simulation. This simulation shows how charges get separated (but are neither created nor destroyed) when a balloon rubs on a person's sweater.

<html><iframe src="http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html" width="810" height="459"></iframe></html>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]