Unconventional resource - Revision history

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	<onlyinclude>'''Unconventional resources''' are [[~~resource~~]]~~s, generally~~ [[~~oil~~]] or [[~~natural gas~~]] ~~resources~~, that ~~do not appear~~ in ~~traditional~~ formations ~~and must use~~ specialized extraction or production techniques to ~~obtain fuel from~~ the ~~deposit~~.</onlyinclude> For oil and gas, conventional deposits are [[porosity\|porous]] and [[permeability\|permeable]] ~~rocks below ground that contain tiny connected~~ pore spaces that contain oil or natural gas.<ref name="RE1">Alberta Energy Regulator. (June 3, 2015). ''What is Unconventional Oil and Gas?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.aer.ca/about-aer/spotlight-on/unconventional-regulatory-framework/what-is-unconventional-oil-and-gas</ref> Generally, these resources are ~~locked~~ in geological structures where extraction is not economically ~~or technologically~~ feasible, ~~however with technological advancements~~ these ~~can turn into~~ viable [[fossil fuel]] [[reserve]]s.<ref name=wolfson>Richard Wolfson. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A: 2012.</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Unconventional resources''' are [[oil]] or [[natural gas]] [[resource]]s, that occur in geological formations requiring specialized extraction or production techniques to recover the hydrocarbon economically. </onlyinclude> For oil and gas, conventional deposits are [[porosity\|porous]] and [[permeability\|permeable]] underground rock formations with interconnected pore spaces that contain oil or natural gas.<ref name="RE1">Alberta Energy Regulator. (June 3, 2015). ''What is Unconventional Oil and Gas?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.aer.ca/about-aer/spotlight-on/unconventional-regulatory-framework/what-is-unconventional-oil-and-gas</ref> Generally, these resources are trapped in geological structures where extraction is not economically feasible using conventional methods. However, advances in extraction and production technologies can make these resources economically recoverable, allowing them to become viable [[fossil fuel]] [[reserve]]s.<ref name=wolfson>Richard Wolfson. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A: 2012.</ref>

	Unconventional resources are being ~~utilized more and more~~ as decades of oil and natural gas production have ~~resulted in extensive use~~ of conventional resources. ~~Because of this~~, new technologies ~~are constantly being introduced~~ that ~~allows~~ for the more ~~economic~~ extraction of ~~non-traditional~~ oil and gas that ~~may have been~~ previously ~~impossible~~ to ~~obtain~~. ~~Development~~ of these unconventional resources has significant economic potential as a ~~large~~ portion of oil and gas resources is estimated to ~~exist~~ in unconventional deposits.<ref name="RE1"/>		Unconventional resources are being developed increasingly as decades of oil and natural gas production have led to the depletion or maturation of many conventional resources. As a result, new technologies continue to be developed that allow for the more economical extraction of unconventional oil and natural gas resources that were previously uneconomical or technically difficult to recover. The development of these unconventional resources has significant economic potential, as a substantial portion of the world's oil and natural gas resources is estimated to occur in unconventional deposits.<ref name="RE1"/>

	==Unconventional Oil==		==Unconventional Oil==
	Unconventional oil is a ~~very specific~~ type of [[petroleum]] ~~obtained by methods~~ that ~~are different from the~~ extraction ~~technique of using a traditional well~~. This type of oil is ~~seen as being~~ more costly and difficult to extract and refine~~, as well as being more~~ environmentally ~~harmful~~.<ref>Many sources are possible, but see for example: 'Emerging Environmental Impacts of Unconventional Oil Development in the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin of Western North Dakota' by Venkataramana Gadhamshetty, Namita Shrestha, Govinda Chilkoor and Jejal Reddy Bathi from the ACS Symboposium series Vol 1216, December 15, 2015. Online: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2015-1216.ch007 Accessed August 18th, 2017.</ref> ~~In general~~, ~~unconventional~~ oil ~~is heavier~~ and ~~requires more~~ processing and upgrading. ~~Unconventional~~ oil includes [[shale oil]], [[oil sands]] ~~and extra-heavy oil~~ (natural [[bitumen]] deposits). ~~In total~~, ~~only about 3~~% of ~~2009's oil~~ production ~~came~~ from unconventional ~~oil sources~~.<ref ~~name=boyle~~>~~G.Boyle, B.Everett, S.Peake, J.Ramage~~. (~~June 3, 2015~~). ''~~Energy Systems~~ and ~~Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future~~''~~, 2nd Ed~~. ~~Oxford, UK~~: ~~Oxford University Press, 2012~~</ref> Although it is more difficult and costly to extract unconventional oil, it is becoming more common as the demand for oil is increasing and more research is being done to see how unconventional oil can be made more simple and cost-effective to produce.		Unconventional oil is a type of [[petroleum]] that requires specialized extraction or production techniques beyond those used for conventional oil reservoirs. This type of oil is generally more costly and difficult to extract and refine and is often associated with greater environmentally impacts that conventional oil production.<ref>Many sources are possible, but see for example: 'Emerging Environmental Impacts of Unconventional Oil Development in the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin of Western North Dakota' by Venkataramana Gadhamshetty, Namita Shrestha, Govinda Chilkoor and Jejal Reddy Bathi from the ACS Symboposium series Vol 1216, December 15, 2015. Online: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2015-1216.ch007 Accessed August 18th, 2017.</ref> Many unconventional oils, particularly [[bitumen]] and extra-heavy oil, are denser than conventional crude oil and require additional processing and upgrading before they can be refined into usable fuels. Examples of unconventional oil includes [[shale oil]], [[oil sands]] (natural [[bitumen]] deposits), and extra-heavy oil. Conventional oil fields contributed 97% of global oil output in 2000, but by 2024 this share had fallen to 77% because of the rising production from unconventional fields.<ref>International Energy Agency. (2025). ''The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates – Executive Summary'' [Online]. Available: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9ea2076e-5a0d-4a0d-9767-a1eec20aff23/TheImplicationsofOilandGasFieldDeclineRates.pdf</ref> Although it is more difficult and costly to extract unconventional oil, it is becoming more common as the demand for oil is increasing and more research is being done to see how unconventional oil can be made more simple and cost-effective to produce.

	<gallery mode=packed caption="Unconventional Oil Resources" widths="350px" heights="273px" >		<gallery mode=packed caption="Unconventional Oil Resources" widths="350px" heights="273px" >
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	==Unconventional Natural Gas==		==Unconventional Natural Gas==
	Unconventional natural gas is ~~simply natural gas obtained by methods~~ that ~~are different from traditional~~ extraction. Unconventional natural gas ~~can refer to~~ [[tight gas]] - natural gas ~~locked~~ in low-permeability rocks, [[shale gas]] - natural gas locked in [[shale]], or [[coal bed methane]] - natural gas contained in coal.<ref name="RE1"/> The extraction of natural gas ~~from these deposits~~ can ~~be an issue~~, ~~as arguments about the environmental impact of~~ [[hydraulic fracturing]] ~~can be brought up~~. Additionally, the water ~~use in the~~ extraction ~~of coal bed methane~~ can ~~be an~~ environmental ~~concern~~.		Unconventional natural gas is found in geological formations that require specialized extraction techniques for economical production. Unconventional natural gas includes [[tight gas]] (natural gas trapped in low-permeability rocks rock formations), [[shale gas]] (natural gas locked in [[shale]] formations), or [[coal bed methane\|coalbed methane]] (natural gas contained within coal seams).<ref name="RE1"/> The extraction of unconventional natural gas can raise environmental concerns, particularly because [[hydraulic fracturing]] is commonly used to produce shale gas. Additionally, the management and disposal of water produced during coalbed methane extraction can present environmental challenges.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	[[Category:Uploaded]]		[[Category:Uploaded]]

Jmdonev: 1 revision imported

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Jmdonev at 19:11, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T19:11:20Z

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	<onlyinclude>'''Unconventional resources''' are [[resource]]s, generally [[oil]] or [[natural gas]] resources, that do not appear in traditional formations and must use specialized extraction or production techniques to obtain fuel from the deposit.</onlyinclude> For oil and gas, conventional deposits are [[porosity\|porous]] and [[permeability\|permeable]] rocks below ground that contain tiny connected pore spaces that contain oil or natural gas.<ref name="RE1">Alberta Energy Regulator. (June 3, 2015). ''What is Unconventional Oil and Gas?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.aer.ca/about-aer/spotlight-on/unconventional-regulatory-framework/what-is-unconventional-oil-and-gas</ref> Generally, these resources are locked in geological structures where extraction is not economically or technologically feasible, however with technological advancements these can turn into viable [[fossil fuel]] [[reserve]]s.<ref name=wolfson>Richard Wolfson. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A: 2012.</ref>		<onlyinclude>'''Unconventional resources''' are [[resource]]s, generally [[oil]] or [[natural gas]] resources, that do not appear in traditional formations and must use specialized extraction or production techniques to obtain fuel from the deposit.</onlyinclude> For oil and gas, conventional deposits are [[porosity\|porous]] and [[permeability\|permeable]] rocks below ground that contain tiny connected pore spaces that contain oil or natural gas.<ref name="RE1">Alberta Energy Regulator. (June 3, 2015). ''What is Unconventional Oil and Gas?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.aer.ca/about-aer/spotlight-on/unconventional-regulatory-framework/what-is-unconventional-oil-and-gas</ref> Generally, these resources are locked in geological structures where extraction is not economically or technologically feasible, however with technological advancements these can turn into viable [[fossil fuel]] [[reserve]]s.<ref name=wolfson>Richard Wolfson. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A: 2012.</ref>

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	==Unconventional Oil==		==Unconventional Oil==
	Unconventional oil is a very specific type of [[petroleum]] obtained by methods that are different from the extraction technique of using a traditional well. This type of oil is seen as being more costly and difficult to extract and refine, as well as being more environmentally harmful.<ref>~~Investopedia. (June 3~~, ~~2015). '~~'Unconventional Oil'~~' [~~Online~~]. Available;~~ http://~~www~~.~~investopedia~~.~~com~~/~~terms~~/u/~~uncoventional~~-~~oil~~.~~asp~~</ref> In general, unconventional oil is heavier and requires more processing and upgrading. Unconventional oil includes [[shale oil]], [[oil sands]] and extra-heavy oil (natural [[bitumen]] deposits). In total, only about 3% of 2009's oil production came from unconventional oil sources.<ref name=boyle>G.Boyle, B.Everett, S.Peake, J.Ramage. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy Systems and Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd Ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012</ref> Although it is more difficult and costly to extract unconventional oil, it is becoming more common as the demand for oil is increasing and more research is being done to see how unconventional oil can be made more simple and cost-effective to produce.		Unconventional oil is a very specific type of [[petroleum]] obtained by methods that are different from the extraction technique of using a traditional well. This type of oil is seen as being more costly and difficult to extract and refine, as well as being more environmentally harmful.<ref>Many sources are possible, but see for example: 'Emerging Environmental Impacts of Unconventional Oil Development in the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin of Western North Dakota' by Venkataramana Gadhamshetty, Namita Shrestha, Govinda Chilkoor and Jejal Reddy Bathi from the ACS Symboposium series Vol 1216, December 15, 2015. Online: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2015-1216.ch007 Accessed August 18th, 2017.</ref> In general, unconventional oil is heavier and requires more processing and upgrading. Unconventional oil includes [[shale oil]], [[oil sands]] and extra-heavy oil (natural [[bitumen]] deposits). In total, only about 3% of 2009's oil production came from unconventional oil sources.<ref name=boyle>G.Boyle, B.Everett, S.Peake, J.Ramage. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy Systems and Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd Ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012</ref> Although it is more difficult and costly to extract unconventional oil, it is becoming more common as the demand for oil is increasing and more research is being done to see how unconventional oil can be made more simple and cost-effective to produce.

	<gallery mode=packed caption="Unconventional Oil Resources" widths="350px" heights="273px" >		<gallery mode=packed caption="Unconventional Oil Resources" widths="350px" heights="273px" >

J.williams: 1 revision imported

2015-08-26T21:31:46Z

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J.williams at 17:00, 12 August 2015

2015-08-12T17:00:25Z

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[[Category:Done 2015-06-11]]
<onlyinclude>'''Unconventional resources''' are [[resource]]s, generally [[oil]] or [[natural gas]] resources, that do not appear in traditional formations and must use specialized extraction or production techniques to obtain fuel from the deposit.</onlyinclude> For oil and gas, conventional deposits are [[porosity|porous]] and [[permeability|permeable]] rocks below ground that contain tiny connected pore spaces that contain oil or natural gas.<ref name="RE1">Alberta Energy Regulator. (June 3, 2015). ''What is Unconventional Oil and Gas?'' [Online]. Available: https://www.aer.ca/about-aer/spotlight-on/unconventional-regulatory-framework/what-is-unconventional-oil-and-gas</ref> Generally, these resources are locked in geological structures where extraction is not economically or technologically feasible, however with technological advancements these can turn into viable [[fossil fuel]] [[reserve]]s.<ref name=wolfson>Richard Wolfson. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy, Environment, and Climate'', 2nd ed. New York, NY, U.S.A: 2012.</ref>

Unconventional resources are being utilized more and more as decades of oil and natural gas production have resulted in extensive use of conventional resources. Because of this, new technologies are constantly being introduced that allows for the more economic extraction of non-traditional oil and gas that may have been previously impossible to obtain. Development of these unconventional resources has significant economic potential as a large portion of oil and gas resources is estimated to exist in unconventional deposits.<ref name="RE1"/>

==Unconventional Oil==
Unconventional oil is a very specific type of [[petroleum]] obtained by methods that are different from the extraction technique of using a traditional well. This type of oil is seen as being more costly and difficult to extract and refine, as well as being more environmentally harmful.<ref>Investopedia. (June 3, 2015). ''Unconventional Oil'' [Online]. Available; http://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/uncoventional-oil.asp</ref> In general, unconventional oil is heavier and requires more processing and upgrading. Unconventional oil includes [[shale oil]], [[oil sands]] and extra-heavy oil (natural [[bitumen]] deposits). In total, only about 3% of 2009's oil production came from unconventional oil sources.<ref name=boyle>G.Boyle, B.Everett, S.Peake, J.Ramage. (June 3, 2015). ''Energy Systems and Sustainability: Power for a Sustainable Future'', 2nd Ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012</ref> Although it is more difficult and costly to extract unconventional oil, it is becoming more common as the demand for oil is increasing and more research is being done to see how unconventional oil can be made more simple and cost-effective to produce.

<gallery mode=packed caption="Unconventional Oil Resources" widths="350px" heights="273px" >
File:Tar_Sandstone_California.jpg|Figure 1. Bitumen soaked sandstone.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (June 3, 2015). ''Tar Sandstone'' [Online]. Available: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Tar_Sandstone_California.jpg</ref>
File:614px-Messel_oil_shale_sideritic_laminae.jpg|Figure 2. Oil shale.<ref>Wikimedia Commons. (June 3, 2015). ''Oil Shale'' [Online]. Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messel_oil_shale_sideritic_laminae.jpg#/media/File:Messel_oil_shale_sideritic_laminae.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

==Unconventional Natural Gas==
Unconventional natural gas is simply natural gas obtained by methods that are different from traditional extraction. Unconventional natural gas can refer to [[tight gas]] - natural gas locked in low-permeability rocks, [[shale gas]] - natural gas locked in [[shale]], or [[coal bed methane]] - natural gas contained in coal.<ref name="RE1"/> The extraction of natural gas from these deposits can be an issue, as arguments about the environmental impact of [[hydraulic fracturing]] can be brought up. Additionally, the water use in the extraction of coal bed methane can be an environmental concern.

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Uploaded]]