Thermal mass - Revision history

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	[[Category:Done ~~2015~~-09-05]]		[[Category:Done 2026-06-01]] [[File:Illust_passive_solar_d2_319pxW.gif\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram of a [[Trombe wall]]. This setup would utilize thermal mass on the far right wall to trap heat inside.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 6, 2015). ''Trombe Wall'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illust_passive_solar_d2_319pxW.gif</ref>]]
	[[File:Illust_passive_solar_d2_319pxW.gif\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram of a [[Trombe wall]]~~, this~~ setup would utilize thermal mass on the far right wall to trap heat in.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 6, 2015). ''Trombe Wall'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illust_passive_solar_d2_319pxW.gif</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Thermal mass''' ~~refers to the~~ material ~~inside a building~~ that can help reduce ~~the~~ [[temperature]] fluctuations throughout ~~the course of~~ the day~~; thus reducing the heating and cooling demand of the building itself~~.~~</onlyinclude>~~ Thermal mass materials achieve this effect by absorbing heat during periods of high solar [[insolation]], and releasing heat when the surrounding air begins to cool. When incorporated into [[passive solar heating and cooling]] technologies, thermal mass can play a ~~large~~ role in reducing a ~~buildings~~ energy use.		<onlyinclude>'''Thermal mass''' is a material property that can help reduce [[temperature]] fluctuations throughout the day. Thermal mass materials achieve this effect by absorbing heat during periods of high solar [[insolation]], and releasing heat when the surrounding air begins to cool. When incorporated into [[passive solar heating and cooling]] technologies, thermal mass can play a significant role in reducing a building's energy use. As such, it is a property that helps reduce heating and cooling demand of buildings.</onlyinclude>

	==Properties of thermal mass==		==Properties of thermal mass==
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	* high material [[density]]		* high material [[density]]

	Heat capacity ~~of a substance~~ is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of an object by ~~a given amount~~. The SI unit for heat capacity is [[Joule]] per [[Kelvin]] ('''J/K'''). The total amount of energy stored by a thermal mass system is proportional to the size of the system or material, therefore [[specific heat capacity]] ('''J/~~m<sup>2</sup>~~K'''), heat capacity per unit mass, and [[volumetric heat capacity]] ('''J/m<sup>3</sup>K'''), heat capacity per unit of volume, are common metrics used to determine a good thermal mass material.		Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of an object by one degree Kelvin. The SI unit for heat capacity is [[Joule]] per [[Kelvin]] ('''J/K'''). The total amount of energy stored by a thermal mass system is proportional to the size of the system or material, therefore [[specific heat capacity]] ('''J/kg K'''), heat capacity per unit mass, and [[volumetric heat capacity]] ('''J/m<sup>3</sup>K'''), heat capacity per unit of volume, are common metrics used to determine a good thermal mass material.

	==Thermal mass materials==		==Thermal mass materials==
	Listed below is a table of common building materials, their heat capacity, density, and ~~specific~~ heat capacity. As mentioned earlier ~~a good material for~~ thermal mass should have a high volumetric heat capacity.		Listed below is a table of common building materials, their heat capacity, density, and volumetric heat capacity. As mentioned earlier, an optimal thermal mass material should have a high volumetric heat capacity.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Selected heat capacities of different materials<ref>Build Green Canada. (August 28, 2015). ''An explanation of thermal mass'' [Online]. Available: http://www.buildgreen.ca/2008/09/an-explanation-of-thermal-mass/</ref>		\|+Selected heat capacities of different materials<ref>Build Green Canada. (August 28, 2015). ''An explanation of thermal mass'' [Online]. Available: http://www.buildgreen.ca/2008/09/an-explanation-of-thermal-mass/</ref>
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	\|}		\|}

	Water has very attractive thermal mass properties, and can be an attractive material for passive solar design~~; however~~ potential issues with water leakage and damage detour it's widespread use as a thermal mass storage medium. Concrete and brick have relatively high volumetric heat ~~capacity~~ and are common building materials. When used correctly with a [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|solar wall]] or [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|trombe wall]] ~~building~~ heating and cooling energy consumption can be greatly reduced.		Water has very attractive thermal mass properties and can be an attractive material for passive solar design. However, potential issues with water leakage and damage detour it's widespread use as a thermal mass storage medium. Concrete and brick have relatively high volumetric heat capacities and are common building materials. When used correctly with a [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|solar wall]] or [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|trombe wall]], heating and cooling energy consumption can be greatly reduced.

	===Phase change materials===		===Phase change materials===
	Traditional thermal mass materials use [[sensible heat]] to store and release passive energy from solar [[insolation]]. [[Phase change]] materials utilize latent heat storage and can absorb the same amount of solar energy ~~using~~ a much smaller volume ~~of material~~.<ref>F. Kuznik, D. David, K. Johannes, and J.-J. Roux, “A review on phase change materials integrated in building walls,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 379–391, Jan. 2011.</ref> As temperature increases, the material changes phases from solid to liquid~~, this~~ is an [[endothermic]] reaction ~~therefore it absorbs heat~~. When the surroundings cool (at night) the material changes from liquid to solid, an [[exothermic]] reaction~~, releasing the stored~~ heat into the building. The use of phase change materials is a relatively new concept in building science, there are ~~a lot of~~ different materials being used for ~~many different~~ applications.		Traditional thermal mass materials use [[sensible heat]] to store and release passive energy from solar [[insolation]]. [[Phase change]] materials utilize latent heat storage and can absorb the same amount of solar energy in a much smaller volume.<ref>F. Kuznik, D. David, K. Johannes, and J.-J. Roux, “A review on phase change materials integrated in building walls,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 379–391, Jan. 2011.</ref> As temperature increases, the material changes phases from solid to liquid. This is an [[endothermic]] reaction. When the surroundings cool (at night) the material changes from liquid to solid, an [[exothermic]] reaction. Stored heat is released into the building. The use of phase change materials is a relatively new concept in building science and there are many different materials being used for a wide array of applications.

	==Thermal mass and climate==		==Thermal mass and climate==
	During warm weather ~~conditions~~ thermal mass can absorb heat gained from sunlight. This will make ~~the~~ interior space more comfortable, and greatly reduce ~~the~~ cooling demand and cost of air conditioning. During the night as a building cools the stored heat energy is ~~then~~ released into the ~~building~~ interior space reducing the heating demand. Thermal mass is most beneficial in climates where there is a large fluctuation between ~~the~~ daytime, and nighttime ambient temperatures. In areas with high nighttime temperatures thermal mass can still be utilized, the building must ~~then~~ be ventilated at night with the cooler night air to exhaust the stored heat energy.<ref>G. P. Henze, T. H. Le, A. R. Florita, and C. Felsmann, “Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Building Thermal Mass Control,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 129, no. 4, p. 473, 2007. 129, no. 4, p. 473, 2007. </ref>		During warm weather, thermal mass can absorb heat gained from sunlight. This will make interior space more comfortable, and greatly reduce cooling demand and the cost of air conditioning. During the night, a building cools and the stored heat energy is released into the interior space, reducing the heating demand. Thermal mass is most beneficial in climates where there is a large fluctuation between daytime and nighttime ambient temperatures. In areas with high nighttime temperatures, thermal mass can still be utilized, but the building must be ventilated at night with the cooler night air to exhaust the stored heat energy.<ref>G. P. Henze, T. H. Le, A. R. Florita, and C. Felsmann, “Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Building Thermal Mass Control,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 129, no. 4, p. 473, 2007. 129, no. 4, p. 473, 2007. </ref>

			==For Further Reading==
			* [[Thermal insulation]]
			* [[Heat transfer]]
			* [[Energy efficiency]]
			* [[Thermal efficiency]]
			* [[Thermal convection]]
			* Or explore a [[Special:Random\|random page]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-09-03T18:23:07Z

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Jmdonev at 20:41, 2 September 2015

2015-09-02T20:41:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 2 September 2015
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	[[Category:Done 2015-04-~~01]] [[Category: Check Images~~]]		[[Category:Done 2015-09-05]]
	[[File:~~Solar-passive~~.~~jpg~~\|~~500px~~\|~~thumbnail~~\|right\|~~Passive solar design with~~ thermal mass <ref>~~K. Gibson~~. (~~2009~~). ~~Thermal mass~~ [Online]. Available at: ~~http~~://~~www~~.~~oocities~~.org/~~kevgibson~~/~~thermal_mass~~.~~htm~~</ref>]]		[[File:Illust_passive_solar_d2_319pxW.gif\|400px\|framed\|right\|Figure 1. A diagram of a [[Trombe wall]], this setup would utilize thermal mass on the far right wall to trap heat in.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (August 6, 2015). ''Trombe Wall'' [Online]. Available: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Illust_passive_solar_d2_319pxW.gif</ref>]]

	<onlyinclude>'''Thermal mass''' refers to the material inside a building that can help reduce the [[temperature]] fluctuations throughout the course of the day; thus reducing the heating and cooling demand of the building itself.</onlyinclude> Thermal mass materials achieve this effect by absorbing heat during periods of high solar [[insolation]], and releasing heat when the surrounding air begins to cool. When incorporated into [[passive solar heating and cooling]] technologies, thermal mass can play a large role in reducing a buildings energy use.		<onlyinclude>'''Thermal mass''' refers to the material inside a building that can help reduce the [[temperature]] fluctuations throughout the course of the day; thus reducing the heating and cooling demand of the building itself.</onlyinclude> Thermal mass materials achieve this effect by absorbing heat during periods of high solar [[insolation]], and releasing heat when the surrounding air begins to cool. When incorporated into [[passive solar heating and cooling]] technologies, thermal mass can play a large role in reducing a buildings energy use.
Line 10:		Line 10:
	* high material [[density]]		* high material [[density]]

	Heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of an object by a given amount. The SI unit for heat capacity is [[Joule per Kelvin]] ('''J/K'''). The total amount of energy stored by a thermal mass system is proportional to the size of the system or material, therefore [[specific heat capacity]] ('''J/m<sup>2</sup>K'''), heat capacity per unit mass, and [[volumetric heat capacity]] ('''J/m<sup>3</sup>K'''), heat capacity per unit of volume, are common metrics used to determine a good thermal mass material.		Heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of an object by a given amount. The SI unit for heat capacity is [[Joule]] per [[Kelvin]] ('''J/K'''). The total amount of energy stored by a thermal mass system is proportional to the size of the system or material, therefore [[specific heat capacity]] ('''J/m<sup>2</sup>K'''), heat capacity per unit mass, and [[volumetric heat capacity]] ('''J/m<sup>3</sup>K'''), heat capacity per unit of volume, are common metrics used to determine a good thermal mass material.

	==Thermal mass materials==		==Thermal mass materials==
	Listed below is a table of common building materials, their heat capacity, density, and specific heat capacity. As mentioned earlier a good material for thermal mass should have a high volumetric heat capacity.		Listed below is a table of common building materials, their heat capacity, density, and specific heat capacity. As mentioned earlier a good material for thermal mass should have a high volumetric heat capacity.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Selected heat capacities of different materials<ref>(~~2008~~, ~~May 10~~). An explanation of thermal mass [Online]. Available at: http://www.buildgreen.ca/2008/09/an-explanation-of-thermal-mass/</ref>		\|+Selected heat capacities of different materials<ref>Build Green Canada. (August 28, 2015). ''An explanation of thermal mass'' [Online]. Available: http://www.buildgreen.ca/2008/09/an-explanation-of-thermal-mass/</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	! Material !! Heat Capacity ('''J/K''') !! Density ('''kg/m<sup>3</sup>''') !! Volumetric Heat <br> Capacity ('''MJ/m<sup>3</sup>K''')		! Material !! Heat Capacity ('''J/K''') !! Density ('''kg/m<sup>3</sup>''') !! Volumetric Heat <br> Capacity ('''MJ/m<sup>3</sup>K''')
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	Water has very attractive thermal mass properties, and can be an attractive material for passive solar design; however potential issues with water leakage and damage detour it's widespread use as a thermal mass storage medium. Concrete and brick have relatively high volumetric heat capacity and are common building materials. When used correctly with a [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|solar wall]] or [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|trombe wall]] building heating and cooling energy consumption can be greatly reduced.		Water has very attractive thermal mass properties, and can be an attractive material for passive solar design; however potential issues with water leakage and damage detour it's widespread use as a thermal mass storage medium. Concrete and brick have relatively high volumetric heat capacity and are common building materials. When used correctly with a [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|solar wall]] or [[Passive solar heating and cooling\|trombe wall]] building heating and cooling energy consumption can be greatly reduced.

	[[File:Thermal_Mass_Trend.jpg\|500px\|thumbnail\|right\|Thermal mass daily energy trend <ref>(2013). Thermal mass and title 24 [Online]. Available at: http://www.title24express.com/what-is-title-24/title-24-thermal-mass/</ref>]]
	===Phase change materials===		===Phase change materials===
	Traditional thermal mass materials use [[sensible heat]] to store and release passive energy from solar [[insolation]]. [[Phase change]] materials utilize latent heat storage and can absorb the same amount of solar energy using a much smaller volume of material.<ref>F. Kuznik, D. David, K. Johannes, and J.-J. Roux, “A review on phase change materials integrated in building walls,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 379–391, Jan. 2011.</ref> As temperature increases, the material changes phases from solid to liquid, this is an [[endothermic]] reaction therefore it absorbs heat. When the surroundings cool (at night) the material changes from liquid to solid, an [[exothermic]] reaction, releasing the stored heat into the building. The use of phase change materials is a relatively new concept in building science, there are a lot of different materials being used for many different applications.		Traditional thermal mass materials use [[sensible heat]] to store and release passive energy from solar [[insolation]]. [[Phase change]] materials utilize latent heat storage and can absorb the same amount of solar energy using a much smaller volume of material.<ref>F. Kuznik, D. David, K. Johannes, and J.-J. Roux, “A review on phase change materials integrated in building walls,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 379–391, Jan. 2011.</ref> As temperature increases, the material changes phases from solid to liquid, this is an [[endothermic]] reaction therefore it absorbs heat. When the surroundings cool (at night) the material changes from liquid to solid, an [[exothermic]] reaction, releasing the stored heat into the building. The use of phase change materials is a relatively new concept in building science, there are a lot of different materials being used for many different applications.

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:43Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:31, 26 August 2015
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J.williams at 17:00, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T17:00:15Z

New page

[[Category:Done 2015-04-01]] [[Category: Check Images]]
[[File:Solar-passive.jpg|500px|thumbnail|right|Passive solar design with thermal mass <ref>K. Gibson. (2009). Thermal mass [Online]. Available at: http://www.oocities.org/kevgibson/thermal_mass.htm</ref>]]

<onlyinclude>'''Thermal mass''' refers to the material inside a building that can help reduce the [[temperature]] fluctuations throughout the course of the day; thus reducing the heating and cooling demand of the building itself.</onlyinclude> Thermal mass materials achieve this effect by absorbing heat during periods of high solar [[insolation]], and releasing heat when the surrounding air begins to cool. When incorporated into [[passive solar heating and cooling]] technologies, thermal mass can play a large role in reducing a buildings energy use.

==Properties of thermal mass==
An ideal material for thermal mass will have:

* high [[heat capacity]]
* high material [[density]]

Heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of an object by a given amount. The SI unit for heat capacity is [[Joule per Kelvin]] ('''J/K'''). The total amount of energy stored by a thermal mass system is proportional to the size of the system or material, therefore [[specific heat capacity]] ('''J/m2K'''), heat capacity per unit mass, and [[volumetric heat capacity]] ('''J/m3K'''), heat capacity per unit of volume, are common metrics used to determine a good thermal mass material.

==Thermal mass materials==
Listed below is a table of common building materials, their heat capacity, density, and specific heat capacity. As mentioned earlier a good material for thermal mass should have a high volumetric heat capacity.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Selected heat capacities of different materials<ref>(2008, May 10). An explanation of thermal mass [Online]. Available at: http://www.buildgreen.ca/2008/09/an-explanation-of-thermal-mass/</ref>
|-
! Material !! Heat Capacity ('''J/K''') !! Density ('''kg/m3''') !! Volumetric Heat Capacity ('''MJ/m3K''')
|-
| Water || 4.18 || 1000 || 4.18
|-
| Gypsum || 1.09 || 1602 || 1.746
|-
| Air || 1.0035 || 1.204 || 0.0012
|-
| Concrete || 0.88 || 2371 || 2.086
|-
| Brick || 0.84 || 2301 || 2.018
|-
| Limestone || 0.84 || 2611 || 2.193
|-
| Granite || 0.79 || 2691 || 2.125
|-
| Wood || 0.42 || 550 || 0.231
|}

Water has very attractive thermal mass properties, and can be an attractive material for passive solar design; however potential issues with water leakage and damage detour it's widespread use as a thermal mass storage medium. Concrete and brick have relatively high volumetric heat capacity and are common building materials. When used correctly with a [[Passive solar heating and cooling|solar wall]] or [[Passive solar heating and cooling|trombe wall]] building heating and cooling energy consumption can be greatly reduced.

[[File:Thermal_Mass_Trend.jpg|500px|thumbnail|right|Thermal mass daily energy trend <ref>(2013). Thermal mass and title 24 [Online]. Available at: http://www.title24express.com/what-is-title-24/title-24-thermal-mass/</ref>]]
===Phase change materials===
Traditional thermal mass materials use [[sensible heat]] to store and release passive energy from solar [[insolation]]. [[Phase change]] materials utilize latent heat storage and can absorb the same amount of solar energy using a much smaller volume of material.<ref>F. Kuznik, D. David, K. Johannes, and J.-J. Roux, “A review on phase change materials integrated in building walls,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 379–391, Jan. 2011.</ref> As temperature increases, the material changes phases from solid to liquid, this is an [[endothermic]] reaction therefore it absorbs heat. When the surroundings cool (at night) the material changes from liquid to solid, an [[exothermic]] reaction, releasing the stored heat into the building. The use of phase change materials is a relatively new concept in building science, there are a lot of different materials being used for many different applications.

==Thermal mass and climate==
During warm weather conditions thermal mass can absorb heat gained from sunlight. This will make the interior space more comfortable, and greatly reduce the cooling demand and cost of air conditioning. During the night as a building cools the stored heat energy is then released into the building interior space reducing the heating demand. Thermal mass is most beneficial in climates where there is a large fluctuation between the daytime, and nighttime ambient temperatures. In areas with high nighttime temperatures thermal mass can still be utilized, the building must then be ventilated at night with the cooler night air to exhaust the stored heat energy.<ref>G. P. Henze, T. H. Le, A. R. Florita, and C. Felsmann, “Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Building Thermal Mass Control,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 129, no. 4, p. 473, 2007. 129, no. 4, p. 473, 2007. </ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]